List of chess openings named after people
The Oxford Companion to Chess lists 1,327 named openings and variants.[1] Chess players' names are the most common sources of opening names. The name given to an opening is not always that of the first player to adopt it; often an opening is named for the player who was one of the first to popularize it or to publish analysis of it.
A
- Abonyi Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e4 Nxe5 5.f4 Nec6 – named after István Abonyi;[2]
- Adams Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.h3 – named after Weaver W. Adams;[3]
- Adler Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.Nf3 – named after Adler;[4]
- Alapin's Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Ne2 – named after Semyon Alapin;[5]
- Alapin Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.c3 – named after Semyon Alapin;[6]
- Albin Countergambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e5 – named after Adolf Albin;[7]
- Alburt Variation of the Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.Nf3 g6 – named after Lev Alburt;[8]
- Alekhine-Chatard Attack on the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.h4 – named after Alexander Alekhine and Eugene Chatard;[9]
- Alekhine's Defence – 1.e4 Nf6 – named after Alexander Alekhine;[7]
- Alekhine Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.e4 – named after Alexander Alekhine;[10]
- Allgaier Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ng5 – named after Johann Baptist Allgaier;[10]
- Anderssen's Opening – 1.a3 – named after Adolf Anderssen;[11]
- Arkell-Khenkin Variation of the Caro-Kann Defense – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 c5 – named after Keith Arkell and Igor Khenkin;[12]
- Averbakh System of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Be2 0-0 6.Bg5 – named after Yuri Averbakh;[13]
B
- Balogh Defense – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 f5 – named after János Balogh;[14]
- Barcza System – 1.Nf3 d5 2.g3 – named after Gedeon Barcza;
- Barnes Opening – 1.f3 – named after Thomas Wilson Barnes;[15]
- Basman Defence – 1.e4 g5 – named after Michael Basman;[16]
- Becker Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 h6 – named after Albert Becker;[10]
- Bellon Gambit - 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 e4 4.Ng5 b5 - named after Juan Manuel Bellón López
- Benko Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 – named after Pal Benko;[17]
- Benko's Opening – 1.g3 – named after Pal Benko;[18]
- Bird Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nd4 – named after Henry Bird;[19]
- Bird's Opening – 1.f4 – named after Henry Bird;[7]
- Blackburne Shilling Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nd4 – named after Joseph Henry Blackburne;[20]
- Blackmar-Diemer Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 – named after Armand Blackmar and Emil Josef Diemer;[7]
- Blumenfeld Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nf3 b5 – named after Benjamin Blumenfeld;[7]
- Boden-Kieseritzky Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Nf6 3.Nf3 Nxe4 4.Nc3 - named after Samuel Boden and Lionel Kieseritzky
- Bogoljubov Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 Nc6 – named after Efim Bogoljubov
- Bogo-Indian Defense - 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Bb4+ - named after Efim Bogoljubov
- Boleslavsky Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Be2 e5 – named after Isaac Boleslavsky;[15]
- Bonsch-Osmolovsky Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Ne7 – named after Mikhail Bonsch-Osmolovsky;[21]
- Botvinnik System of the Semi-Slav Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.e4 b5 – named after Mikhail Botvinnik;[22]
- Botvinnik Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.g3 g6 4.Bg2 Bg7 5.e4 – named after Mikhail Botvinnik;[15]
- Brentano Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 g5 – named after Franz Brentano;[23]
- Breyer Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Nb8 – named after Gyula Breyer;[24]
- Breyer Variation of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Qf3 – named after Gyula Breyer;[25]
C
- Capablanca Variation of the Reti Opening – 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 c6 3.b3 Nf6 4.Bb2 Bg4 – named after José Raúl Capablanca;[26]
- Camara Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Qe7 – named after International Master Hélder Câmara.[27]
- Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 – named after Horatio Caro and Marcus Kann;[7]
- Chekhover Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Qxd4 – named after Vitaly Chekhover;[28]
- Chigorin Defence of the Queen's Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6 – named after Mikhail Chigorin;[7]
