List of online encyclopedias
This is a list of encyclopedias accessible on the Internet or formerly accessible on the Internet. The largest online encyclopedias are general reference works. There are also many specialized ones. Some online encyclopedia are an online copy of a paper encyclopedia, or an online version. Some, such as Wikipedia, are a separate enterprise.
General reference
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baidu Baike | Chinese | Collaborative online encyclopedia hosted by the major Chinese search engine Baidu | Free |
| Baike.com | Chinese | General interest. China's largest wiki | Free |
| The Canadian Encyclopedia | English, French | General interest (original content of the hard copy Canadian Encyclopedia) | Free |
| Citizendium | English | General interest, wiki | Free, copyleft |
| Columbia Encyclopedia | English | General interest | Free |
| Conservapedia[1][2] | English | American conservative and Christian interests | Free |
| Crnogorska Enciklopedija | Montenegrin | General interest (hopes to encourage a Montenegrin language Wikipedia) | Defunct |
| Croatian Encyclopedia | Croatian | General and national encyclopedia | Free |
| Den Store Danske Encyklopædi | Danish | General interest | Free |
| Digital Universe | English | Collection of articles on educational, cultural, and scientific topics | Free |
| Doosan Encyclopedia | Korean | General interest | Free |
| EcuRed | Spanish | General interest. Cuban | Free |
| Ekşi Sözlük | Turkish | General interest | Free |
| Encarta | English | General interest | Defunct |
| Enciclonet | Spanish | General interest | Limited free access and features, subscription for full access |
| Encyclopædia Britannica | English | General interest | Limited free access and features, subscription for full access |
| Encyclopædia Britannica 11th Edition (1910–11) | English | General interest | Public domain: completely free access from several online sources |
| Encyclopedia.com | English | General interest | Free |
| Encyclopedia of China | Chinese | General interest | Subscription |
| Encyclopedic Dictionary of Vietnam | Vietnamese | General interest. State-sponsored encyclopedia. | Free |
| Encyklopedia Internautica | Polish | General interest | Free |
| Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español | Spanish | Fork of the Spanish Wikipedia, using wiki software, released under the GFDL | Free, copyleft |
| Encyclopedia Sindhiana | Sindhi | General interest | Limited free access and features |
| Encyclopædia Universalis | French | General interest encyclopedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica | Subscription |
| Everipedia | English[3] | The site lets editors create any page on any topic[3] and anyone can edit a page by creating a free account.[4] | Free[4] |
| Everything2 | English | General interest, users can submit articles on the topic of essentially anything | Free |
| GNE | English | General interest articles are released under a GNU license. Formerly GNUpedia. | Defunct |
| Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana | Catalan | General interest | Free |
| Grand Larousse encyclopédique | French | General interest | Free |
| Great Norwegian Encyclopedia | Norwegian (Bokmål) | General interest | Free |
| Great Russian Encyclopedia | Russian | General interest | Free |
| Great Soviet Encyclopedia | Russian, English | General interest, often from the former official Soviet viewpoint. | Free |
| Hamichlol | Hebrew, English | General interest, designed for Haredim | Free. Copyleft: mirror of Wikipedia content; copyright: original content. |
| Internetowa encyklopedia PWN | Polish | General interest | Free |
| Interpedia | English | General interest, the first site to propose a free encyclopedia written by users | Defunct |
| Enciklopedio Kalblanda | Esperanto | General interest. The first online Esperanto encyclopedia | Defunct (merged into Esperanto Wikipedia) |
| Krugosvet (Rus. Кругосвет) | Russian | General interest. | Free |
| Marathi Vishwakosh | Marathi | General Interest | Free |
| Marefa | Arabic | General interest | Free |
| Mawdoo3 | Arabic | General interest | Free |
| Metapedia | Hungarian, German, English, Spanish, Swedish, Romanian, Estonian, French, Slovenian, Czech, Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, Greek, Dutch | Far right-wing, white nationalist and neo nazi encyclopedia | Free |
| Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 4. ed. 1888 - 1892 | German | General interest | Free |
| Nationalencyklopedin | Swedish | General interest, comprehensive | Subscription |
| New World Encyclopedia | English | General interest | Free. Wikipedia fork. |
| Nupedia | English | Combined with GNUpedia | Defunct |
| Open Site | English | Categorized community-built encyclopedia, inspired by the Open Directory Project | No longer an encyclopedia |
| Probert Encyclopaedia | English | General interest | Defunct |
| Proleksis Encyclopedia | Croatian | General and national encyclopedia | Free with registration |
| Sarvavijnanakosam | Malayalam | General interest | Free |
| Scholarpedia | English | Articles are written by scholars and peer-reviewed for accuracy | Free |
| Superpedia | Bahasa Indonesia, Sundanese, Javanese | General interest | Free |
| Susning.nu | Swedish | A Swedish language wiki 2001–2009 | Defunct |
| Tamil Encyclopedia | Tamil | General Interest | Free |
| Treccani | Italian | General interest | Free |
| Veropedia | English, Dutch, Spanish | Mirrors stable versions of selected English Wikipedia articles | Defunct |
| WIEM Encyklopedia | Polish | General interest | Free |
| Wikipedia | Various (see list here) | General interest, wiki | Free, copyleft |
| Winkler Prins | Dutch | General interest, three different age levels | Subscription |
| World Book Encyclopedia | English | General interest | Subscription |
Biography
