List of astronauts by first flight

This is a list of astronauts by first flight, in chronological order, according to the international definition of an astronaut; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criterion of achieving an altitude higher than 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), thereby crossing the Kármán line. Personnel who qualify only for the United States Astronaut Badge, awarded to those who achieve an altitude of 50 mi (80 km; 260,000 ft), are listed at the X-15's highest flights and the VSS Unity test flights.

Astronauts

Table parameters

Legend
Italic	In the 'Name' column, denotes astronauts who have flown to the Moon without landing.
Bold	In the 'Name' column, denotes astronauts who have walked on the Moon.
Bold italic	In the 'Name' column, denotes astronauts who have walked on the Moon and who have also flown to the Moon without landing.
‡	After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight.[nb 1]
†	After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight.[nb 1]
~~Strikethrough~~	Denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was clearly intended[nb 2] to cross the Kármán line, but failed to do so.
Linked country	In the 'Nationality' column, denotes the first from that country to pass the Kármán line.

Table

Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space and in orbit.

Alan Shepard, the first American and the second person in space.

Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman and 12th person in space.

Alexei Leonov, joint 17th in space and first to perform an EVA.

John Young, 19th person in space, first to fly solo around the Moon and first to command a Space Shuttle.

Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).

Neil Armstrong, 26th person in space and first to set foot on the Moon.

Harrison Schmitt, joint 59th person in space. The most recent person and first geologist to have arrived on the Moon.

Vladimír Remek, 88th person in space and the first from a country other than the US or the Soviet Union.

Sigmund Jähn, 91st person in space and the first German.

Phạm Tuân, 97th person in space, and the first from an Asian country (Vietnam).

Story Musgrave, joint 116th person in space and the only person to have flown on all five NASA Space Shuttles.

Sally Ride, joint 120th person and the first American woman in space.

Guion Bluford, joint 125th person and the first African American in space.

Bruce McCandless, joint 133rd person in space and the first to perform an untethered EVA.

Rakesh Sharma, 139th person and the first Indian in space.

Anna Lee Fisher, joint 155th person and the first mother in space.

Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, joint 170th person, first royal, and first Saudi Arabian in space.

Rodolfo Neri Vela, joint 192nd and first Mexican in space.

Muhammed Faris, joint 202nd and first Syrian in space.

Anatoly Solovyev, joint 206th person in space and the person to have the most time in EVA, as of 2014.

Sergei Krikalev, 210th person and the person to have spent the most total time in space, as of 2014.

William Shepherd, joint 211th person in space and the first commander of the ISS.

Helen Sharman, joint 249th and first British astronaut.

Dirk Frimout, joint 268th and first Belgian to go into space.

Franco Malerba, joint 277th and first Italian to go into space.

Claude Nicollier, joint 277th and first Swiss to go into space.

Mae Jemison, joint 280th person and first African American woman to go into space.

Susan Helms, joint 286th person in space and first woman to serve on board the ISS.

Yuri Malenchenko, joint 309th person in space and first to marry in space.

Chiaki Mukai, joint 311th person and first Japanese woman in space.

Yelena Kondakova, 318th person in space and first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight.

Eileen Collins, the 322nd person in space, first female commander and first female pilot of a Space Shuttle.

Koichi Wakata, joint 339th person in space and first Japanese commander of the ISS.

Kalpana Chawla, joint 366th person, first Indian American astronaut and first Indian woman in space.

Pedro Duque, 384th person in space and first Spanish national.

Ivan Bella, 386th person and first Slovak in space.

Scott Kelly, 391st person and first of the first two identical twin brothers to go into space.

Dennis Tito, the 404th person in space and the first space tourist.

Mark Kelly, the 409th person in space, and the second of the first two identical twin brothers to go into space.

Mark Shuttleworth, 416th person in space and the first from an independent African country (South Africa).

Yang Liwei, the 432nd person in space and the first of the Chinese space program.

Mike Melvill, the 435th person in space and the first commercial astronaut of a privately flown and funded spaceflight.

Anousheh Ansari, the 449th person in space, first female space tourist and the first Iranian in space.

Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, joint 464th person and the first person from Malaysia to go into space.

Yi So-yeon, joint 475th person and the first Korean in space.

Richard Garriott, 486th person in space and first second-generation American to go into space.

Guy Laliberté, joint 506th person in space and the first Canadian space tourist.

Robert Satcher, joint 508th person and the first orthopedic surgeon in space.

Luca Parmitano, 532nd person in space and first Italian to be commander of an ISS expedition. He has been the youngest astronaut to undertake a long-duration mission. He is the first astronaut from Sicily.

Samantha Cristoforetti, 541st person in space, who has performed the longest single spaceflight by a woman, as of 2015.

Andreas Mogensen, joint 544th person and the first Dane in space.

