List of epics in the Kannada language

This is a list of available epics in the Kannada language (also called purana, in prose or poem), a South Indian Dravidian language. Based on his research, the Kannada scholar L.S. Sheshagiri Rao claims that starting with the earliest available epic Adipurana by Pampa (939 C.E), Kannada writers have created a rich and active epic tradition. S.S. Bhusanurematha's Bhavyamanava (1983) is the latest in that tradition.[1] Based on medieval Kannada literary sources, the Indologist Anthony Warder claims there were Kannada versions of the Ramayana and Mahabharata prior to 941 C.E., and Kavya (or Mahakavya, epic poems) such as Karnataka Kumarasambhava by Asaga (c. 850).[2] According to the Kannada scholar R. Narasimhacharya, Chandraprabhapurana by Sri Vijaya, (court poet of King Amoghavarsha I) dates to the early 9th century.[3] This list is by no means exhaustive. In addition to the epics listed here, there are numerous epics written 'in part' (called khanda or mahatmaya) starting with the part rendering of the Skanda-purana by Kumarapadmarasa in c. 1180.[4] According to Rao,

Though it followed the Sanskrit tradition of the Mahakavya and drew its material from Sanskrit works, even in the earliest stages, the Kannada epic was neither derivative nor imitative. It has developed the Valmiki and the Vyasa traditions in its own distinctive ways, and has, in the Jain and Virashaiva epics, presented new pictures of human greatness and destiny. In the pre-modern period, Kannada produced at least two works - Pampa Bharata (c.941) and Kumaravyasa Bharata (c.1425) - which can rank among the epics of the world.[5]

