List of domesticated animals

This page gives a list of domestic animals,[1] also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.

Archaeozoology has identified three classes of animal domesticates:

  1. Pets (dogs, cats, guinea pigs, etc.)
  2. Livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.)
  3. Beasts of burden (horses, camels, donkeys, etc.)[2]

To sort the tables chronologically by date of domestication, refresh your browser window, as clicking the Date column heading will mix CE and BCE dates.

Domesticated animals
Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin Purposes Image Degree and type of domestication Extent in wild vs captivity Taxon group
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)[3] Extinct Pleistocene population of Gray wolf (Canis lupus spp.)[4] 13000 BCE[5][6] China,[7][8][9]

Europe[6]

 Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, patrol, fibre, truffle harvesting, education, therapy Tame (with exceptions),[10] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[10] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare 1c Carnivora
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10000 BCE[11][12][13] Iran milk, meat, fibre, skin, vellum, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control, manure, lawn mowing Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common 1b Bovidae
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[14] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[15] 9000 BCE[16][17][18][19] China, Western Asia meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffle harvesting, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas. 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Sheep (Ovis aries)[3] Unknown ancestor,[20] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[21][22] Anatolia, Zagros mountains fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control, hides, manure Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Cattle (Bos taurus)[3][23][24] Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† 8000 BCE[25][26] China,[27] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control, lawn mowing Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common 1b Bovidae
Zebu (Bos taurus indicus)[3] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount, lawn mowing Considerable physical changes Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity 1b Bovidae
Cat (Felis catus)[3] African wildcat (Felis lybica)[28] 8000–7500 BCE[28] Near East pets, meat, pest control, show, pelt, research Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common. 1c Carnivora
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[29] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in captivity and the wild 2b Galliformes
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE Peru pets, meat, show, racing, research, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and the wild 1d Rodentia
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis)[30] 5000 BCE[31][32] Egypt transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered, 1e Other mammals
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3] Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, Philippines working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, horns, patrol, dung, lawn mowing Mainly unchanged from wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata),[33] Cauca molly (P. caucana), Amazon molly (P. formosa), Sailfin molly (P. latipinna), Shortfin molly (P. mexicana), Liberty molly (P. salvatoris), Common molly (P. sphenops), Yucatan molly (P. velifera) and Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), Cauca molly (P. caucana), Amazon molly (P. formosa), Sailfin molly (P. latipinna), Shortfin molly (P. mexicana), Liberty molly (P. salvatoris), Common molly (P. sphenops), Yucatan molly (P. velifera) and Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) Date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, Guyana, Mexico, El Salvador, Venezuela pets, research, bait Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. Common in captivity 5b Other fish
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)[34] Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)†[35] 4000 BCE Arabia transportation, hunting, mount, show, milk, meat, pets, urine Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Horse (Equus ferus caballus) Extinct unknown population of Wild horse possibly Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus)†[36] 3500 BCE[37] Kazakhstan transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure, lawn mowing, weed control Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets, Tame/held captive, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear 6b Other insects
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE Mediterranean Basin show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets, manure Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes
Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Swan goose (A. cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides.[38] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity and the wild 2a Anseriformes
Yak (Bos grunniens)[3] Wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, show, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild. 1b Bovidae
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) milk, transportation, hunting, mount, show, meat, milk, hair, pets, dung Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Llama (Lama glama)[3] Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[39] 2400 BCE[40] Peru, Bolivia transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre, manure, lawn mowing Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)[3] Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis)[39] 2400 BCE[40] Peru, Bolivia fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris) West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[41] Africa meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure Mainly unaltered from wild population Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 2b Galliformes
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) Date uncertain[42] Argentina, Chile hunting, pets, warmth, guarding Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity 1c Carnivora
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[43] Europe pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare 1c Carnivora
Domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) 700–600 BCE[40] South America meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control, manure Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations are rare 2a Anseriformes
Barbary dove (Streptopelia risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa show, pets, meat Slight physical changes Common in captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) Date uncertain Southeast Asia, Bali meat, milk, show, working, plowing, draft, horns, dung Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3] Gaur (Bos gaurus) Date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns, dung Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[40] Mexico meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure Considerable physical changes Common in captivity and wild 2b Galliformes
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Wild goldfish (Carassius auratus)[44] 300 CE to 400 CE China pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control Tame/held captive, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[45] 600 CE[46] Europe pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control, manure Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) 11th Century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) 15th century CE Canary Islands, Europe pets, research, show, mining, fighting Slight physical changes Common in captivity and wild 2d Passeriformes
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[47] Japan pets, research, show Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) 1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe)[48] China pets, research, racing, animal feed Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity and in the wild 1d Rodentia
Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) 19th century CE[49] United Kingdom pets, research, show Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in captivity and in the wild 1d Rodentia
Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus)[50] American mink (Neovison vison) 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets
Some physical and psychological changes Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 1c Carnivora
Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) 1950s CE Soviet Union, Russia pelt, research, pets Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora
Domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) 1980s CE Central and Eastern Africa pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals
Domestic skunk (Mephitis mephitis) Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) 19th century North America pets, pest control Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild 1c Carnivora

Tame and partially domesticated animals

Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what precisely constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also species that are extensively used or kept as pets by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Most animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild animals by their extensive interactions with humans. Many could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans.

