List of rulers of Islamic Egypt

Governors of Arab Egypt (640–1250) and Mamluk Egypt (1250–1517). For other periods, see the list of rulers of Egypt.

The Rashidun Caliphs era (640–658)

See Rashidun Caliphate.

# Governor (Amir) Start End Period Fate
1 Amr ibn al-As No picture available 640 646 6 years Secluded by Uthman Ibn Affan
2 Abdallah ibn Sa'ad No picture available 646 656 10 years Overthrown by Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa
3 Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa No picture available 656 657 1 year Killed
4 Qays ibn Sa'd No picture available 657 657 6 months Secluded
5 Malik al-Ashtar No picture available 657 657 1 day Died before reaching Al-Fustat
6 Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr No picture available 658 658 5 months Killed

Umayyad Caliphate era (659–750)

See Umayyad Caliphate.

# Governor (Wali) Start End Comments
1 'Amr ibn al-'As 658 664 Conqueror of Egypt. Died in office
2 Utba ibn Abi Sufyan 664 665 Brother of Mu'awiya I. Died
3 Uqba ibn Amir 665 667 Muleteer of Muhammad. Unseated
4 Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari 667 682 Leading Umayyad partisan in Egypt. Died in office
5 Sa'id ibn Yazid ibn Alqama al-Azdi 682 684 Unseated
6 Abd al-Rahman ibn Utba al-Fihri 684 684 Appointed by Ibn al-Zubayr
7 Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam 685 705 Died in office
8 Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam 705 709 Unseated
9 Qurra ibn Sharik al-Absi 709 715 Died in office
10 Abd al-Malik ibn Rifa'a al-Fahmi 715 717 Unseated
11 Ayyub ibn Sharhabil 717 720 -
12 Bishr ibn Safwan al-Kalbi 720 721 Became the governor of Ifriqiya
13 Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi 721 724 -
14 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 724 724 Resigned after witnessing an epidemic
15 Al-Hurr ibn Yusuf 724 727 Died in office. Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
16 Abd al-Malik ibn Rifa'a al-Fahmi 727 727 Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
17 Al-Walid ibn Rifa'a ibn Thabit al-Fahmi 727 735 Unseated. Egypt under the de facto rule of Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab.
18 Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid al-Fahmi 735 737 Unseated
19 Handhala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi 737 741 Became the Wali of Africa
20 Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami 741 744 Resigned
21 Hasan ibn Atahiya 744 744 Ran away after opposition by the Hafsiya
22 Hafs ibn al-Walid ibn Yusuf al-Hadrami 744 745 Installed by the Hfsiya, surrendered to his successor without a fight
23 al-Hawthala ibn Suhayl al-Bahili 745 749 Unseated
24 Al-Mughira ibn Ubayd al-Fazari 749 749 Died
25 Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn Musa ibn Nusayr 749 749 Unseated by the Abbasids

Abbasid Caliphate era (750–969)

See Abbasid Caliphate.