Main article: Kannada literature

The list
Famous epics in the Kannada language
Faith Epic Author Year (A.D.) Patron
Jainism Adipurana[3][6][7]Adikavi Pampa939Rashtrakuta Empire
SecularVikramarjuna Vijaya (Pampa Bharatha)[3][6][7]Adikavi Pampa941Rashtrakuta Empire
JainismShantipurana[3][6][8]Sri Ponna950Rashtrakuta Empire
JainismTrisastilaksanamahapurana[3][6][9]Chamundaraya978Western Ganga Dynasty
JainismAjitapurana[3][6][7]Ranna993Western Chalukya Empire
SecularSaahasabhima Vijaya (Gadayuddha)[3][6][7]Ranna1000Western Chalukya Empire
JainismVaradhamanapurana[10][11]Nagavarma II1042Western Chalukya Empire
JainismMallinathapurana[7][12][13]Nagachandra1105Hoysala Empire
JainismRamachandracharitapurana[7][12][13]Nagachandra1105Hoysala Empire
ShaivismGirijakalyana[14][15][16]Harihara1160Hoysala Empire
JainismNeminathapurana[7][16][17]Nemichandra1170Hoysala Empire
VaishnavismJagannathavijaya[14][16][18]Rudrabhatta1180Hoysala Empire
JainismChandraprabhapurana[16][19]Aggala1189Hoysala Empire
JainismVaradhamanapurana[19][20]Achanna1195Yadavas of Devagiri
JainismYashodharacharite[7][16][21]Janna1209Hoysala Empire
SecularHarishchandrakavya[14][16][22]Raghavanka1220Hoysala Empire
ShaivismSiddharamapurana[14][22][23]Raghavanka1220Hoysala Empire
ShaivismSomanathacharite[22][24]Raghavanka13th centuryHoysala Empire
ShaivismViresvara Charita[22][24]Raghavanka13th centuryHoysala Empire
JainismAnanthanathapurana[7][16][25]Janna1230Hoysala Empire
JainismPushpadantapurana[16][19][26]Gunavarma II1235Hoysala Empire
JainismSantisvarapurana[19][20]Kamalabhava1235Yadavas of Devagiri
JainismNeminathapurana[19][27]Mahabalakavi1254Hoysala Empire
JainismKumudendu Ramayana[25][28][29]Kumudendu1275Hoysala Empire
JainismPurvapurana (Adipurana)[30][31]Hastimalla13th centuryHoysala Empire
ShaivismBasavapurana[22][29][32]Bhima Kavi1369Vijayanagara Empire
JainismDharmanathapurana[33][34]Madhura1385Vijayanagara Empire
SecularPadmaraja purana[35][36]Padmananka1385Vijayanagara Empire
VaishnavismGadugina Bharata (Kumaravyasa Bharata)[14][18][37]Kumaravyasa, Timmanna Kavi1425, 1510Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismPrabhulingaleele[14][37][38]Chamarasa1425Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismSingirajapurana (Mala-Basavarajacharita)[38][39]Singiraja1500Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismSaundara purana[39][40]Bommarasa15th centuryVijayanagara Empire
ShaivismRevanasiddhesvara Purana[39][40][41]Chaturmukha Bommarasa1500Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismTrisashti puratanara charite (Lingapurana)[37][42]Surangakavi1500Vijayanagara Empire
VaishnavismTorave Ramayana[37][43][44]Kumara Valmiki (Narahari)1500Vijayanagara Empire
JainismNemi-Jinesa purana[33][45]Manjarasa III1508Vijayanagara Empire
JainismShantinathapurana[33]Santikirti1519Vijayanagara Empire
VaishnavismBhagavatha purana[44][46][47]Chatu Vitthalanatha1520Vijayanagara Empire
SecularRamanatha Charite (Kumararama Charite)[32][37]Nanjunda Kavi1525Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismVirasaivamritapurana[37][48]Mallanarya of Gubbi1530Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismMahadevi Akkanapurana[37][48]Chennabasavanka16th centuryVijayanagara Empire
JainismSalva Bharata[34][49][50]Salva1550Vijayanagara Empire
VaishnavismRamavijayacharitra[28]Devappa Kavi1550Vijayanagara Empire
JainismChandraprabhapurana[33][51]Doddayya1550Vijayanagara Empire
JainismBharatesha Vaibhava[32][34][52]Ratnakaravarni1557Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismSiddhesvarapurana[18][39]Virakta Tontadarya1560Vijayanagara Empire