Species and subspeciesWild ancestorDateLocation of originPurposeImageDegree and type of domesticationExtent in wild vs captivityTaxon group
Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), Sri Lankan elephant (E. m. maximus), Sumatran elephant (E. m. sumatranus), Borneo elephant (E. m. borneensis) Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), Sri Lankan elephant (E. m. maximus), Sumatran elephant (E. m. sumatranus), Borneo elephant (E. m. bornennsis)[51] 2000 BC (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus and E. m. borneensis) India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Borneo mount, working, transportation, hunting, show, racing, fighting, worship, patrol, dung Semidomesticated (Captured from wild and tamed) 1e Other mammals
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) 3000 BCE Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia)[52], China, Mongolia meat, milk, transportation, mount, hides, leather, antlers Semidomesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)[53] Date uncertain Southern Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)† Arabian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[54] Date uncertain Mesopotamia meat, feathers, eggs, sacrifice Extinct in captivity and in the wild 2f Other birds
Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) Date uncertain Middle East, Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas) Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[55] Date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[56] Date uncertain Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Kri-kri (Capra aegagrus cretica) Kri-kri (Capra aegagrus cretica)[57] Date uncertain Crete meat, horns, skins Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) Scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah) 2320–2150 BCE Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifice Held/tame in captivity Small captive population, but nearly extinct in wild 1b Bovidae
Serval (Leptailurus serval) Serval (Leptailurus serval)[58] Date uncertain Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Caracal (Caracal caracal) Caracal (Caracal caracal)[59] Date uncertain Egypt, India, Southern Africa hunting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii), Asiatic cheetah (A. j. venaticus) and Southeast African cheetah (A. j. jubatus) Northeast African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii), Asiatic cheetah (A. j. venaticus) and Southeast African cheetah (A. j. jubatus)[60][61] Date uncertain Egypt, India, Middle East, South Africa hunting, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† Date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifice Extinct in captivity and in the wild 1b Bovidae
Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)† Syrian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemippus)†[62] Date uncertain Mesopotamia draught Extinct in captivity and in the wild 1e Other mammals
Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)[63][64][65][66] Date uncertain Kazakhstan mount, milk, meat Held/tame in captivity 1e Other animals
Wood duck (Aix sponsa) Wood duck (Aix sponsa) Date uncertain North America meat, ornamental, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) Pre-modern China (date uncertain) China ornamental, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) Date uncertain Egypt meat, eggs, ornamental, guarding, pets, feathers Held/tame in captivity common in captivity, feral populations very common 2a Anseriformes
Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) Ancient Egypt (Date uncertain) Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[67] 5000 BCE China pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common (Genetta genetta), Cape (G. tigrina), Pardine (G. pardina) and Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) Common (Genetta genetta),[68] Cape (G. tigrina), Pardine (G. pardina) and Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) Date uncertain Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Chinese honey bee (Apis cerana cerana), Indian honey bee (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bee (A. c. japonica) Chinese honey bee (Apis cerana cerana), Indian honey bee (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bee (A. c. japonica) Date uncertain South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China honey, pollination, wax Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Fallow deer (Dama dama) Fallow deer (Dama dama) 1000 BCE Mediterranean Basin meat, hides, antlers, pets Semidomesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)[69][70] 800 BC Europe, Asia bloodletting, surgery, therapy, pets, research, saliva Captive bred 7 Other animals
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) 700–500 BC[40] Chile, Peru, Mexico dye Held/tame in captivity Very common in the wild 6b Other insects
Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and Green peafowl (P. muticus) Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and Green peafowl (P. muticus) 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) India, Java show, feathers, meat, ornamental, pets, guarding, pest control Held/tame in captivity Fairly common in the wild 2b Galliformes
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) kept in Ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain Greece pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Indian rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeet (P. k. krameri) Indian rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) and African rose-ringed parakeet (P. k. krameri) Classical antiquity (Date uncertain) West Africa, India pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) including subspecies Caspian red deer (C. e. maral), Norwegian red deer (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) Red deer (Cervus elaphus)[71][72] and appropriate subspecies ~0 CE China, Russia, Europe, United Kingdom, Iran meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers, pets, milk Captive bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Roman snail (Helix pomatia) and Turkish snail (H. lucorum) Roman snail (Helix pomatia) and Turkish snail (H. lucorum) 100 CE (uncertain for H. lucorum) Europe meat, pets, shells, slime, eggs Captive bred 7 Other animals
Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) 180 CE Mexico, Amazon basin honey, wax, pollination, propolis, pets Semidomesticated 6a Hymenoptera
White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) China, Indonesia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton cockatoo (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoo (C. g. eleonora) Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton cockatoo (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoo (C. g. eleonora) Date uncertain Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) including subspecies Citron-crested cockatoo (C. s. citrinocristata) and Timor cockatoo (C. s. parvula) Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Sulawesi, Masalembu Islands, Tukangbesi Islands, Tanah Jampea, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Timor, Lesser Sundas, Sumba pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Japanese (Phalacrocorax capillatus), Neotropic (P. brasilianus) and great cormorant (P. carbo) Japanese (Phalacrocorax capillatus), Neotropic (P. brasilianus) and great cormorant (P. carbo) 960 CE (uncertain for P. brasilianus) Japan, China, Peru fishing Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), Trumpeter swan (C. buccinator), Black-necked swan (C. melancoryphus) and Black swan (C. atratus) Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), Trumpeter swan (C. buccinator), Black-necked swan (C. melancoryphus) and Black swan (C. atratus) Date uncertain Eurasia, North America, South America, Australia meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2a Anseriformes
Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) and Whistling swan (C. c. columbianus) Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) and Whistling swan (C. c. columbianus) Date uncertain Russia, North America ornamental, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2a Anseriformes
Mute swan (Cygnus olor) Mute swan (Cygnus olor) 1000-1500 CE Europe meat, ornamental, feathers, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2a Anseriformes
House cricket (Acheta domesticus) House cricket (Acheta domesticus) 12th century CE Southwestern Asia, China, Japan animal feed, meat, fighting, pets Held in captivity Somewhat common in captivity, very common in wild 6b Other insects
Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quail (C. japonica) Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quail (C. japonica) 1100–1900 CE Eurasia, Japan meat, eggs, pets Domesticated in captivity 2b Galliformes
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 1200–1500 CE Europe, Asia meat, pets, eggs Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), Akbar betta (B. akarensis), Giant betta (B. anabantoides), Slim betta (B. bellica), Toba betta (B. rubra), Spotted betta (B. picta), Krabi mouth-brooding betta (B. simplex), Penang betta (B. pugnax), Peaceful betta (B. imbellis), Emerald green betta (B. smaragdina), Spotfin betta (B. macrostoma), Howong betta (B. unimaculata) Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), Akbar betta (B. akarensis), Giant betta (B. anabantoides), Slim betta (B. bellica), Toba betta (B. rubra), Spotted betta (B. picta), Krabi mouth-brooding betta (B. simplex), Penang betta (B. pugnax), Peaceful betta (B. imbellis), Emerald green betta (B. smaragdina), Spotfin betta (B. macrostoma), Howong betta (B. unimaculata) 19th century CE (uncertain for B. akarensis, B. anabantoides, B. bellica, B. rubra, B. picta, B. simplex, B. pugnax, B. imbellis, B. smaragdina, B. macrostoma, B. unimaculata) Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo fighting, show, pets Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes 5b Other fish
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) China pets Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Javas from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable Threatened in wild 2d Passeriformes