Governors during the First Abbasid Period (750–868)
# Governor Start End Period Governor Title Fate
1 Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas 750 751 1 year Wali Became the wali of Palestine
2 Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid 751 753 2 years Wali Ran away after an epidemic
3 Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas 753 755 2 years Wali Unseated
4 Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid 755 758 3 years Wali Unseated
5 Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi 758 759 1 year Wali Died
6 Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i 759 760 1 year Wali Unseated
7 Humayd ibn Qahtaba 760 762 2 years Wali Unseated
8 Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi 762 769 8 years Wali Unseated
9 Abdallah ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Tujibi 769 772 4 years Wali Died
10 Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Tujibi 772 772 8 months Wali Died
11 Musa ibn Ali ibn Rabah al-Lakhmi 772 778 6 years Wali -
12 Isa ibn Luqman al-Jumahi 778 779 4 months Wali Unseated
13 Wadih 779 779 4 months Wali Unseated
14 Mansur ibn Yazid ibn Mansur 779 779 2 months Wali Unseated
15 Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi 779 780 1 year Wali Unseated
16 Salim ibn Sawada al-Tamimi 780 781 1 year Wali Unseated
17 Ibrahim ibn Salih ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas 781 784 3 years Wali Unseated
18 Musa ibn Mus'ab al-Khath'ami 784 785 1 year Wali Killed
19 Asama ibn Amr 785 785 2 months Wali Unseated
20 al-Fadl ibn Salih ibn Ali al-Abbasi 785 786 1 year Wali Unseated
21 Ali ibn Sulayman al-Abbasi 786 787 1 year Wali Unseated by the new Abbasid wali
22 Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi 787 789 2 years Wali Unseated
23 Maslama ibn Yahya al-Bajali 789 789 11 months Wali Unseated
24 Muhammad ibn Zuhayr al-Azdi 789 790 6 months Wali Unseated
25 Dawud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi 790 791 1 years Wali Unseated
26 Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi 791 792 1 years Wali Unseated
27 Ibrahim ibn Salih ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas 792 792 Less than a year Wali Died
28 Abdallah ibn al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr al-Dabbi 792 793 1 year Wali Unseated
29 Ishaq ibn Sulayman 793 794 1 year Wali Unseated
30 Harthama ibn A'yan 794 795 1 year Wali Became the wali of Ifriqiya
31 Abd al-Malik ibn Salih 795 795 Less than a year Wali Unseated
- Abdallah ibn al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr al-Dabbi 795 795 Less than a year Deputy to Abd al-Malik ibn Salih -
32 Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi 795 795 Less than a year Wali Unseated
33 Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi 795 796 1 year Wali Unseated
34 Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi 796 797 1 year Wali Unseated
35 Isma'il ibn Salih ibn Ali al-Abbasi 797 798 1 year Wali Unseated
36 Isma'il ibn Isa al-Abbasi 798 798 Less than a year Wali Unseated
37 Al-Layth ibn al-Fadl 798 803 5 years Wali Unseated
38 Ahmad ibn Ismail ibn Ali ibn Abdallah al-Abbasi 803 805 2 years Wali Unseated
39 Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi 805 806 1 year Wali Unseated
40 Al-Husayn ibn Jamil 806 808 2 years Wali Unseated
41 Malik ibn Dalham al-Kalbi 808 808 9 Months Wali Unseated
42 Al-Hasan ibn al-Takhtakh 809 809 11 Months Wali Unseated
43 Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn A'yan 810 811 1 year Wali Unseated
44 Jabir ibn al-Ash'ath al-Ta'i 811 812 1 year Wali Beaten off from Egypt
45 Abbad ibn Muhammad ibn Hayyan 812 813 1 Year Wali Unseated
46 Al-Muttalib ibn Abdallah al-Khuza'i 813 814 Less than a year Wali Unseated
47 Al-Abbas ibn Musa ibn Isa al-Abbasi 814 814 Less than a year Wali -
48 Al-Muttalib ibn Abdallah al-Khuza'i 814 815 Less than a year Wali Beaten off from Egypt
49 Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam April 816 September 816 6 months Wali Soldiers revolted against him
50 Sulayman ibn Ghalib ibn Jibril al-Bajali September 816 March 817 5 months Wali Soldiers revolted against him
51 Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam March 817 November 820 3 years Wali -
52 Abu Nasr ibn al-Sari 820 822 2 years Wali -
53 Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad 822 822 Wali -
54 Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari 822 826 3 years Wali Unseated by the new wali
55 Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani 826 827 17 months Wali Departed for Iraq
56 Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi 827 829 2 years Deputy to Abdallah ibn Tahir Unseated
57 Umayr ibn al-Walid 829 829 Less than a year Wali Appointed by Abu Ishaq, killed in an anti-taxation rebellion
58 Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi 829 830 Less than a year Wali Unseated
59 Abdawayh ibn Jabalah 830 831 Less than a year Wali Unseated
60 Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i 831 832 Less than a year Wali Unseated
61 Kaydar Nasr ibn Abdallah 832 834 2 years Wali Died
62 Muzaffar ibn Kaydar 834 834 4 months Wali Unseated
63 Musa ibn Abi al-Abbas 834 839 5 years Wali -
64 Malik ibn Kaydar 839 841 2 years Wali Unseated
65 Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani 841 843 2 years Wali Unseated
66 Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i 843 847 4 years Wali Unseated
67 Harthamah ibn al-Nadr al-Jabali 847 849 1 year Wali Died
68 Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn al-Nadr 849 849 1 Month Wali Unseated
69 Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani 849 850 Less than a year Wali Unseated
70 Ishaq ibn Yahya ibn Mu'adh 850 851 Less than a year Wali Unseated
71 Khut Abd al-Wahid ibn Yahya 851 852 Less than a year Wali Unseated
72 Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi 852 856 4 years Wali Unseated
73 Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani 856 867 10 years Wali Unseated
74 Muzahim ibn Khaqan 867 868 Less than a year Wali Died
75 Ahmad ibn Muzahim ibn Khaqan 868 868 Less than a year Wali Died
76 Azjur al-Turki 868 868 Less than a year Wali Unseated

Emirs of the Tulunid Dynasty (868–905)

See Tulunid Dynasty.