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australian Dictionary of Biography | English | Entries on notable Australians who have died | Free |
| Croatian Biographical Lexicon | Croatian | Multi-volume biographical reference work on notable figures from Croatian history | Free |
| Deutsche Biographie | German | Biographies on notable German speaking people | Free |
| Dictionary of Canadian Biography | English, French | Entries on notable Canadians | Free |
| Dictionary of Irish Architects | English | Biographical information on Irish architects from 1720 to 1940 | Free |
| Kdo byl kdo | Czech | Biographies on notable Czech and Slovak people | Free |
| Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 | German | Biographies on notable Austrians | Free |
| Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | English | Comprehensive 66-volume reference work on notable figures from British history | Subscription |
| Dictionary of New Zealand Biography | English, Māori | Entries on notable New Zealanders who have died | Free |
| Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani | Italian | Biographical Dictionary of Italian People, published by the Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani | Free |
Antiquities, arts, and literature
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities | English | Incorporates text from the 19th century encyclopedia of the same name. Focuses on topics of cultural and historical Greek and Roman significance. | Free |
| Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology | English | Focuses on topics dealing with Greek and Roman mythology and people | Free |
| Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography | English | Focuses on topic relating to Greek and Roman geography | Free |
| Enciclopedia Dantesca | Italian | Devoted to Dante Alighieri and his time, by the Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani | Free |
| Encyclopedia Mythica | English | Contains articles on mythology, folklore, and religion | Free |
| Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities | English | Covers subjects of classical antiquity; text from 1898 | Free |
| The History of Nordic Women's Literature | English, Danish, Swedish | Searchable online English-language version including many biographies | Free |
| The Literary Encyclopedia | English | Literature related articles | Subscription |
| Oxford Art Online | English | Visual art; formerly Grove Art Online and The Dictionary of Art. Originally published in 1996 as a 34-volume printed encyclopedia; offered online since 1998. | Subscription[5] |
| SIKART | English, German, French, Italian | Biographical dictionary and database of Swiss visual art | Free |
Regional interest
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria-Forum | German, English | Online database of Austrian culture | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Alabama | English | Articles on the state of Alabama | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Arkansas | English | Project of the Central Arkansas Library System and is the only U.S. state encyclopedia sponsored by a public library | Free |
| Banglapedia | Bengali, English | Bangladesh-related topics | Free |
| Chalo Chatu | English | Collaborative online encyclopedia hosted by Chalochatu Foundation. Features comprehensive articles on Zambian culture and history, etc. | Free |
| Dictionary of Sydney | English | Articles on the history and culture of Sydney, Australia | Free |
| Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edition | English | About the Islamic world, not a Muslim encyclopaedia | Subscription |
| Encyclopædia Iranica | English, plans for a future Persian version | Topics on Iranology and the influence of the Iranian peoples throughout history | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Korean Culture | Korean | Korea-related topics | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Ukraine | English and Ukrainian | Ukraine related articles | Free |
| Gazetteer for Scotland | English | Articles on the geography and locations of Scotland | Free |
| Handbook of Texas | English | Articles on the U.S. State of Texas | Free |
| Historical Dictionary of Switzerland | French, German and Italian | Articles on the history of Switzerland. | Free (without illustrations) |
| HistoryLink | English | Articles pertaining to Washington state history | Free |
| Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan | English | Comprehensive articles on Japanese arts and culture, history and politics, etc. | Subscription |
| MNopedia | English | Published by the Minnesota Historical Society | Free |
| New Georgia Encyclopedia | English | Articles on the U.S. state Georgia | Free |
| The Oregon Encyclopedia | English | Articles pertaining to Oregon | Free |
| Panyathai | Thai, limited English | General interest. Designed to honor the Thai king Bhumibol Adulyadej | Free |
| Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand | English, Māori | The New Zealand government site with content on the country | Free |
| Vienna History Wiki | German | Articles on the history of the city of Vienna, Austria. Includes 31,000 entries from the 2nd edition of Historisches Lexikon Wien. | Free |
Pop culture and fiction
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| A Wiki of Ice and Fire | Multilingual | A wiki about George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire and HBO's Game of Thrones | Free |
| Don Markstein's Toonopedia | English | Focuses on articles pertaining to print and animated cartoons | Free |
| Encyclopedia Dramatica | English | Contains humorous articles, especially those related or relevant to contemporary Internet culture. | Free |
| Emojipedia | English | Emoji | Free |
| Fringepedia | English | Contains articles pertaining to the American television drama Fringe. | Free |
