MACS J0416.1-2403

MACS J0416.1-2403 is a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z=0.397 with a mass 160 trillion times the mass of the Sun inside 200 kpc (650 kly). Its mass out to a radius of 950 kpc (3,100 kly) was measured as 1.15 × 1015 solar masses.[2] The system was discovered[3] during the Massive Cluster Survey, MACS.[4] This cluster causes gravitational lensing of distant galaxies producing multiple images.[5][6] In 2015, the galaxy cluster was announced as gravitationally lensing the most distant galaxy (z = 12). Based on the distribution of the multiple image copies, scientists have been able to deduce and map the distribution of dark matter.[7][8]

MACS J0416.1–2403
Galaxy cluster MCS J0416.1–2403 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope
Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA, HST Frontier Fields
Observation data (Epoch J2000.0[1])
Constellation(s)Eridanus
Right ascension 04h 16m 09.9s[1]
Declination−24° 03′ 58″[1]
Redshift0.420000[1]
Other designations
MACS J0416.1-2403,[1] MACS J0416-2403, MACS 0416.1-2403, MACS 0416-2403, 1RXS J041609.9-240358[1]
  • MACS J0416.1-2403 contains a significant amount of dark matter, which leaves a detectable imprint in visible light by distorting the images of background galaxies.[9]
  • Very massive cluster of galaxies, MACS0416.1-2403, located roughly 4 billion light-years away.[10]
  • Galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1–2403 is one of six being studied by the Hubble Frontier Fields programme.[11]

References
  1. "Object No. 1 - MACS J0416.1-2403". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database.
  2. Jauzac, Mathilde; Eric Jullo; Dominique Eckert; Harald Ebeling; Johan Richard; Marceau Limousin; et al. (23 June 2014). "Hubble Frontier Fields: The Geometry and Dynamics of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Merger MACSJ0416.1-2403". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (4): 4132–4147. arXiv:1406.3011. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.446.4132J. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2425.
  3. Mann, Andrew; Harald Ebeling (March 2012). "X-ray-optical classification of cluster mergers and the evolution of the cluster merger fraction". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 420 (3): 2120–2138. arXiv:1111.2396. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.420.2120M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20170.x.
  4. Ebeling, Harald; Alastair Edge; J. Patrick Henry (June 2001). "MACS: A Quest for the Most Massive Galaxy Clusters in the Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (2): 668–676. arXiv:astro-ph/0009101. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553..668E. doi:10.1086/320958.
  5. Diego, Jose M. (4 June 2014). "Free Form Lensing Implications for the Collision of Dark Matter and Gas in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (4): 3130–3149. arXiv:1406.1217. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447.3130D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2660.
  6. "New mass map of a distant galaxy cluster is the most precise yet". 24 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  7. Cho, Adrian (2017). "Scientists unveil the most detailed map of dark matter to date". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aal0847.
  8. Natarajan, Priyamvada; Chadayammuri, Urmila; Jauzac, Mathilde; Richard, Johan; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Ebeling, Harald; Jiang, Fangzhou; Bosch, Frank van den; Limousin, Marceau; Jullo, Eric; Atek, Hakim; Pillepich, Annalisa; Popa, Cristina; Marinacci, Federico; Hernquist, Lars; Meneghetti, Massimo; Vogelsberger, Mark (2017). "Mapping substructure in the HST Frontier Fields cluster lenses and in cosmological simulations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (2): 1962–1980. arXiv:1702.04348. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468.1962N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3385.
  9. "A cosmic kaleidoscope". Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  10. "Faint Compact Galaxy in the Early Universe". Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  11. "Hubble Frontier Fields view of MACSJ0416.1–2403". Retrieved 23 October 2015.
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