- Chigorin Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Na5 – named after Mikhail Chigorin;[7]
- Chigorin Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.Qe2 – named after Mikhail Chigorin;
- Clemenz Opening – 1.h3 – named after Hermann Clemenz;[15]
- Cochrane Gambit of the Petrov's Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nxf7 – named after John Cochrane;[29]
- Colle System – 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.e3 – named after Edgard Colle;[7]
- Colman Variation of the Two Knights Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Qf3 Rb8 – named after Eugene Ernest Colman;[30]
- Cozio Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nge7 – named after Carlo Cozio;[10]
- Cunningham Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Be7 – named after Alexander Cunningham;[7]
D
- Damiano Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f6 – named after Pedro Damiano;[31]
- Desprez Opening – 1.h4 – named after Marcel Desprez;[32]
- Dory Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Ne4 – named after Ladislaus Dory;[7]
- Dunst Opening – 1.Nc3 – named after Ted A. Dunst;[7]
- Durkin Opening – 1.Na3 – named after Robert Durkin;[7]
- Duras Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 d6 5.c4 – named after Oldřich Duras;[33]
E
- Eisenberg Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nh3 – named after Louis Eisenberg;[34]
- Englund Gambit – 1.d4 e5 – named after Fritz Englund;[35]
- Epishin Variation of the Benko Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 4.cxb5 a6 5.bxa6 g6 6.Nc3 Bxa6 7.Nf3 d6 8.g3 Bg7 9.Bg2 Nbd7 10.Rb1 – named after Vladimir Epishin;[36]
- Evans Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 – named after William Davies Evans;[7]
F
- Fajarowicz Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ne4 – named after Sammi Fajarowicz;[37]
- Falkbeer Countergambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5 – named after Ernst Falkbeer;[7]
- Fischer Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 d6 – named after Bobby Fischer;[38]
- Fleissig Variation of the Scotch Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nxd4 Bc5 5.Be3 Qf6 6.c3 Nge7 7.Nc2 – named after Bernhard Fleissig;[39]
- Flohr-Mikenas-Carls Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 – named after Salo Flohr, Vladas Mikėnas and Carl Johan Margot Carls;[40]
- Flohr Variation of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Bf5 5.Ng3 Bg6 6.Nh3 – named after Salo Flohr;[41]
- Flohr Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qa4+ – named after Salo Flohr;[42]
- Frankenstein–Dracula Variation of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bc4 Nxe4 – named after Frankenstein's monster and Count Dracula;
- From's Gambit of the Bird's Opening – 1.f4 e5 – named after Martin Severin From;[7]
- Furman Variation of the Queen's Gambit Accepted – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e3 e6 5.Bxc4 c5 6.0-0 a6 7.dxc5 Bxc5 – named after Semyon Furman;[43]
G
- Gajewski Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Na5 10.Bc2 d5 – named after Grzegorz Gajewski;[44]
- Glek Defense of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 e5 7.0-0 Na6 – named after Igor Glek;[45]
- Glek Variation of the Four Knights Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.g3 – named after Igor Glek;[46]
- Gligoric – Taimanov Variation of the King's Indian Defence 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 0-0 6. Be2 e5 7. Be3 – named after Svetozar Gligorić and Mark Taimanov;[47]
- Göring Gambit of the Scotch Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.c3 – named after Carl Göring;[7]
- Goglidze Attack – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.f3 d5 – named after Viktor Goglidze;[48]
- Grivas Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Qb6 – named after Efstratios Grivas;[49]
- Grob's Attack – 1.g4 – named after Henri Grob;[50]
- Gunderam Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Qe7 – named after Gerhard Gunderam;[51]
- Gurgenidze Defense of the Modern Defense – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 3.Nc3 c6 4.f4 d5 5.e5 h5 – named after Bukhuti Gurgenidze;[52]
- Gurgenidze Variation of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 b5 – named after Bukhuti Gurgenidze;[52]
- Gurgenidze Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 g6 4.0-0 Bg7 5.Re1 e5 6.b4 – named after Bukhuti Gurgenidze;[52]
- Gusev Countergambit of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c5 3.cxd5 Nf6 – named after Yuri Gusev;[53]
- Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 – named after Ernst Grünfeld;[7]
H
- Hanham Variation of the Philidor Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nd7 – named after James Hanham;[7]