# Emir Start End Period Fate
1 Ahmad ibn Tulun 15 September 868 10 May 884 16 years Died
2 Khumarawayh 10 May 884 18 January 896 12 years Murdered
3 Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh 18 January 896 November 896 9 months Unseated then died in jail
4 Harun November 896 30 December 904 8 years Murdered
5 Shayban 30 December 904 10 January 905 10 days Surrendered to the Abbasids

Governors during the Second Abbasid Period (905–935)
# Governor (Emir) Start End Period Fate
1 Isa al-Nushari 905 910 5 years Died
2 Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari 910 915 5 years Unseated
3 Dhuka al-Rumi 915 919 4 years Died
4 Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari (2nd time) 920 921 1 year Unseated
5 Abu'l-Hasan Hilal ibn Badr 921 923 2 years Unseated
6 Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh 923 924 7 months Unseated
7 Takin al-Khassa Abu Mansur Takin ibn Abdallah al-Harbi al-Khazari (3rd time) 924 933 9 years Died
8 Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (2nd time) 933 935 1 year Unseated

Emirs of the Ikhshidid Dynasty (935–969)

See Ikshidid Dynasty.

# Governor (Emir) Start End Period Fate
1 Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid No picture available 935 946 11 years Died
2 Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid No picture available 946 961 15 years Died
3 Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid No picture available 961 966 5 years Died
4 Abu al-Misk Kafur No picture available 966 968 2 years Died
5 Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali No picture available 968 969 1 year Deposed by the Fatimid conquest

Fatimid era (969–1171)

See Fatimid dynasty.

# Governor Start End Title Fate
1 Jawhar al-Siqilli 969 973 Governor, following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt -
2 Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah 973 975 Caliph Died
3 Al-Aziz Billah 975 997 Caliph Died
4 Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 997 1020 Caliph Disappeared
5 Ali az-Zahir 1020 1036 Caliph -
6 Al-Mustansir Billah 1036 1094 Caliph Died after reigned for 60 years
7 Al-Musta'li 1094 1102 Caliph -
8 Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah 1102 1131 Caliph Killed
9 Al-Hafiz 1131 1150 Caliph -
10 Al-Zafir 1150 1154 Caliph Killed after unseated
11 Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah 1154 1160 Caliph Died
12 Al-Adid li-Din Allah 1160 1171 Caliph Unseated by Saladin

Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1252)

See Ayyubid Dynasty.

# Governor Start End Period Title Fate
1 Saladin 1171 1193 22 years Sultan Died
2 Al-Aziz No picture available 1193 1198 5 years Sultan -
3 Al-Mansur No picture available 1198 1200 2 years Sultan -
4 Al-Adil I No picture available 1200 1218 18 years Sultan Died
5 Al-Kamil 1218 1238 20 years Sultan Died
6 Al-Adil II No picture available 1238 1240 2 years Sultan -
7 As-Salih Ayyub No picture available 1240 1250 9 years Sultan Died
8 Turanshah No picture available March 1250? 2 May 1250 40 days Sultan Assassinated by the Mamluks
* Shajar al-Durr No picture available 1250 1250 80 days Sultanah Abdicated to Aybak
9 Al-Ashraf Musa No picture available 1250 1252 2 years Co-sultan with Aybak Dethroned / custody

* Shajar al-Durr widow of As-Salih Ayyub ruled as sultana after the assassination of Turanshah.

Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)