Northern bobwhite (Colinus. virginianus) including subspecies Masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies Masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) Date uncertain United States, Sonora meat, feathers, eggs, pets Captive bred Plumage changes 2b Galliformes
Crested bobwhite (Colinus cristatus) Crested bobwhite (Colinus cristatus) Date uncertain South America meat, eggs, pets Captive bred 2b Galliformes
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) Date uncertain Europe pets, singing Captive bred 2d Passeriformes
Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) and Silver-eared mesia (L. argentauris) Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) and Silver-eared mesia (L. argentauris) Date uncertain China, Japan pets, singing Captive bred 2d Passeriformes
Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) Date uncertain India fighting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus), Emin's pouched rat (C. emini) and Southern giant pouched rat (C. ansorgei) Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus), Emin's pouched rat (C. emini) and Southern giant pouched rat (C. ansorgei) At least 1997[73] but possibly early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini and C. ansorgei) Sub-Saharan Africa meat, pets, landmine detection, TB detection, pest control Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) Date uncertain India pets Easy to tame 1d Rodentia
Black (Francolinus francolinus) and Grey francolin (F. pondicerianus) Black (Francolinus francolinus) and Grey francolin (F. pondicerianus) Date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, pets, fighting Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasant (C. amherstiae) Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasant (C. amherstiae) Date uncertain China ornamental, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Common (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasant (P. versicolor) Common (Phasianus colchicus) and Green pheasant (P. versicolor) Date uncertain Asia, Japan meat, eggs, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Sika deer (Cervus nippon) Sika deer (Cervus nippon)[74] Date uncertain Japan, China, Taiwan meat, antlers, hides, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) including subspecies East African eland (T. o. pattersonianus) and Livingstone's eland (T. o. livingstonii) Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya meat, milk, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
American (Alligator mississippiensis) and Chinese alligator (A. sinensis) American (Alligator mississippiensis)[75] and Chinese alligator (A. sinensis) Date uncertain United States, China pets, meat, hides, teeth, blood Captive bred once uncommon in the wild, captive breeding has led to the species recovering across much of its range 3c Other reptiles
Moose (Alces alces) including subspecies Alaska moose (A. a. gigas) Moose (Alces alces)[76] and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska research, milk, antlers, mount, draft, transportation, working, meat, hides, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostrich (S. c. massaicus) North African (Struthio camelus camelus) and Masai ostrich (S. c. massaicus) Date uncertain North Africa, West Africa, East Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2f Other birds
South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) 19th century South Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2f Other birds
Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) Date uncertain Kenya meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2f Other birds
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) 1850s Australia pets, show, talking bird Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) 1870s Australia pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) Date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Rocky Mountain (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), Roosevelt (C. c. roosevelti), Tule (C. c. nannodes) and Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis); Altai (C. c. sibiricus), Manchurian (C. c. xanthopygus) and Tian Shan wapiti (C. c. songaricus) Rocky Mountain (Cervus canadensis nelsoni), Roosevelt (C. c. roosevelti), Tule (C. c. nannodes) and Manitoban elk (C. c. manitobensis); Altai (C. c. sibiricus), Manchurian (C. c. xanthopygus) and Tian Shan wapiti (C. c. songaricus) Date uncertain North America, Russia, China meat, velvet, hides, leather, antlers, pets Captive bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Stoat (Mustela erminea) Stoat (Mustela erminea) 1800s Eurasia fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
European mink (Mustela lutreola) European mink (Mustela lutreola) 1800s Europe, Russia fur Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Coypu (Myocastor coypus) Coypu (Myocastor coypus) late 19th to early 20th century Argentina fur, meat, aquatic weed control, pets Captive bred 1d Rodentia
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), including subspecies Italian bee (A. m. ligustica), European dark bee (A. m. mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. m. carnica), Caucasian honey bee (A. m. caucasia), Greek bee (A. m. cecropia), Saharan honey bee (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bee (A. m. lamarckii) Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), Italian bee (A. m. ligustica), European dark bee (A. m. mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. m. carnica), Caucasian honey bee (A. m. caucasia), Greek bee (A. m. cecropia), Saharan honey bee (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bee (A. m. lamarckii) 4000 BCE (1880s for A. m. ligustica, modern for A. m. mellifera, uncertain for A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis and A. m. lamarckii) Europe, Asia and Africa honey, wax, pollination, pollen, brood, royal jelly, propolis, research, venom Tame/held in captivity. See Western honey bee for details. Very common in captivity, feral populations common, wild status unclear[77] 6a Hymenoptera
Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)[78] Date uncertain North America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) 1910s Australia, South Africa research, animal feed Captive bred 6b Other insects
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) 1920s China research, biotechnology, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), Yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), Lilian's (A. lilianae), Black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), Black-winged (A. taranta), Red-headed (A. pullarius) and Grey-headed lovebird (A. canus) Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), Lilian's (A. lilianae), Black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), Black-winged (A. taranta), Red-headed (A. pullarius) and Grey-headed lovebird (A. canus) 1920s (uncertain for A. roseicollis, A. lilianae, A. nigrigenis, A. taranta, A. pullarius and A. canus) Africa, Madagascar pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) Various rainbowfish spp. (Melanotaeniidae spp.) 1920s northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay, and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) 1930s Syria, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia
Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) 20th century Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) 1930s Andes pets, fur, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) 1930s Andes fur Raised in captivity Critically endangered in the wild 1d Rodentia
Water flea (Daphnia magna) Water flea (Daphnia magna) 1930s North America, Eurasia, Africa research, animal feed Held/tame in captivity 6c Other arthropods
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and Western clawed frog (X. tropicalis) African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and Western clawed frog (X. tropicalis) 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) South Africa, West Africa pets, research Captive bred 4a Anura
Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) Brine shrimp (Artemia spp., esp. A. salina) 1950s United States pets, research Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
Ball (Python regius), Indian (P. molurus), Angolan (P. anchietae), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed python (P. brongersmai) Ball (Python regius), Indian (P. molurus), Angolan (P. anchietae), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed python (P. brongersmai) 1960s (uncertain for P. molurus, P. anchietae, P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) Africa, India, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
African rock python (Python sebae) including subspecies Natal rock python (P. s. natalensis) African rock python (Python sebae) including subspecies Natal rock python (P. s. natalensis) Date uncertain Africa pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies Dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai) Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies Dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)[79][80] Date uncertain Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi pets, meat, skins, medicine Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), Djungarian (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamster (P. roborovskii) Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), Djungarian (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamster (P. roborovskii) 1960s Mongolia, Russia, China pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and Double-barred finch (T. bichenovii) Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and Double-barred finch (T. bichenovii) 20th century (uncertain for T. bichenovii) Australia pets, show Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger 2d Passeriformes