- Hodgson Attack – 1.d4 d5 2.Bg5 – named after Julian Hodgson;[54]
- Hopton Attack of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.Bg5 – named after Hopton;[55]
- Horwitz Defense - 1.d4 e6 - named after Bernhard Horwitz;
- Hromádka System of the Benoni Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 d6 – named after Karel Hromádka;[56]
- Hübner Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 – named after Robert Hübner;[57]
I
- Ilyin-Genevsky Variation of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Be7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.0-0 d6 7.Nc3 Qe8 – named after Alexander Ilyin-Genevsky;[58]
J
- Janowski Variation of the Old Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3. Nc3 Bf5 – named after Dawid Janowski;
- Jasnogrodsky Defense of the Rice Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 Nf6 6.Bc4 d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.0-0 Bxe5 9.Re1 Qe7 10.c3 Nh5 – named after Nicolai Jasnogrodsky;[59]
- Jerome Gambit of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+ – named after Alonzo Wheeler Jerome;[60]
K
- Kan Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 a6 – named after Ilya Kan;[28]
- Karklins-Martinovsky Variation of the Petrov's Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nd3 – named after Chicago masters Andrew Karklins and Eugene Martinovsky;[61]
- Karpov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Nd7 – named after Anatoly Karpov;[62]
- Katalymov Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 b6 – named after Boris Katalymov;[63]
- Keene Defense to the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Qh4+ 3.g3 Qe7 – named after Raymond Keene;[64]
- Keres Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.g4 – named after Paul Keres;[65]
- Keres Defence – 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+ – named after Paul Keres;[66]
- Keres Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Ne2 – named after Paul Keres;[28]
- Kevitz Variation of the English Opening – 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 Nc6 – named after Alexander Kevitz;[66]
- Kholmov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Be6 – named after Ratmir Kholmov;[67]
- Kieseritzky Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 – named after Lionel Kieseritzky
- Knorre Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4 6.Nc3 – named after Viktor Knorre;[68]
- Koltanowski Gambit of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.0-0 Nf6 5.d4 – named after George Koltanowski;
- Kondratiyev Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Bd3 c5 5.exd5 Qxd5 6.Bd2 – named after Pavel Kondratiyev;[69]
- Konikowski Gambit of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Bc5 4.c3 d5 – named after Jerzy Konikowski;[70]
- Konstantinopolsky Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.g3 – named after Alexander Konstantinopolsky;[15]
- Kopec System – 1. e4 c5 2. Bd3 – named after Danny Kopec;[71]
L
- Lamb Defense of the Blackmar-Diemer Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.f3 Nc6 named after F. Lamb;[72]
- Larsen's Opening – 1.b3 – named after Bent Larsen;[73]
- Leko Gambit of the Anti-Grünfeld – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.f3 e5 – named after Peter Leko;[74]
- Leonhardt Variation of the Evans Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Ba5 6.d4 b5 – named after Paul Saladin Leonhardt;[75]
- Levenfish Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 dxc4 6.Qxc4 0-0 7.e4 b6 – named after Grigory Levenfish;[76]
- Levenfish Attack in the Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.f4 – named after Grigory Levenfish;[77]
- Levitsky Attack – 1.d4 d5 2.Bg5 – named after Stepan Levitsky;
- Lisitsin Gambit of the Zukertort Opening – 1.Nf3 f5 2.e4 – named after Georgy Lisitsin;[78]
- Lolli Variation of the Two Knights Defense 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5 6.d4 – named after Giambattista Lolli;[79]
- Lopez Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.c3 – another name for the MacLeod Attack – not to be confused with the Ruy Lopez;
- Lucena Defence of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Be7 – named after Luis Ramirez de Lucena;[10]
- Lundin Defense – 1.d4 Nc6 – named after Erik Lundin;[80]
- Lutikov Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.f3 – named after Anatoly Lutikov;[39]
- Lutikov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.Bc2 – named after Anatoly Lutikov;[10]
M
- MacLeod Attack – 1.e4 e5 2.c3 – named after Nicholas MacLeod
- Makogonov System of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.h3 – named after Vladimir Makogonov;[81]
