List of extraterrestrial orbiters

List of extraterrestrial orbiters is a listing of spacecraft that achieved an extraterrestrial orbit.

Sun
Main article: List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit

First artificial object on heliocentric orbit was Luna 1 (1959).

Mercury
Mission Country/Agency Orbital insertion Current Status Notes
MESSENGER USA 18 March 2011 Deliberately crashed into surface 30 April 2015. Impact probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček. First Mercury orbiter

Venus
Mission Country/Agency Orbital insertion Current Status Notes
Venera 9 USSR 22 October 1975 First Venus orbiter
Venera 10 USSR 23 October 1975
Pioneer Venus Orbiter USA 4 December 1978 Contact lost 8 October 1992; atmospheric entry disintegration on 22 October 1992.
Venera 15 USSR 10 October 1983 Contact lost July 1984
Venera 16 USSR 11 October 1983 Contact lost July 1984
Magellan USA 7 August 1990 Deliberately deorbited into Venus' atmosphere. Contact lost 13 October 1994.
Venus Express ESA 11 April 2006 Mission ended December 2014
Akatsuki Japan 7 December 2015 Active

Moon
The Apollo 17 CSM seen in lunar orbit from the ascent stage of the Lunar Module
Mission Country/Agency Orbital insertion Current status Notes
Luna 10[1] USSR 3 April 1966 Contact lost 30 May 1966 First moon orbiter
Lunar Orbiter 1 USA 14 August 1966 Impacted lunar surface 29 October 1966 First U.S. extraterrestrial orbiter
Luna 11[2] USSR 27 August 1966 1 October 1966
Luna 12 USSR 25 October 1966 19 January 1967
Lunar Orbiter 2 USA Launched 6 November 1966 Impacted lunar surface 11 October 1967
Lunar Orbiter 3 USA 8 February 1967 Impacted lunar surface 9 October 1967
Lunar Orbiter 4 USA Launched 4 May 1967 Contact lost 17 July 1967, impacted lunar surface 6 October 1967
Explorer 35 USA Launched 19 July 1967 Deactivated 24 June 1973; impacted lunar surface in the middle to late 1970s
Lunar Orbiter 5 USA 5 August 1967 Deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 January 1968
Luna 14 USSR 10 April 1968
Luna 19 USSR 2 October 1971 Mission terminated 20 October 1972
Explorer 49 USA Launched 10 June 1973 Contact lost August 1977
Luna 22 USSR 2 June 1974 Mission terminated November 1975
Apollo 8 USA Launched 21 December 1968; entered orbit after 69 hrs Left orbit after 10 orbits; splashdown on Earth First crewed lunar orbit
Apollo 10 USA Launched 18 May 1969 Left orbit 26 May 1969
Apollo 11 USAJuly 19, 1969July 21, 1969; Lunar module ascent stage abandoned in orbit, impact site unknownHuman Moon landing
Apollo 12 USANovember 18, 1969November 21, 1969Human Moon landing
Apollo 14 USAFebruary 4, 1971February 7, 1971Human Moon landing
Apollo 15 USAJuly 29, 1971August 4, 1971Human Moon landing
Apollo 15 subsatellite (PFS-1) USAAugust 4, 1971January 1973
Apollo 16 USAApril 19, 1972April 25, 1972; Lunar module ascent stage abandoned in orbit, impact site unknownHuman Moon landing
Apollo 16 subsatellite (PFS-2) USAApril 24, 1972May 29, 1972
Apollo 17 USADecember 11, 1972December 14, 1972Human Moon landing
Hiten and Hagoromo Japan Hiten: 15 February 1993 Hiten was deliberately deorbited and impacted the lunar surface 10 April 1993 First Japanese lunar orbiter
Clementine USA Launched 25 January 1994 Left lunar orbit and entered heliocentric orbit; contact lost June 1994
Lunar Prospector USA Launched 7 January 1998 Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 July 1999
SMART-1 ESA 11 November 2004 Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 3 September 2006
SELENE (Kaguya, Okina & Ouna) Japan 3 October 2007 Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 10 June 2009
Chang'e 1 PRC 5 November 2007 Deliberately deorbited 1 March 2009; impacted the Moon's surface. First Chinese lunar orbiter
Chang'e 2 PRC 6 October 2010 Left lunar orbit 8 June 2011; currently in deep-space orbit
Chandrayaan-1 India 8 November 2008 deliberately crashed into lunar surface.impact probe remained operational for a few days.Contact lost 29 August 2009.This mission was the one in which water molecules were traced for the first time making it historic. First Indian lunar orbiter
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter[3] USA 23 June 2009 Active
ARTEMIS P1 USA 2 July 2011 Active
ARTEMIS P2[4] USA 17 July 2011 Active
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) USA 31 December 2011 / 1 January 2012 Both spacecraft were deliberately deorbited and impacted on the lunar surface 17 December 2012
LADEE USA 6 October 2013 Deliberately deorbited 18 April 2014
Chang'e 3 PRC 6 December 2013 Landed on lunar surface 14 December 2013 First Chinese lunar landing
Chang'e 5-T1 PRC 13 January 2015
Chang'e 4 PRC 12 December 2018 Landed on lunar surface 3 January 2019. The Queqiao relay satellite was placed in a Earth-moon L2 halo orbit. First lunar far-side landing
Beresheet Israel 4 April 2019 Crashed onto lunar surface 11 April 2019 If it were successful, I would have been the first private lunar lander.
Chandrayaan-2 India 20 August 2019 Orbiter is active. The Vikram lander lost contact 2.1km from the lunar surface, and was subsequently destroyed.[5] It was originally thought that Vikram had survived the impact, and ISRO continued trying to contact the lander until the lunar night.[6]