JainismChandraprabhapurana[33]Doddananka1578Vijayanagara Empire
ShaivismChannabasavapurana[32][38][52]Virupaksha Pandita1584Vijayanagara Empire
VaishnavismChamarajokti Vilasa(Ramayana)[53][54]King Chamaraja Wodeyar V1617-1637Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismAdvita Ramayana[55]Nijagunarya1650Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismBhagavatgita[56][57][58]Nagarasa of Pandharpur1650
VaishnavismMarkandeya Ramayana[59][60]Timmarasa1650Mysore Kingdom
SecularRajashekara Vilasa[61][62][63]Shadaksharadeva1655Mysore Kingdom
ShaivismBasavarajavijaya (Vrishabhendra Vijaya)[32][61][63]Shadaksharadeva1671Mysore Kingdom
ShaivismShabarashankara Vilasa[61][63][64]Shadaksharadeva1671Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismVishnupurana[61][65][66]Chikkaupadhyaya1672Mysore Kingdom
JainismRamachandra Charitre[67][68]Chandrashekara, Padmanabha1700Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismJaiminibharata[32][44][61]Lakshmisha1700Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismRamabhyudaya-Kathakusumamanjari[59][68][69]Timmamatya (Timmarya)1700Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismBharata[59][68]Lakshmakavi1728Mysore Kingdom
ShaivismLingapurana[42]Kalale Nanjaraja1732Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismRamayana[70][71]Venkamatya1770Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismKaushika Ramayana[70][72]Bathaleshvara1770Mysore Kingdom
VaishnavismShankara Ramayana[73]Timmanna18th centuryMysore Kingdom
VaishnavismAdhyatma Ramayana[73]Shankaranarayana18th centuryMysore Kingdom
VaishnavismMulabala Ramayana[73]Haridasa18th centuryMysore Kingdom
JainismJinaramayana[28][74][75]Chandrasagaravarni1810Princely Mysore
JainismRamakathavatara[28][74][76]Devachandra~1838Princely Mysore
SecularSangoli Rayana Dange (folk)[77][78]John Faithfull Fleet1874Bombay Presidency
VaishnavismAdbhuta Ramayana (prose)[72][79][80]Muddanna1885Princely Mysore
VaishnavismShri Ramashwamedha(prose)[81][82]Muddanna1896Princely Mysore
VaishnavismMahabharata (prose)[83]Alasingrachar1912Princely Mysore
VaishnavismRamayana (prose)[84]Alasingrachar1912Princely Mysore
VaishnavismMahabharata (prose)[83]V.K.Galaganatha1933Princely Mysore
VaishnavismSri Ramayana Darshanam[32][81][85]Kuvempu1949Princely Mysore
VaishnavismVachanabharata (prose)[86]A.R.Krishnashastry1950Princely Mysore
VaishnavismRamayana (prose)[84]V. Sitaram Shastri1960Mysore state, India
VaishnavismRamavatara (prose)[84]S. Krishna Sharma1965Mysore state, India
VaishnavismSriramapattabhisheka[32][81][87]Masti Venkatesha Iyengar1972Mysore state, India
SecularBharatasindhu rashmi[88][89]V.K. Gokak1982Karnataka state, India
SecularBhavyamanava[88]S.S.Bhusanurematha1983Karnataka state, India
Extinct epics in the Kannada language known from quotes and references by later writers
Faith Epic Author Year Patron
Jainism Chandraprabhapurana[90]Srivijayaearly 9th centuryRashtrakuta Empire
Jainism Karnata Kumarasambhava[91][92][93]Asaga853Rashtrakuta Empire
Jainism Harivamsha (Neminathapurana)[91][93][94][95]Gunavarma I900Western Ganga Dynasty
Jainism Shudraka[91][93][94][95]Gunavarma I900Western Ganga Dynasty
Secular Bhuvanaika-Ramabhyudaya (Ramakatha)[6][8][96]Sri Ponna950Rashtrakuta Empire
JainismParasurama Charita[6][97]Ranna980-990Western Ganga Dynasty
JainismChakreshvara Charita[6][98]Ranna980-990Western Ganga Dynasty
ShaivismHariharamahatva[22][24]Raghavankaearly 13th centuryHoysala Empire
ShaivismSharabacharite[22][24]Raghavankaearly 13th centuryHoysala Empire