- Makogonov Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.b4 – named after Vladimir Makogonov;[10]
- Maróczy Bind of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 g6 5.c4 – named after Géza Maróczy;[7]
- Marshall Attack of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d5 – named after Frank Marshall;[82]
- Marshall Defense to the Queen's Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Marshall Gambit in the Semi-Slav Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.e4 dxe4 5.Nxe4 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Marshall Gambit of the Tarrasch Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.e4 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Marshall Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 d5 – named after Frank Marshall;[10]
- Max Lange Attack of the Two Knights Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0 Bc5 6.e5 – named after Max Lange;[15]
- McDonnell Gambit variation of the King's Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 6.Nc3.[83] Named after Alexander McDonnell
- McCutcheon Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Bb4 – named after John Lindsay McCutcheon;[84]
- Mieses Opening – 1.d3 – named after Jacques Mieses;[15]
- Mikenas Variation of the Modern Benoni – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.f4 Bg7 8.e5 – named after Vladas Mikėnas;[85]
- Miles Variation of the Queen's Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.Bf4 – named after Tony Miles;[10]
- Moeller Attack of the Italian Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.d4 cxd4 6.cxd4 Bb4+ 7.Nc3 Nxe4 8.0-0 Bxc3 9.d5 – named after Jorgen Moeller;[86]
- Monticelli Trap of the Bogo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Bb4+ 4.Bd2 Bxd2+ 5.Qxd2 b6 6.g3 Bb7 7.Bg2 0-0 8.Nc3 Ne4 9.Qc2 Nxc3 10.Ng5 – named after Mario Monticelli;
- Morozevich Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 Be7 – named after Alexander Morozevich;[87]
- Morozevich Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4 Bf5 6.Ne5 Ndb7 7.Nxc4 Qc7 8.g3 e5 9.dxe5 Nxe5 10.Bf4 Nfd7 11.Bg2 g5 – named after Alexander Morozevich[88]
- Morphy Defense to the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 – named after Paul Morphy;[10]
- Morphy Gambit of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nh3 – named after Paul Morphy;[89]
- Muzio Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.Bc4 g4 5.0-0 gxf3 6.Qxf3 – named after Mutio[90] d'Alessandro, a third-rate Neapolitan player, following a mistranslation by Jacob Sarratt of Alessandro Salvio.[91]
N
- Nadanian Attack of the Queen's Pawn Opening – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 h6 3.c4 g5 – named after Ashot Nadanian;[92]
- Nadanian Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.Na4 – named after Ashot Nadanian;[93]
- Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 – named after Miguel Najdorf;[94]
- Napoleon Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Qf3 – named after Napoleon Bonaparte;[95]
- Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 – named after Aron Nimzowitsch;[96]
- Nimzowitsch Defence – 1.e4 Nc6 – named after Aron Nimzowitsch;[97]
- Nimzowitsch Variation of the Sicilian Defense – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 – named after Aron Nimzowitsch;[28]
- Noteboom Variation of the Semi-Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.Nf3 dxc4 – named after Daniël Noteboom;[98]
O
- O'Kelly Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 a6 – named after Albéric O'Kelly de Galway;[99]
- Opocensky Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 Bg7 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Bd2 – named after Karel Opočenský;[39]
- Opocensky Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be2 – named after Karel Opočenský;[100]
- Owen's Defense – 1.e4 b6 – named after John Owen;[15]
P
- Panov Attack of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 – named after Vasily Panov;[7]
- Parham Attack – 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 – named after Bernard Parham;[101]
- Paulsen Attack of the Petrov's Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nc4 – named after Louis Paulsen;[7]
- Petrosian Variation of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6.Be2 e5 7.d5 – named after Tigran Petrosian;[10]
- Petrosian Variation of the Queen's Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.a3 – named after Tigran Petrosian;[10]
- Perenyi Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Be3 a6 7.g4 e5 8.Nf5 g6 9.g5 – named after Bela Perenyi;[102]
- Petrov Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 – named after Alexander Petrov;[7]
- Philidor Countergambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 f5 – named after François-André Danican Philidor;[7]