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); Tiger salamander (A. tigrinum), Barred tiger salamander (A. mavortium), Anderson's salamander (A. andersoni), Long-toed salamander (A. macrodactylum), Spotted salamander (A. maculatum), Marbled salamander (A. opacum) and Mole salamander (A. talpoideum) Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); Tiger salamander (A. tigrinum), Barred tiger salamander (A. mavortium), Anderson's salamander (A. andersoni), Long-toed salamander (A. macrodactylum), Spotted salamander (A. maculatum), Marbled salamander (A. opacum) and Mole salamander (A. talpoideum) 20th century (uncertain for A. tigrinum, A. mavortium, A. andersoni, A. macrodactylum, A. maculatum, A. opacum and A. talpoideum) Mexico, United States research, pets Slight physical changes Critically endangered in the wild 4b Other amphibians
Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) Date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus) Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus) 20th century (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus) Pakistan, Afghanistan pets Slight physical modification Somewhat common in captivity 3b Lacertilia
Iranian fat-tailed (Eublepharis angramainyu), West Indian (E. fuscus), East Indian (E. hardwickii), Satpura (E. satpuraensis) and Turkmenistan eyelid gecko (E. turcmenicus) Iranian fat-tailed (Eublepharis angramainyu), West Indian (E. fuscus), East Indian (E. hardwickii), Satpura (E. satpuraensis) and Turkmenistan eyelid gecko (E. turcmenicus) Date uncertain Iran, Iraq, India, Turkmenistan pets Captive bred 3b Lacertilia
American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies Wood bison (B. b. athabascae) American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies Wood bison (B. b. athabascae) 20th century (uncertain for B. b. athabascae) North America meat, leather, hides, horns, guarding, fibre, pets Semidomesticated 1b Bovidae
Companion parrot (Order Psittaciformes) Many species (Order Psittaciformes)[81][82] 1980s and 1990s Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji pets, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, show, education, therapy Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella), Blue-winged parrot (N. chrysostoma), Elegant parrot (N. elegans) and Scarlet-chested parrot (N. splendida) Turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella), Blue-winged parrot (N. chrysostoma), Elegant parrot (N. elegans) and Scarlet-chested parrot (N. splendida) 20th century (uncertain for N. chrysostoma, N. elegans and N. splendida) Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), Green and black (D. auratus), Yellow-banded (D. leucomelas) and Yellow-striped poison frog (D. truncatus) Dyeing (Dendrobates tinctorius), Green and black (D. auratus), Yellow-banded (D. leucomelas) and Yellow-striped poison frog (D. truncatus) Mid-to-late 20th century Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela pets Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity 4a Anura
Diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata) and Zebra dove (G. striata) Diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata) and Zebra dove (G. striata) Date uncertain Australia, Southeast Asia pets Held/tame in captivity 2c Columbiformes
Eastern kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) including subspecies California kingsnake (L. g. californiae), Florida kingsnake (L. g. floridana), Mexican black kingsnake (L. g. nigrita) and Apalachicola Kingsnake (L. g. meansi) Eastern kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California pets Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes
Grey-banded (Lampropeltis alterna), Scarlet (L. elapsoides), Speckled (L. holbrooki), Mandrean mountain (L. knoblochi), Variable (L. leonis), Arizona mountain (L. pyromelana), Ruthven's (L. ruthveni), Desert (L. splendida) and California mountain (L. zonata) and Black kingsnake (L. nigra); Guatemalan (L. abnorma) and Mexican milk snake (L. annulata) Grey-banded (Lampropeltis alterna), Scarlet (L. elapsoides), Speckled (L. holbrooki), Mandrean mountain (L. knoblochi), Variable (L. leonis), Arizona mountain (L. pyromelana), Ruthven's (L. ruthveni), Desert (L. splendida) and California mountain (L. zonata) and Black kingsnake (L. nigra); Guatemalan (L. abnorma) and Mexican milk snake (L. annulata) Date uncertain Mexico, Guatemala, Florida, Iowa, Alabama, Arizona, Texas, California pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes
Mexican kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana) including subspecies Thayer's kingsnake (L. m. thayeri) Mexican kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana) and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Mexico pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Prairie kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) including subspecies Mole kingsnake (L. c. rhombomaculata) Prairie kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Southeastern United States, Texas pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Andean (Lampropeltis triangulum andesiana), Pueblan (L. t. campbelli), Black (L. t. gaigeae), Honduran (L. t. hondurensis), Nelson's (L. t. nelsoni), Sinaloan (L. t. sinaloae), red (L. t. syspila) and Eastern milk snake (L. t. triangulum) Andean (Lampropeltis triangulum andesiana), Pueblan (L. t. campbelli), Black (L. t. gaigeae), Honduran (L. t. hondurensis), Nelson's (L. t. nelsoni), Sinaloan (L. t. sinaloae), Red (L. t. syspila) and Eastern milk snake (L. t. triangulum) Date uncertain Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Puebla, panama, Sonora, Indiana, Tennessee pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Corn snake (Pantherophis gutttatus), Eastern rat snake (P. alleghaniensis), Baird's rat snake (P. bairdi), Great Plains rat snake (P. emoryi), Eastern fox snake (P. gloydi), Western rat snake (P. obsoletus), Slowinski's corn snake (P. slowinskii), Gray ratsnake (P. spiloides) and Fox snake (P. vulpinus) Corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus), Eastern rat snake (P. alleghaniensis), Baird's rat snake (P. bairdi), Great Plains rat snake (P. emoryi), Eastern fox snake (P. gloydi), Western rat snake (P. obsoletus), Slowinski's corn snake (P. slowinskii), Gray ratsnake (P. spiloides) and Fox snake (P. vulpinus) 1960s (uncertain for P. alleghaniensis, P. bairdi, P. emoryi, P. gloydi, P. obsoletus,P. slowinskii, P. spiloides and P. vulpinus) United States pets Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild 3a Serpentes
Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)[83] 1960s United States wool, meat, milk, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus) Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus)[84] 1960s Russia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and Wide-horned hisser (G. oblongonota) Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and Wide-horned hisser (G. oblongonota) 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota) Madagascar pets Captive bred 6b Other insects
Eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) and Western bearded dragon (P. minor) Eastern bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) and Western bearded dragon (P. minor) Date uncertain Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia
Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) 1970s Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[85] 1970s China meat, algae control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), Blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), Red-vented (C. haematuropygia) and Solomons cockatoo (C. ducorpsii); Long-billed (C. tenuirostris), Western (C. pastinator), Little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corella (C. goffiniana) Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), Blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica) Red-vented (C. haematuropygia) and Solomons cockatoo (C. ducorpsii); Long-billed (C. tenuirostris), Western (C. pastinator), Little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corella (C. goffiniana) 1980s (uncertain for C. ophthalmica, C. haematuropygia, C. durcopsii, C. tenuirostris, C. pastinator, C. sanguinea and C. goffiniana) Maluku Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Tanimbar Islands, Philippines, Solomon Islands pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) Date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[86] 1980s Australia pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) 1980s Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 3b Lacertilia
Buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) and Common eastern bumblebee (B. impatiens) Buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) and Common eastern bumblebee (B. impatiens) 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens) Europe, North America wax, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Greater rhea (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rhea (R. pennata) Greater rhea (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rhea (R. pennata)[87] 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata) South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets Semidomesticated 2f Other birds
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets Semidomesticated 2f Other birds
Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) Date uncertain West Africa meat, leather, hides, horns, milk Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis) and Common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa) Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis)[88] and Common beisa oryx (O. b. beisa) Date uncertain Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Degu (Octodon degus) Degu (Octodon degus) 1990s Chilean Andes pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), Persian jird (M. persicus), Libyan jird (M. libycus), Shaw's jird (M. shawi), Tristram's jird (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jird (M. crassus) Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), Persian jird (M. persicus), Libyan jird (M. libycus), Shaw's jird (M. shawi), Tristram's jird (M. tristrami) and Sundervall's jird (M. crassus) 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus) Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Green iguana (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguana (I. delicatissima) Green iguana (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguana (I. delicatissima) 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima) South America, Lesser Antilles pets, meat, leather Captive bred 3b Lacertilia