| h2g2 | English | Collection of sometimes humorous encyclopedia articles, based on Douglas Adams's The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. | Free |
| Heroes Wiki | English, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish | Contains articles pertaining to the American television drama Heroes. | Free |
| Know Your Meme | English | A website and video series which uses wiki software to document various Internet memes and other online phenomena, such as viral videos, image macros, catchphrases, and internet celebrities.[6][7] | Free |
| Lostpedia | English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese | Contains articles pertaining to the hit drama Lost | Free |
| Memory Alpha | English, Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish | Articles about Star Trek | Free |
| The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction | English | Authors, books, films of SF | Free |
| The Rocklopedia Fakebandica | English | Articles on fake bands from popular entertainment | Free |
| Supernatural Wiki | English | Contains articles pertaining to the American television drama Supernatural. | Free |
| TV Tropes | English, German, Esperanto, Spanish, French, Norwegian, Finnish, Swedish, Al Bhed, Quenya | Articles related to the devices and conventions that a fiction writer can reasonably rely on as being present in the audience members' minds and expectations | Free |
| Uncyclopedia | Multilingual | Humour encyclopedia | Free |
| Fallout Wiki | English, German, Spanish, Bulgarian, Finnish, French, Georgian, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish, Turkish, Chinese | Fallout-related articles | Free |
| Wookieepedia | English, German, Spanish, Bulgarian, Danish, Finnish, French, Croatian, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Chinese | Star Wars-related articles | Free |
| WoWWiki / Wowpedia | English, German, Spanish, French, Czech, Danish, Greek, Persian, Finnish, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Dutch, Nynorsk, Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Korean, Japanese, Chinese | World of Warcraft-related articles | Free |
| Stargate fandom/Stargate Wiki[8] | English | Stargate-related articles | Free |
Mathematics
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Encyclopedia of Mathematics | English | Encompasses articles on the topic of mathematics | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers | English | Information about ten thousands of triangle centers, including coordinates, operations, incidence, equations, etc. | Free |
| EqWorld | English, Russian | Articles on mathematical equations | Free |
| MathWorld | English | Articles on a wide variety of mathematics related topics | Free |
| On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | English | Information about hundred thousands of integer sequences, including formulas, related sequences, programs, etc. | Free/CC BY-NC 3.0 |
| PlanetMath | English | Mathematics related topics and articles | Free/GNU |
| nLab | English | Category theory and related topics | Free |
Film
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMDb | English, German, French, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish and Spanish |
Information related to world films, television programs, home videos and video games, and internet streams |
free |
Music
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgarian Rock Archives | Bulgarian | Archives of Bulgarian rock bands | |
| Encyclopaedia Metallum | English | Archives of heavy metal bands | Free |
| Grove Music Online | English | Mostly on historic and classical music worldwide; in print form is The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, which has 20 printed volumes, and was first published in 1980 | Subscription[5] |
| MOOMA | Hebrew | Articles on Israeli music and musical artists | Free |
Philosophy
| Site | Language | Description | Access | Founder |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy | English | Philosophy related articles | Free | James Fieser |
| Marxists Internet Archive | multi-lingual | Topics related to the study of Marxism | Free | RationalMedia Foundation |
| RationalWiki[9] | English | Skeptical interests[10] | Free | |
| Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy | English | Philosophy articles | Subscription | Edward Craig |
| Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | English | Philosophy subjects | Free | Edward Zalta |
Politics and history
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ancient History Encyclopedia | English | Historical encyclopedia targeted at students and the general public. Reviewed by editorial team, not a Wiki. | Free |
| Ballotpedia | English | American politics, elections, and public policy | Free |
| The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics | English | Economics – part of the Library of Economics and Liberty. Edited by David R. Henderson | Free |
| Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States | English | Articles pertaining to science, economics, and American authors. The 1899 edition is available online | Free |
| Diplopedia | English | US State Department internal encyclopedic wiki, available for diplomats and overseas US agents to use | Access only through the State Department |
| dKosopedia | English | Political encyclopedia written from a progressive/liberal Democratic point of view | Free |
| Encyclopedia Titanica | English | Encyclopedia related to the building and sinking of the RMS Titanic | Free |
| Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential | English | Presents articles on perceived human problems | Free |
| Gapminder | English | Historical global trends in health, poverty, and demographics | Free |
| glbtq.com | English | Gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer culture. | Free |
| HistoryLink | English | Articles on the history of Washington State | Free |