- Philidor Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 – named after François-André Danican Philidor;[7]
- Pirc Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 – named after Vasja Pirc;[7]
- Pollock's Defense to the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Na5 – named after William Pollock;[10]
- Polugaevsky Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5 e6 7.f4 b5 – named after Lev Polugaevsky;[103]
- Ponziani Opening – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 – named after Domenico Lorenzo Ponziani;[7]
- Popov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a5 – named after Bulgarian correspondence player Popov;[104]
- Prie Attack of the Queen's Pawn Opening – 1.d4 d5 2.a3 – named after Éric Prié;[105]
- Puc Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c6; – named after Stojan Puc;[106]
Q
- Quinteros Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Qc7 – named after Miguel Quinteros;[107]
R
- Ragozin Defence of the Queen's Gambit – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 Bb4 – named after Viacheslav Ragozin;[7]
- Réti Opening – 1.Nf3 – named after Richard Réti;[7]
- Rice Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ne5 Nf6 6.Bc4 d5 7.exd5 Bd6 8.0-0 – named after Isaac Rice;[7]
- Richter-Veresov Attack – 1.d4 d5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Bg5 – named after Kurt Richter and Gavriil Veresov;[108]
- Richter-Rauzer Attack in the Sicilian Defense – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 e6 7.Qd2 – named after Kurt Richter and Vsevolod Rauzer;[28]
- Riumin Variation of the Queen's Indian Defense – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.g3 Bb7 5.Bg2 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 Be7 named after Nikolai Riumin;[109]
- Robatsch Defence – 1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 – named after Karl Robatsch;[7]
- Rossolimo Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 – named after Nicolas Rossolimo;[110]
- Rousseau Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 f5 4.d3 – named after Eugène Rousseau;[111]
- Rubinstein Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Rubinstein Variation of the Budapest Gambit – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe4 Ng4 4.Bf4 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Rubinstein Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Rubinstein Variation of the Four Knights Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nd4 – named after Akiba Rubinstein;[7]
- Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 – named after Ruy López de Segura;[7]
S
- Sämisch Variation of the King's Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f3 – named after Friedrich Sämisch;[13]
- Sämisch Variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.a3 – named after Friedrich Sämisch;[112]
- Santasiere's Folly – 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. b4 – named after Anthony Santasiere;[113]
- Schallopp Defense of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 Nf6 – named after Emil Schallopp;[15]
- Schlechter-Rubinstein System of the Tarrasch Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3 – named after Carl Schlecter and Akiba Rubinstein;[10]
- Schlechter Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Bd3 – named after Carl Schlecter;[114]
- Schlechter Variation of the Grunfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.e3 c6 – named after Carl Schlecter;[115]
- Schlechter Variation of the Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 g6 – named after Carl Schlecter;[115]
- Schlechter Gambit of the Bird's Opening – 1.f4 e5 2.fxe5 Nc6 – named after Carl Schlecter;
- Schliemann-Jaenisch Gambit of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 f5 – named after Carl Jaenisch and Adolf Karl Wilhelm Schliemann;[15]
- Semi-Tarrasch Defense of the Queen's Gambit Declined – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c5 – named after Siegbert Tarrasch[116]
- Shabalov-Shirov Gambit of the Semi-Slav Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 e6 5.e3 Nbd7 6.Qc2 Bd6 7.g4 – named after Alexander Shabalov and Alexei Shirov[117]
- Short variation of the Caro-Kann Defence advance - 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 Bf5 4. c3 e6 5. Be2 - named after Nigel Short
- Smith-Morra Gambit of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3 dxc3 4.Nxc3 – named after Texas master Ken Smith and Morra;[118]
- Smyslov Variation of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.Nf3 Bg7 5.Qb3 dxc4 6.Qxc4 0-0 7.e4 Bg4 – named after Vasily Smyslov;[119]
- Smyslov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 h6 – named after Vasily Smyslov;[120]