Bahri Mamluks (1250–1382)
# Name Start End Title Fate Picture
1 Izz al-Din Aybak 1250 1257 Sultan Assassinated by Shajar ad-Dur No image available
2 al-Mansur Nour al-Din Ali 1257 1259 Sultan Dethroned by Seif al-Din No image available
3 al-Muzafar Seif al-Din Qutuz 1259 1260 Sultan Assassinated by al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari No image available
4 al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari 1260 1277 Sultan Died
5 al-Said Nasir al-Din Barakah 1277 1279 Sultan Resigned No image available
6 al-Adel Badr al-Din Solamish 1279 1279 Sultan Dethroned No image available
7 al-Mansour Seif al-Din Qalawun 1279 1290 Sultan Died No image available
8 al-Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil 1290 1293 Sultan Assassinated No image available
9 al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Mohamed Ben Qalawun (first reign) 1293 1294 Sultan Dethroned No image available
10 al-Adil Zein al-Din Katubgha 1294 1296 Sultan Escaped No image available
11 al-Mansour Hossam al-Din Lajin 1296 1299 Sultan Assassinated No image available
12 al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Mohamed Ben Qalawun (second reign) 1299 1309 Sultan Resigned No image available
13 al-Muzafar Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Jashnakir 1309 1309 Sultan Executed No image available
14 al-Nasir Nasir al-Din Mohamed Ben Qalawun (third reign) 1309 1340 Sultan Died No image available
15 al-Mansour Saif al-Din Abu Bakr 1340 1341 Sultan Dethroned No image available
16 al-Ashraf Ala'a al-Din Kujuk 1341 1342 Sultan Dethroned No image available
17 al-Nasir Shihab al-Din Ahmad 1342 1342 Sultan Dethroned No image available
18 al-Salih Imad al-Din Abu Ismail 1342 1345 Sultan Died No image available
19 al-Kamil Seif al-Din Shaban 1345 1346 Sultan Killed No image available
20 al-Muzafar Zein al-Din Hagi 1346 1347 Sultan Killed No image available
21 al-Nasir Badr al-Din Abu al-Ma'aly al-Hassan 1347 1351 Sultan Dethroned No image available
22 al-Salih Salah al-Din Ben Mohamed 1351 1354 Sultan Custody No image available
23 al-Nasir Badr al-Din Abu al-Ma'aly al-Hassan 1354 1361 Sultan Disappeared /prob. killed No image available
24 al-Mansur Salah al-Din Mohamed Ben Hagi 1361 1363 Sultan Dethroned for insanity No image available
25 Al-Ashraf Sha'ban 1363 1376 Sultan Executed No image available
26 al-Mansur Ala-ad-Din Ali Ibn al-Ashraf Shaban 1376 1381 Sultan Died in epidemic No image available
27 Al-Salih Hajji 1381 1382 Sultan Resigned No image available

Burji Mamluks (1382–1517)
# Name Start End Title Fate
1 Barquq 1382 1399 Sultan Died
2 Faraj bin Barquq 1st reign 1399 1405 Sultan Escaped
3 Abdul Aziz bin Barquq 1405 Sultan Died in custody
2 Faraj bin Barquq 2nd reign 1405 1412 Sultan Dethroned / Killed
4 Al-Adil Al-Musta'in Billah 1412 Caliph Deposed
6 Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh al-Mahmudi 1412 1421 Sultan Died
7 al-Muzafar Abu al-Saadat Ahmad 1421 Sultan Dethroned
8 Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Tatar Sultan Died
9 as-Salih Nasir-ad-Din Muhammad 1421 1422 Sultan Dethroned
10 Barsbay 1421 1438 Sultan Died
11 Jamal ad-Din Yusuf 1438 Sultan Dethroned
12 Jaqmaq 1438 1453 Sultan Dethroned
13 Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman 1453 Sultan Dethroned
14 Inal 1453 1460 Sultan Resigned due to illness and died
15 al-Mu'aid Shihab ud-Din Ahmed 1460 1461 Sultan Dethroned
16 Khushqadam 1461 1467 Sultan Died
17 Bilbay 1467 1467 Sultan Dethroned and died in custody
18 Timurbugha 1467 1468 Sultan Dethroned
19 al-Ashraf Qaitbay 1468 1496 Sultan Abdicated to his son
20 al-Nasir Abu al-Sa'adat Muhammad 1st reign 1496 1497 Sultan Deposed
21 Qansuh Khumsama'ah 1497 Sultan Escaped and disappeared
20 al-Nasir Abu al-Sa'adat Muhammad 2nd reign 1497 1498 Sultan Assassinated
22 az-Zahir Qansuh al-Ashrafi 1498 1500 Sultan Abdicated
23 al-Ashraf Janbalat 1500 1501 Sultan Dethroned
24 Tuman bay I 1501 1501 Sultan Deposed and executed
25 Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri 1501 1516 Sultan Killed in Battle of Marj Dabiq
26 Tuman bay II 1516 1517 Sultan Executed by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I

Sources

Bosworth, Clifford E., The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996 (Google Books)

See also
  • History of Muslim Egypt
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