Coastal carpet python (Morelia spilota mcdowelli), Southwest carpet python (M. s. imbricata) Inland carpet python (M. s. metcalfei), Diamond python (M. s. spilota), Darwin carpet python (M. s. variegata) and Jungle carpet python (M. s. cheynei) Coastal carpet python (Morelia spilota mcdowelli), Southwest carpet python (M. s. imbricata) Inland carpet python (M. s. metcalfei), Diamond python (M. s. spilota), Darwin carpet python (M. s. variegata) and Jungle carpet python (M. s. cheynei) Date uncertain New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Green tree python (Morelia viridis), Rough-scaled python (M. carinata) and Bredl's python (M. bredli) Green tree python (Morelia viridis), Rough-scaled python (M. carinata) and Bredl's python (M. bredli) mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli) New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii), Yellow-tailed black cockatoo (C. funereus) and Glossy black cockatoo (C. lathami) Red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii), Yellow-tailed black cockatoo (C. funereus) and Glossy black cockatoo (C. lathami) late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami) Australia pets, education Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), Tricolored (E. tricolor), Tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), Blue-faced (E. trichroa), Red-eared (E. coloria), Red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinch (E. pealii) Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), Tricolored (E. tricolor), Tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), Blue-faced (E. trichroa), Red-eared (E. coloria), Red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinch (E. pealii) Date uncertain Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Burma, Timor, Australia, Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji and Thailand pets Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) late 1990s Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Australian green tree (Ranoidea caerulea), Orange-eyed tree (R. chloris), Leaf green tree (R. phyllochroa), Mountain stream tree (R. barringtonensis), Magnificent tree (R. splendida), Growling grass (R. raniformis), Blue Mountains tree (R. citropa) and Dainty green tree frog (R. gracilenta) Australian green tree (Ranoidea caerulea), Orange-eyed tree (R. chloris), Leaf green tree (R. phyllochroa), Mountain stream tree (R. barringtonensis), Magnificent tree (R. splendida), Growling grass (R. raniformis), Blue Mountains tree (R. citropa) and Dainty green tree frog (R. gracilenta) late 20th century (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. raniformis, R. citropa, R. gracilenta) Australia pets, research Captive bred 4a Anura
Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frog (C. cranwelli) Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frog (C. cranwelli) late 20th century (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni) Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador pets Captive bred 4a Anura
Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), Prussian carp (C. gibelio), Ginbuna (C. langsdorfii) and Japanese white crucian carp (C. cuvieri) Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), Prussian carp (C. gibelio), Ginbuna (C. langsdorfii) and Japanese white crucian carp (C. cuvieri)[89] 2000s (uncertain for C. gibelio, C. langsdorfii and C. cuvieri) England, Russia, Japan meat, pets, research Domesticated 5a Cyprinidae
King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis) King quail (Excalfactoria chinensis) Date uncertain Asia, Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) Date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[90] Date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
White-necked (Corvus albicollis), Common (C. corax) and Australian raven (C. coronoides); Pied (C. albus), Carrion (C. corone), American (C. brachyrhynchos), Hooded (C. cornix) and House crow (C. splendens); Rook (C. frugilegus) White-necked (Corvus albicollis), Common (C. corax) and Australian raven (C. coronoides); Pied (C. albus), Carrion (C. corone), American (C. brachyrhynchos), Hooded (C. cornix) and House crow (C. splendens); Rook (C. frugilegus)[91][92][93][94][95][96][97] Date uncertain Europe, Africa, Australia, North America, India pest control, pets, research, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Southern (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbill (B. abyssinicus) Southern (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbill (B. abyssinicus) Date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster) Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[98] Date uncertain India fishing Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Southern (Chauna torquata) and Northern screamer (C. chavaria) Southern (Chauna torquata) and Northern screamer (C. chavaria) Date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta) Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[99] Date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) Date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) Date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Golden (Aquila chrysaetos), Eastern Imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish Imperial (A. adalberti), Wedge-tailed (A. audax), Steppe (A. nipalensis), Tawny (A. rapax), African hawk- (A. spilogaster), Bonelli's (A. fasciata), Verreaux's eagle (A. verreauxii) Golden (Aquila chrysaetos)[100], Eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), Wedge-tailed (A. audax), Steppe (A. nipalensis), Tawny (A. rapax), African hawk-(A. spilogaster), Bonelli's (A. fasciata), Verreaux's eagle (A. verreauxii) Date uncertain Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia falconry, show, intercepting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), White-tailed eagle (H. albicilla), African fish eagle (H. vocifer), White-bellied sea eagle (H. leucogaster), Steller's sea eagle (H. pelagicus) Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[101][102], White-tailed eagle (H. albicilla), African fish eagle (H. vocifer), White-bellied sea eagle (H. leucogaster), Steller's sea eagle (H. pelagicus) Date uncertain North America, Africa, Australia, Europe, Russia falconry, show, intercepting, pets, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)[103] Date uncertain United States falconry, show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Northern (Accipiter gentilis), Crested (A. trivirgatus), African goshawk (A. tachiro); Shikra (A. badius), Besra (A. virgatus), Sharp-shinned hawk (A. striatus), Cooper's hawk (A. cooperii); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), Collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis), Black sparrowhawk (A. melanoleucus) Northern (Accipiter gentilis)[104], Crested (A. trivirgatus), African goshawk (A. tachiro); Shikra (A. badius), Besra (A. virgatus), Sharp-shinned hawk (A. striatus) Cooper's hawk (A. cooperii); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), Collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis), Black sparrowhawk (A. melanoleucus) Date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Africa falconry, show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) including subspecies Western Siberian eagle-owl (B. b. sibiricus), Eastern Siberian eagle-owl (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owl (B. b. omissus) Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[105] and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan show, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) including subspecies Northern great horned owl (B. v. subarcticus) Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) Date uncertain Canada pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Tawny owl (Strix aluco) Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[106] Date uncertain Europe, United Kingdom pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) Date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) Date uncertain Peru meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Wild boar (Sus scrofa) including subspecies Indian wild boar (S. s. cristatus) Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[107][108] and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Europe, United Kingdom, Thailand meat, tusks, hides, leather, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) Date uncertain Sulawesi meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), Tammar wallaby (M. eugenii) and Parma wallaby (M. parma); Red kangaroo (M. rufus) Red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus),[109] Tammar wallaby (M. eugenii) and Parma wallaby (M. parma); Red kangaroo (M. rufus)[110] 2000s (uncertain for M. eugenii, M. parma and M. rufus) Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales lawn mowing, pets, tourism, research, meat, leather Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), Eastern quoll (D. viverrinus), Western quoll (D. geoffroii) and Northern quoll (D. hallucatus) Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), Eastern quoll (D. viverrinus), Western quoll (D. geoffroii) and Northern quoll (D. hallucatus)[111][112][113][114] Date uncertain Australia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[115] Date uncertain Bangladesh fishing, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Beech marten (Martes foina), Sable (M. zibellina) and Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula) Beech marten (Martes foina),[116][117] Sable (M. zibellina) and Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula) Date uncertain Europe, Russia, India fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Fisher (Pekania pennanti) Fisher (Pekania pennanti) Date uncertain North America fur, research, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica), Least weasel (M. nivalis) and Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius) Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica),[118] Least weasel (M. nivalis) and Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius)[119][120] Date uncertain Russia, Europe, India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Greater (Galictis vittata) and Lesser grison (G. cuja) Greater (Galictis vittata) and Lesser grison (G. cuja) Date uncertain South America pest control, hunting, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) Date uncertain Argentina, Chile pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Raccoon (Procyon lotor)[121] Date uncertain North America pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