- Snyder Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.b3 – named after Robert Snyder;[121]
- Sokolsky Opening – 1.b4 – named after Alexey Sokolsky;[15]
- Soldatenkov Variation of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 Bc5 3.Nf3 d6 4.fxe5 – named after Vasily Soldatenkov;[122]
- Soltis Variation of the Yugoslav Attack – 1. e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 Nc6 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.0-0-0 Rc8 11.Bb3 Ne5 12.h4 h5 – named after Andrew Soltis.[123]
- Soultanbeieff Variation of Slav Defence – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4 e6 Victor Soultanbeieff;[124]
- Sozin–Fischer Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.Bc4 e6 7.Be3 Be7 8.Bb3 0-0 9.0-0 – named after Veniamin Sozin and Bobby Fischer;[125]
- Spielmann Variation of the Caro-Kann Defence – 1.e4 c6 2.Nc3 d5 3.Qf3 – named after Rudolph Spielmann;[126]
- Stamma Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.h4; – named after Philipp Stamma;[127]
- Staunton Gambit of the Dutch Defence – 1.d4 f5 2.e4 – named after Howard Staunton;[7]
- Steinitz Defense of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 d6 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[128]
- Steinitz Gambit of the Vienna Game – 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.f4 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[7]
- Steinitz Variation of the Petrov Defense – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.d4 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[129]
- Steinitz Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.g3 – named after Wilhelm Steinitz;[130]
- Sveshnikov Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 – named after Evgeny Sveshnikov;[131]
- Szén Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6 5.Nb5 – named after József Szén;[132]
T
- Taimanov Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6 – named after Mark Taimanov;[133]
- Tarrasch Defense – 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 – named after Siegbert Tarrasch;[134]
- Tarrasch Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nd2 – named after Siegbert Tarrasch;[135]
- Tennison Gambit – 1.Nf3 d5 2.e4 – named after Otto Tennison;[10]
- Torre Attack – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 e6 3.Bg5 – named after Carlos Torre;[136]
- Traxler Variation of the Two Knights Defence – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 Bc5 – named after Karel Traxler;[137]
- Trompowsky Attack – 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 – named after Octavio Trompowsky;[7]
U
- Ufimtsev Defence – 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 – named after Anatoly Ufimtsev;[138]
- Uhlmann-Szabo System
- Urusov Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Nf6 3.d4 exd4 4.Nf3 - named after the Russian Prince Sergey Urusov
V
- Van 't Kruijs Opening – 1.e3 – named after Maarten van 't Kruijs;[7]
- Velimirovic Attack of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Bc4 Nc6 7.Be3 Be7 8.Qe2 – named after Dragoljub Velimirović;[139]
- Villemson Gambit of the King's Gambit – 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.d4 – named after Martin Villemson;[140]
- Vinogradov Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Qe7 – named after Vinogradov;[141]
- Vitolins Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Bb5+ – named after Alvis Vitolinš;[142]
W
- Wade Defence – 1.d4 d6 2.Nf3 Bg4 – named after Robert Wade;[143]
- Wagner Gambit of the Swiss Gambit – 1.f4 f5 2.e4 fxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.g4 – named after Alexander Wagner;[144]
- Ware Opening – 1.a4 – named after Preston Ware;[15]
- Ware defense – 1. e4 a5 – named after Preston Ware
- Winawer Variation of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 – named after Simon Winawer;[145]
- Wolf Gambit of the French Defence – 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Bb4 5.Nge2;
- Worrall Attack of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.Qe2 – named after Thomas Herbert Worrall;[146]
X
Y
Z
- Zaitsev Gambit of the Grünfeld Defence – 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 d5 4.h4 – named after Alexander Zaitsev;[147]
- Zaitsev Variation of the Ruy Lopez – 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 Bb7 – named after Igor Zaitsev;[15]
- Zilbermints Gambit of the Englund Gambit – 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Nc6 3.Nf3 Nge7 – named after Lev Zilbermints;[148]
- Zvjaginsev Variation of the Sicilian Defence – 1.e4 c5 2.Na3 – named after Vadim Zvjaginsev;[149]
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Bibliography
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
External links
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