| Holocaust Encyclopedia | English, Arabic, Persian, French, Spanish | Holocaust-related articles, published by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum | Free |
| JurisPedia | Arabic, English, Chinese, French, German, Spanish, Dutch | An academic encyclopedia on the concepts of law | Free |
| Our World in Data | English | Global trends on economic growth, poverty, health, war, violence, education and demographics | Free |
Religion and theology
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Western Theology | English | Articles on Western Christian theology | Free, public domain |
| Catholic Encyclopedia | English | Topics relating to Catholicism, text from 1913 and 1922 | Free, public domain |
| Christian Cyclopedia | English | Collection of historical and theological information | Free |
| Easton's Bible Dictionary | English | Articles on Christianity and theology | Free, public domain |
| Encyclopaedia Biblica | English | Contains articles pertaining to "the Literary, Political and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible" | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Mormonism | English | Articles by Mormon academics on history and doctrine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). | Free |
| Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online | English | Topics relating to Anabaptism and Mennonites | Free |
| The Jewish Encyclopedia | English | Topics relating to Judaism | Free |
| Jewish Virtual Library | English | Portals to essential Jewish topics | Free |
| Punjabipedia | Punjabi | Entries on Sikhism | Subscription |
| Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge | English | Christian, published 1908–1914 | Free, public domain |
Science and technology
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Encyclopedia Astronautica | English | Contains articles on the subject of space exploration and astronomy | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Earth | English | Articles on the Earth and its ecosystems | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Science | English | A-to-Z of science (and technology, mathematics, philosophy, etc.) maintained and updated daily by astronomer and author David Darling | Free |
| Engineering and Technology History Wiki | English | The history of technology, a partnership between the United Engineering Foundation, and the AIChE, AIME, ASCE, ASME, IEEE, SPE, and SWE | Free |
| Free On-line Dictionary of Computing | English | Computing and related subjects | Free |
| Glottopedia | English | Linguistics | Free |
| Javapedia | English | Coverage of all topics related to the Java platform | Free |
| Omniglot | English | Covers languages and writing systems. | Free |
| RP Photonics Encyclopedia | English | Laser technology, photonics, and related areas such as optical fibers and ultrashort pulses. | Free |
| ScienceWorld | English | Covers astronomy, scientific biography, chemistry, and physics. Like MathWorld, it is edited by Eric Weisstein. | Free |
Life sciences
| Site | Language | Description | Access |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animal Diversity Web | English | Student wiki-type database at the University of Michigan of animal natural history, distribution, classification, and conservation biology. | Free |
| APpedia | Chinese | Contains articles on the subject of general animal protection | Free |
| ARKive | English | Visual and audio recordings of the world's species | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Life | English, French | Seeks to categorize all 1.8 million known species on the planet | Free |
| Encyclopedia of Life Sciences | English | Biology related articles | Subscription |
| Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems | English | Articles about the natural and social sciences | Subscription |
| Erowid | English | Information about psychoactive substances | Free |
| FishBase | English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Chinese (Simplified Han), Chinese (Traditional Han), Greek, Swedish, Russian, Persian, Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, Hindi, Bengali |
Articles on fish species | Free |
| Flora Europaea | English | Covers different plant species | Free |
| Ganfyd | English | Medical content | Defunct |
| King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Arabic Health Encyclopedia | Arabic, English | Health encyclopedia | Free |
| Palaeos | English | Covers palaeontology | Free |
| The Plant List | English | Covers Flora | Free |
| Radiopaedia | English | Articles on medical imaging used in radiology and radiography | Free |
| Wikispecies | English | Seeks to create a catalogue of all living things | Free |
| ZipcodeZoo | English | Encyclopedia of all living things | Free |
See also
References
- Anderson, Nate (2007-03-05). "Conservapedia hopes to "fix" Wikipedia's "liberal bias"". Retrieved 2019-04-05.
- Stöcker, Christian (2007-03-06). "The Lord's Encyclopedia". Retrieved 2019-06-08.
- James, Andrea (12 June 2017). "Can Everipedia remake collaborative encyclopedias to be inclusive and enjoyable?". Boing Boing.
- Lee, Elaine (22 March 2016). "Wharton dropout creates Wikipedia alternative alongside Rap Genius co-founder". The Daily Pennsylvanian.
- In UK, can normally be accessed free via a local library
- Bruenig, Elizabeth (11 August 2017). "Why is millennial humor so weird?". Washington Post.
- Manning, Allee (31 December 2016). "The Darkest, Dankest Year In Memes". Vocativ.
- Stargate Wiki
- Charles Davis (May 30, 2018). "Sloppy Sourcing Plagues". The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
- Keeler, Mary; Johnson, Josh; Majumdar, Arun. "Crowdsourced Knowledge: Peril and Promise for Complex Knowledge Systems" (PDF). p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
External links
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| People | |
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