South American (Nasua nasua) and White-nosed coati (N. narica) South American (Nasua nasua)[122] and White-nosed coati (N. narica) Date uncertain South America, Costa Rica pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus) and Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti) Ring-tailed cat (Bassariscus astutus) and Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[123] Date uncertain North America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and Northern tamandua (T. mexicana) Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and Northern tamandua (T. mexicana)[124][125] Date uncertain South America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and Mountain paca (C. taczanowskii) Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and Mountain paca (C. taczanowskii) Date uncertain Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Malayan (Hystrix brachyura), Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), Crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupine (H. pumila) Malayan (Hystrix brachyura)[126], Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), Crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupine (H. pumila) Date uncertain Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Philippines, India, Africa meat, quills, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Chinese (Rhizomys sinensis) and Large bamboo rat (R. sumatrensis) Chinese (Rhizomys sinensis) and Large bamboo rat (R. sumatrensis) Date uncertain China meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius) Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[127] Date uncertain China, Laos meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) Date uncertain Cuba meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) Date uncertain Eurasian Steppe pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) 20th century Northern Fennoscandia pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Pale (Gerbillus perpallidus), Lesser Egyptian (G. gerbillus), Pleasant (G. amoenus) and Greater Egyptian gerbil (G. pyramidum) Pale (Gerbillus perpallidus), Lesser Egyptian (G. gerbillus), Pleasant (G. amoenus) and Greater Egyptian gerbil (G. pyramidum) Date uncertain Egypt, Libya pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[128] Date uncertain Europe pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), Black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata) Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), Black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata) Date uncertain Mexico, Central America pets, meat Captive bred 3b Lacertilia
Chinese (Naja atra), Indian (N. naja), Caspian (N. oxiana), Philippine (N. philippinensis), Samar (N. samarensis), Monocled (N. kaouthia), Arabian (N. arabica), Indochinese spitting (N. siamensis), Javan spitting (N. sputatrix), Equatorial spitting (N. sumatrana), Red spitting (N. pallida), Nubian spitting (N. nubiae), Black-necked spitting (N. nigricollis), Zebra spitting (N. nigricincta), Mozambique spitting (N. mossambica), Egyptian (N. haje), Snouted (N. annulifera), Forest (N. melanoleuca), Cape (N. nivea), Congo water (N. christyi) and Banded water cobra (N. annulata) Chinese (Naja atra)[129], Indian (N. naja), Caspian (N. oxiana), Philippine (N. philippinensis), Samar (N. samarensis), Monocled (N. kaouthia), Arabian (N. arabica), Indochinese spitting (N. siamensis), Javan spitting (N. sputatrix), Equatorial spitting (N. sumatrana), Red spitting (N. pallida), Nubian spitting (N. nubiae), Black-necked spitting (N. nigricollis), Zebra spitting (N. nigricincta), Mozambique spitting (N. mossambica), Egyptian (N. haje), Snouted (N. annulifera), Forest (N. melanoleuca), Cape (N. nivea), Congo water (N. christyi) and Banded water cobra (N. annulata) Date uncertain China, India, Philippines, Africa, Thailand, Cambodia, Arabia, Indonesia venom, skins, show, pets Captive bred 3a Serpentes
Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide rosella (P. e. adelaidae) and Yellow rosella (P. e. flaveolus) Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide rosella (P. e. adelaidae) and Yellow rosella (P. e. flaveolus) Date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Western (Platycercus icterotis), Green (P. caledonicus), Pale-headed (P. adscitus) and Northern rosella (P. venustus) Western (Platycercus icterotis), Green (P. caledonicus), Pale-headed (P. adscitus) and Northern rosella (P. venustus) Date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies Golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies Golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) Date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), Ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American slider (T. venusta) Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), Ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American slider (T. venusta) Date uncertain Haiti, Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica pets Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Red-eared (Trachemys scripta elegans), Yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta) and Cumberland slider (T. s. troostii) Red-eared (Trachemys scripta elegans), Yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta) and Cumberland slider (T. s. troostii) Date uncertain United States, especially the southeastern United States pets, meat Easy to domesticate Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 3c Other reptiles
Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[130] Date uncertain China pets, meat Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii), Yellow pond turtle (M. mutica) Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii), Yellow pond turtle (M. mutica)[131] Date uncertain China pets, meat Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[132] Date uncertain Florida pets, meat Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) Date uncertain China pets, meat Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) Date uncertain China pets, meat Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii) Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[133] Date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[134] Date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), Freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), Saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and Mugger crocodile (C. palustris) Nile (Crocodylus niloticus), West African (C. suchus), Siamese, (C. siamensis), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), American (C. acutus), Freshwater (C. johnsoni), Philippine (C. mindorensis), Saltwater (C. porosus), New Guinea (C. novaeguineae) and Mugger crocodile (C. palustris)[135][136][137][138][139][140][141] Date uncertain Africa, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Florida, India, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, Sumatra, Borneo, Myanmar, Peru, Venezuela, Iran meat, hides, teeth, pets, guarding, tourism, show, blood Captive bred 3c Other reptiles
Crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton), Star finch (N. ruficauda), Plum-headed finch (N. modesta) and Red-browed finch (N. temporalis) Crimson finch (Neochmia phaeton), Star finch (N. ruficauda), Plum-headed finch (N. modesta) and Red-browed finch (N. temporalis) Date uncertain New Guinea and Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) Date uncertain Hungary, United Kingdom meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), Chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridge (A. barbara) Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), Chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridge (A. barbara) Date uncertain France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Chinese (Bambusicola thoracicus) and Mountain bamboo partridge (B. fytchii) Chinese (Bambusicola thoracicus) and Mountain bamboo partridge (B. fytchii) Date uncertain China, India meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) Date uncertain Nepal meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), Silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasant (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi) Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), Silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasant (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi) Date uncertain Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra, China, Thailand meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Scaled (Callipepla squamata), Elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quail (C. californica) Scaled (Callipepla squamata), Elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quail (C. californica) Date uncertain Mexico, Utah, California meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) Date uncertain California meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) Date uncertain Mexico meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) Date uncertain Ethiopia meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), Rain (C. coromandelica) and Stubble quail (C. pectoralis) Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), Rain (C. coromandelica) and Stubble quail (C. pectoralis) Date uncertain Africa, India, Australia meat, feathers, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[142] Date uncertain Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore nests Held/tame in captivity 2f Other birds