Mars
See also: List of Mars orbiters
Mission Country/Agency Orbital insertion Current Status Notes
Mariner 9 USA 14 November 1971 Deactivated 27 October 1972. In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2022.[7] First spacecraft to orbit another planet
Mars 2 orbiter USSR 27 November 1971 [8] Mission terminated 22 August 1972; spacecraft in derelict orbit First Soviet spacecraft to orbit Mars
Mars 3 orbiter USSR 2 December 1971[8]
Mars 5 orbiter[9] USSR 12 February 1974
Viking 1 orbiter USA 19 June 1976 Mission terminated 17 August 1980, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit.
Viking 2 orbiter USA 7 August 1976 Mission terminated 25 July 1978, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit.
Phobos 2[10] USSR 29 January 1989 Contact lost 27 March 1989
Mars Global Surveyor USA 11 September 1997 Contact lost 2 November 2006; mission officially ended January 2007
2001 Mars Odyssey USA 24 October 2001 Active Longest-surviving, continuously active spacecraft in orbit around another planet
Mars Express ESA 20 December 2003 Active
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter USA 10 March 2006 Active
MAVEN USA 22 September 2014 Active
Mars Orbiter Mission ISRO 24 September 2014 Active India's first interplanetary mission
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter ESA 19 October 2016 Active Carried Schiaparelli EDM lander

Minor planets and comets
Mission Country/Agency Object Orbital insertion Current Status Notes
NEAR Shoemaker USA 433 Eros 14 February 2000 (Valentine's Day) Landed 12 February 2001 on the surface of Eros. First spacecraft to orbit an asteroid
Dawn USA 4 Vesta 16 July 2011 Left Vesta orbit 5 September 2012
Dawn USA Ceres 9 March 2015 Mission concluded 1 November 2018 First spacecraft to achieve orbit around two separate objects and to orbit a dwarf planet.
Rosetta ESA 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko 6 August 2014 On 30 September 2016, ended its mission by landing on the comet in its Ma'at region. First spacecraft to orbit a comet. Philae lander module successfully landed on 12 November 2014
OSIRIS-REx USA 101955 Bennu 31 December 2018 Active Smallest body to be orbited by spacecraft and closest ever orbit[11][12]

Jupiter
Mission Country/Agency Orbital insertion Current Status Notes
Galileo USA 8 December 1995 Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Jupiter's atmosphere 21 September 2003 First Jupiter orbiter
Juno USA 4 July 2016 Active

Saturn
Mission Country/Agency Orbital insertion Current Status Notes
Cassini-Huygens USA /
ESA		 1 July 2004 Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Saturn's atmosphere 15 September 2017 First Saturn orbiter

References
  1. NSSDC - Luna 10
  2. NSSDC - Luna 11
  3. Where is LRO?
  4. Hendrix, Susan. "Second ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. NASA.
  5. Chang, Kenneth (2019-12-06). "A Billion Pixels and the Search for India's Crashed Moon Lander". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  6. Sep 9, PTI | Updated; 2019; Ist, 16:23. "Chandrayaan-2: Isro, not losing hope, continues to make all-out efforts to restore link with lander 'Vikram' | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2019-09-09.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9 Archived 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine, November 29, 2011 — Vol. 4, Issue 9
  8. "NASA Mars log". Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  9. Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes
  10. Encyclopedia Astronautica Fobos 1F Archived 2011-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
  11. "NASA'S OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Arrives at Asteroid Bennu". NASA. 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
  12. "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission Breaks Another Orbit Record". NASA. 2019-06-13. Retrieved 2019-06-22.

See also
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