See also

Notes
  1. Rao in Datta (1988), pp1180-1183, chapter-Epic(Kannada)
  2. Warder (1988), p240, pp247-248
  3. Narasimhacharya (1988), p18
  4. Parameshwaranand (2001), vol 4 (M-R), pp1059-1074, p1061
  5. Rao in Datta (1988), p1183
  6. Sastri (1955), p356
  7. Rao in Datta (1988), p1180, chapter-Epic(Kannada)
  8. Mukherjee (1999), p291
  9. Parameshwaranand (2001), p674, vol3 (I-L)
  10. Pollock (2006), p. 340, p. 349
  11. Nagaraj (2003), p. 327
  12. Sastri (1955), pp357–358
  13. Narasimhacharya (1988), p19
  14. Rao in Datta (1988), p1181, chapter-Epic(Kannada)
  15. Sastri (1955), pp361–362
  16. Narasimhacharya, (1988), p20
  17. Sastri (1955), p358
  18. Sastri (1955), p364
  19. Rice, E.P. (1921), p43
  20. Kamath (1980), pp143-144
  21. Sastri (1955), pp358–359
  22. Sastri (1955), p362
  23. Rice E.P. (1921), pp60-61
  24. Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 207
  25. Sastri (1955), p359
  26. Mukherjee (1999), p301
  27. Joesph P.M. (1997), Jainism in South India, p260, ISBN 8185692238
  28. Moily (2010), p4, introduction
  29. Narasimhacharya (1988), p21
  30. Singh (2001), p. 975
  31. Rocher Ludo, History of Indian Literature-The Puranas, vol 2, p76, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1986
  32. Rao in Datta (1988), p1182, chapter-Epic(Kannada)
  33. Rice E.P.(1921), p.46
  34. Sastri (1955), p360
  35. Narasimhacharya (1988), p.21
  36. Kotraiah in Sinaoli (2003), p131
  37. Narasimhacharya (1988), p22
  38. Sastri (1955), p363
  39. Narasimacharya (1988), p22
  40. Puranik in Mohan Lal (1992), p4003
  41. Rice E.P. (1921), p69
  42. Parameshwaranand (2001), Volume 4 (M-R), p1063
  43. Richman (2008), p17
  44. Sastri (1955), p365
  45. Sharma, Sita Ram (1992), p17, Encyclopaedia of teaching languages in India, New Delhi : Anmol Publications
  46. Rice (1921), p79
  47. Parmeshwaranand (2001), Volume 4 (M-R), p1064
  48. Puranic, Siddya in Mohan Lal (1992), p4004
  49. Shiva Prakash in Ayyappapanicker (1997), p212
  50. Rice E.P. (1921), p47
  51. Joesph P.M. (1997), Jainism in South India, p287, ISBN 8185692238
  52. Narasimhacharya (1988), p23
  53. Parameshwaranand (2001), Volume 4 (M-R), p1060
  54. Kamath (1980), p227
  55. Krishnamoorthy & Mukhopadhyay (1991), p96
  56. Puranik in Mohan Lal (1992), p4004
  57. Mukherjee (1999), p.165
  58. Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 24
  59. Rice E.P. (1921), p92
  60. I M Muthanna (1977), p216, Karnataka, history, administration & culture, Bangalore, Lotus Printers
  61. Narasimhacharya (1988), p24
  62. Rice E.P. (1921), p84
  63. Yaravintelimath in Mohan Lal (1992), p3934
  64. Sahitya Akademi (1987), p.620
  65. Parameshwaranand (2001), Volume 4 (M-R), p1061
  66. Rice E.P. (1921), p91
  67. Rice E.P. (1921), p93
  68. Narasimhacharya (1988), p25
  69. Krishnamoorthy & Mukhopadhyay (1991), p97
  70. Brockington (1998), p501
  71. Krishnamoorthy & Mukhopadhyay (1991), p98
  72. Ashton and Christie (1977), p27
  73. Śrīhari, Caurirācan̲, Gōpālakrṣṇa (2003), p245, chapter-Ramayanas in Kannada literature
  74. Narasimhacharya (1988), p26
  75. Krishnamoorthy & Mukhopadhyay (1991), p92
  76. Sinha (2013), p186
  77. Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp168
  78. Prashad (2001), page xiii, chapter-Kannada folk epics, a profile
  79. Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp170
  80. Krishnamoorthy & Mukhopadhyay (1991), p94
  81. Moily (2010), p5, introduction
  82. Murthy in K.M. George (1992), p170
  83. Krishnamoorthy in Amaresh Datta (1987), p37
  84. Krishnamoorthy in Amaresh Datta (1987), p39
  85. Murthy in K.M. George (1992), p174
  86. Krishnamoorthy in Amaresh Datta (1987), p38
  87. Murthy in K.M. George (1992), p178
  88. Rao in Datta (1988), p1183, chapter-Epic(Kannada)
  89. K.M. George (1992), p672
  90. Narasimhacharya (1988), pp.17-18
  91. Dash & Pattanaik in Paul St-Pierre & Prafulla C. Kar, (2007), p.167
  92. Warder A.K. (1988), p.241
  93. Sahitya Akademi (1987), pp618-619
  94. Warder A.K. (1988), p240
  95. Rice E.P. (1921), p30
  96. Garg (1992), p67
  97. Kamath (1980), p114
  98. Kamath (1980), p45

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