Tarantulas (Theraphosidae) Various tarantula spp. (Theraphosidae spp.)[143] Date uncertain North America, Central America, South America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia pets, research, venom Captive bred Common in captivity, getting rare in the wild. 6c Other arthropods
Crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus) and Suras gecko (C. sarasinorum) Crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus) and Suras gecko (C. sarasinorum) Date uncertain New Caledonia pets Captive bred Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in wild 3b Lacertilia
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[144] Date uncertain Florida meat Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Sable (Hippotragus niger) and Roan antelope (H. equinus) Sable (Hippotragus niger)[145] and Roan antelopes (H. equinus)[146] Date uncertain South Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), Nyala (T. angasii), Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[147] Nyala (T. angasii),[148] Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) Date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Blue (Connochaetes taurinus) and Black wildebeest (C. gnou) Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[149] and Black wildebeests (C. gnou)[150] Date uncertain South Africa, Kenya meat, hides, horns, leather, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) including subspecies Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi) Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) including subspecies Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[151] Date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)[152] Date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) Date uncertain Southeast Asia pets, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity and the wild 2d Passeriformes
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) Date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) Date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[153] Date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[154] Date uncertain North Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) and Armenian mouflon (O. o. gmelini) European mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon)[155] and Armenian mouflon (O. o. gmelini) Date uncertain Corsica, Sardinia, Iran, Armenia meat, wool, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[156][157] Date uncertain South Africa meat, leather, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[158] Date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) Date uncertain South Africa tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris) Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[159] Date uncertain China meat, antlers Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and Mule deer (O. hemionus) White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[160] and Mule deer (O. hemionus) Date uncertain Virginia, West Virginia, Colombia, Florida, Montana, Canada meat, antlers, hides, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Chital (Axis axis) Chital (Axis axis) Date uncertain India meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) Date uncertain China meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), Alpine (M. chrysogaster), White-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus) Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), Alpine (M. chrysogaster), White-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[161][162][163] Date uncertain China, India, Russia meat, tusks, musk, hides Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[164] Date uncertain Peru fibre, pets, guarding Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[165] Date uncertain Peru fibre, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[166] Date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[167] Date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus) Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)[168][169] Date uncertain India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[170][171][172][173] Date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria hunting, guarding, waste management, show, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) including subspecies Japanese raccoon dog (N. p. viverrinus) Date uncertain China, Japan pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnvora
Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), Red (V. vulpes) Fennec (V. zerda), Corsac (V. corsac), Pale (V. pallida), Swift (V. velox) and Kit fox (V. macrotis) Arctic (Vulpes lagopus), Red (V. vulpes) Fennec (V. zerda),[174] Corsac (V. corsac), Pale (V. pallida), Swift (V. velox) and Kit fox (V. macrotis) Date uncertain Europe, North America, North Africa, Central Asia, Sudan pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Island (Urocyon littoralis) and Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus) Island (Urocyon littoralis)[175] and Gray foxes (U. cinereoargenteus) Date uncertain Channel Islands, Eastern United States pest control, pelt, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) Date uncertain Africa pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[176] Date uncertain South America pest control, pets Easy to domesticate 1c Carnivora
Dingo (Canis lupus dingo), New Guinea singing dog (C. l. hallstromi), Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus), Iberian wolf (C. l. signatus), Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris), Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco), Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs), Indian wolf (C. l. pallipes), Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos), Greenland wolf (C. l. orion), Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis) Dingo (Canis lupus dingo), New Guinea singing dog (C. l. hallstromi), Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus), Iberian wolf (C. l. signatus), Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris), Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco), Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs), Indian wolf (C. l. pallipes), Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos), Greenland wolf (C. l. orion) Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis)[177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189] Date uncertain Australia, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Middle East, Canada, Greenland guarding, pest control, warmth, hunting, tourism, education, research, show, pets, therapy, draft Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Coyote (Canis latrans), Side-striped jackal (C. adustus) Coyote (Canis latrans), Side-striped jackal (C. adustus)[190][191] Date uncertain North America, South Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)[192][193] Date uncertain South Africa pest control, show, pets, research, education, therapy, tourism Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) Date uncertain West Africa pets, pest control Captive bred 1c Carnivora
Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii), Javan mongoose (H. javanicus) Ruddy mongoose (Herpestes smithii),[194] Javan mongoose (H. javanicus)[195] Date uncertain India, Southeast Asia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) Date uncertain Thailand, Indonesia meat, pets Domesticated 5b Other fish
Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), Giant red tail gourami (O. laticlavius) and Elephant ear gourami (O. exodon) Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)[196][197], Giant red tail gourami (O. laticlavius) and Elephant ear gourami (O. exodon) Date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, weed control, pets Captive bred 5b Other fish
Red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri), San Francisco piranha (P. piraya) and Black spot piranha (P. cariba) Red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri), San Francisco piranha (P. piraya) and Black spot piranha (P. cariba) Date uncertain South America meat, pets, research, teeth Semidomesticated Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 5b Other fish
Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin, (T. orientalis), Bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus) and Yellowfin tuna (T. albacares) Southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), Bigeye (Thunnus obesus), Atlantic bluefin (T. thynnus) and Yellowfin tuna (T. albacares)[198][199] Date uncertain North America, Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii meat, eggs Captive bred 5b Other fish
White (Acipenser transmontanus), Shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii), Starry (A. stellatus) and European sea sturgeon (A. sturio) White (Acipenser transmontanus), Shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii), Starry (A. stellatus) and European sea sturgeon (A. sturio)[200][201][202][203] Date uncertain Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, Aegean Sea, Europe meat, eggs, pets Captive bred 5b Other fish
Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), Giant (E. lanceolatus), Greasy (E. tauvina), Areolate (E. areolatus), Dusky (E. marginatus), Wavy-lined (E. undulosus), Six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and Orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides) Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), Giant (E. lanceolatus), Greasy (E. tauvina), Areolate (E. areolatus) Dusky (E. marginatus), Wavy-lined (E. undulosus), Six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and Orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides)[204][205][206] Date uncertain Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, Indo-Pacific meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) Date uncertain Europe, North America, Asia meat, eggs Captive bred 5b Other fish
Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) including subspecies Amago (O. m. macrostomus) Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) and appropriate subspecies Date uncertain Russia, Japan, Korea meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Brown trout (S. trutta) Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Brown trout (S. trutta) Date uncertain Europe, United Kingdom, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania, Alaska meat, eggs Captive bred 5b Other fish
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus) Barramundi (Lates calcarifer),[207] Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus)[208] Date uncertain United Kingdom, Poland, United States, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa meat, pets Captive bred 5b Other fish
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) Date uncertain United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Date uncertain Europe meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[209] Date uncertain Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Northern pike (Esox lucius) Northern pike (Esox lucius)[210] Date uncertain Europe meat, pets, research, eggs Captive bred 5b Other fish
Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban gar (A. tristoechus) and Tropical gar (A. tropicus) Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban gar (A. tristoechus) and Tropical gar (A. tropicus)[211][212][213] Date uncertain North America, Cuba, Costa Rica meat, pets Captive bred 5 Other fish
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Date uncertain China meat, weed control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Date uncertain China meat, pest control, medicine Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Date uncertain China meat Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis) Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[214] Date uncertain Vietnam meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Arapaima (Arapaima gigas) Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[215][216] Date uncertain Amazon basin meat, pets Captive bred 5b Other fish
Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[217] Date uncertain Europe meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas) Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[218] Date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, pets Captive bred 5b Other fish
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[219] Date uncertain California, Colorado meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Green chromide (Etroplus suratensis), Orange chromide (E. maculatus) and Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) Green chromide (Etroplus suratensis),[220] Orange chromide (E. maculatus) and Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) Date uncertain India meat, pets Captive bred 5b Other fish
Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) Date uncertain Caribbean Sea meat, tourism Captive bred 5b Other fish
Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[221] Date uncertain Gulf of Mexico meat, research Captive bred 5b Other fish
Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), Greater (S. dumerili), Yellowtail amberjack (S. lalandi) and Longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana) Japanese (Seriola quinqueradiata), Greater (S. dumerili), Yellowtail amberjack (S. lalandi) and Longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)[222][223] Date uncertain Japan, Mediterranean Sea, Chile, Hawaii meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Olive flounder (P. olivaceus) Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and Olive flounder (P. olivaceus)[224] 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma) United States, Japan, China, Korea meat Captive bred 5b Other fish
European (Anguilla anguilla), American (A. rostrata), Short-finned (A. australis), New Zealand longfin (A. dieffenbachii) and Japanese eel (A. japonica) European (Anguilla anguilla), American (A. rostrata), Short-finned (A. australis), New Zealand longfin (A. dieffenbachii) and Japanese eel (A. japonica)[225][226][227][228] Date uncertain Europe, North America, Asia, New Zealand, Australia meat, pets, research, medicine Captive bred 5b Other fish
Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) Date uncertain Australia, India honey, pollination, propolis, wax Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) Date uncertain Central and South America animal feed, pets Captive bred 6b Other insects
Mealworm and Superworm (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio) Larvae of darkling beetles (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio) Date uncertain Europe animal feed, meat, research Captive bred 6b Other insects
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) Date uncertain United States research Captive bred 6b Other insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[229] Date uncertain United States meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing Captive bred 6b Other insects
Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) Larvae of lesser and greater wax moths (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) Date uncertain Europe ? animal feed, bait, research, meat Captive bred 6b Other insects
Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina) Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[230] Date uncertain Southern Africa meat, silk Captive bred 6b Other insects
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[231] Date uncertain North America meat, pets, medicine Captive bred 6b Other insects
Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata) Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[232][233][234][235] Date uncertain Hawaii research Captive bred 6b Other insects
Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[236] Date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive bred 7 Other animals
Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[237] Date uncertain Japan, Korea meat, pets, research Captive bred 7 Other animals
Common (Octopus vulgaris), Common Sydney (O. tetricus), Big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould (O. mimus), Long arm (O. minor), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris), East Pacific red (O. rubescens) and Caribbean reef octopus (O. briareus) Common (Octopus vulgaris), Common Sydney (O. tetricus), Big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot ( O. bimaculoides), Gould (O. mimus), Long arm (O. minor), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris), East Pacific red (O. rubescens) and Caribbean reef octopus (O. briareus)[238][239][240][241][242][243] Date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, Caribbean Sea meat, ink, pets, research Captive bred 7 Other animals
Webfoot octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao) and Coconut octopus (A. marginatus) Webfoot octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[244] and Coconut octopus (A. marginatus) Date uncertain South Korea, Sulawesi meat, pets, research Captive bred 7 Other animals
Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) Date uncertain Europe meat, shells Captive bred 7 Other animals
Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) Date uncertain Europe meat, shells, pets, slime, eggs Captive bred 7 Other animals
Giant African snail (Achatina achatina), African land snail (A. albopicta) Giant African snail (Achatina achatina)[245], African land snail (A. albopicta) Date uncertain Ghana, Kenya meat, shells, eggs, pets, slime Captive bred 7 Other animals
Giant East African snail (Achatina fulica) Giant East African snail (Achatina fulica)[246] Date uncertain East Africa meat, shells, pets, slime, education Captive bred 7 Other animals
Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Inshore hagfish (E. burgeri) Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Inshore hagfish (E. burgeri)[247][248] Date uncertain United States, South Korea, Japan meat, slime, skins Captive bred 5b Other fish
Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[249] Date uncertain Asia meat, blood, eggs, pets Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) Date uncertain North America meat, blood, research, pets Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (T. gigas) Date uncertain Japan, China, India meat, blood, pets Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) Mud crab (Scylla serrata) Date uncertain Asia meat, pets Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus) Blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus)[250][251] Date uncertain Australia meat Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
Spanner crab (Ranina ranina) Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[252] Date uncertain Australia meat Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobster (H. americanus) European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobster (H. americanus)[253][254][255] Date uncertain Europe, United States meat Captive bred 6c Other arthropods
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), Northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), Northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) Date uncertain North America meat, pets, education Captive bred 4a Anura
Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota) Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota) Date uncertain North America pets Captive bred 4a Anura
Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and Marsh frog (P. ridibundus) Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and Marsh frog (P. ridibundus)[256] Date uncertain Europe meat, pets Captive bred 4a Anura
Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) Date uncertain China meat Captive bred 4a Anura
Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) Date uncertain Java meat Captive bred 4a Anura
Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), Indus Valley bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) Date uncertain China, Thailand meat, pets Captive bred 4a Anura
Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) Date uncertain China meat Captive bred 4a Anura

Taxonomical groupings

The categories used in Taxon group column are:

See also

References
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