Number	Name	Nationality	Date	Spacecraft	Ref.
1	Yuri Gagarin	Soviet Union	12 April 1961	Vostok 1	[1][2]
2	Alan Shepard	United States	5 May 1961	Freedom 7	[3][4][nb 3]
3	Virgil Grissom	United States	21 July 1961	Liberty Bell 7	[5][6][nb 3]
4	Gherman Titov	Soviet Union	6 August 1961	Vostok 2	[7]
5	John Glenn	United States	20 February 1962	Friendship 7	[8][9]
6	Scott Carpenter	United States	24 May 1962	Aurora 7	[10]
7	Andriyan Nikolayev	Soviet Union	11 August 1962	Vostok 3	[11][12]
8	Pavel Popovich	Soviet Union	12 August 1962	Vostok 4	[11][13]
9	Walter Schirra	United States	3 October 1962	Sigma 7	[14]
10	Gordon Cooper	United States	15 May 1963	Faith 7	[15]
11	Valery Bykovsky	Soviet Union	14 June 1963	Vostok 5	[16]
12	Valentina Tereshkova	Soviet Union	16 June 1963	Vostok 6	[17]
13	Joseph Walker	United States	19 July 1963	X-15 Flight 90	[18][nb 3]
14	Konstantin Feoktistov	Soviet Union	12 October 1964	Voskhod 1	[19]
	Vladimir Komarov †	Soviet Union	12 October 1964	Voskhod 1	[19][nb 4]
	Boris Yegorov	Soviet Union	12 October 1964	Voskhod 1	[19]
17	Pavel Belyayev	Soviet Union	18 March 1965	Voskhod 2	[20]
17	Alexei Leonov	Soviet Union	18 March 1965	Voskhod 2	[20]
19	John Young	United States	23 March 1965	Gemini 3	[21]
20	James McDivitt	United States	3 June 1965	Gemini 4	[22]
20	Edward White	United States	3 June 1965	Gemini 4	[22]
22	Pete Conrad	United States	21 August 1965	Gemini 5	[23]
23	Frank Borman	United States	4 December 1965	Gemini 7	[24]
23	James Lovell	United States	4 December 1965	Gemini 7	[24]
25	Thomas Stafford	United States	15 December 1965	Gemini 6A	[25]
26	Neil Armstrong	United States	16 March 1966	Gemini 8	[26]
26	David Scott	United States	16 March 1966	Gemini 8	[26]
28	Eugene Cernan	United States	3 June 1966	Gemini 9A	[27]
29	Michael Collins	United States	18 July 1966	Gemini 10	[28]
30	Richard Gordon	United States	12 September 1966	Gemini 11	[29]
31	Edwin Aldrin	United States	11 November 1966	Gemini 12	[30]
32	Walter Cunningham	United States	11 October 1968	Apollo 7	[31]
32	Donn Eisele	United States	11 October 1968	Apollo 7	[31]
34	Georgy Beregovoy	Soviet Union	26 October 1968	Soyuz 3	[32]
35	William Anders	United States	21 December 1968	Apollo 8	[33]
36	Vladimir Shatalov	Soviet Union	14 January 1969	Soyuz 4	[34]
37	Yevgeny Khrunov	Soviet Union	15 January 1969	Soyuz 5	[35]
	Boris Volynov	Soviet Union	15 January 1969	Soyuz 5	[35]
	Aleksei Yeliseyev	Soviet Union	15 January 1969	Soyuz 5	[35]
40	Russell Schweickart	United States	3 March 1969	Apollo 9	[36]
41	Valeri Kubasov	Soviet Union	11 October 1969	Soyuz 6	[37]
41	Georgy Shonin	Soviet Union	11 October 1969	Soyuz 6	[37]
43	Anatoly Filipchenko	Soviet Union	12 October 1969	Soyuz 7	[38]
	Viktor Gorbatko	Soviet Union	12 October 1969	Soyuz 7	[38]
	Vladislav Volkov †	Soviet Union	12 October 1969	Soyuz 7	[38][nb 5]
46	Alan Bean	United States	14 November 1969	Apollo 12	[39]
47	Fred Haise	United States	11 April 1970	Apollo 13	[40]
47	Jack Swigert	United States	11 April 1970	Apollo 13	[40]
49	Vitaly Sevastyanov	Soviet Union	1 June 1970	Soyuz 9	[41]
50	Edgar Mitchell	United States	31 January 1971	Apollo 14	[42]
50	Stuart Roosa	United States	31 January 1971	Apollo 14	[42]
52	Nikolay Rukavishnikov	Soviet Union	22 April 1971	Soyuz 10	[43]
53	Georgy Dobrovolsky ‡	Soviet Union	6 June 1971	Soyuz 11	[44][nb 5]
53	Viktor Patsayev ‡	Soviet Union	6 June 1971	Soyuz 11	[44][nb 5]
55	James Irwin	United States	26 July 1971	Apollo 15	[45]
55	Alfred Worden	United States	26 July 1971	Apollo 15	[45]
57	Charles Duke	United States	16 April 1972	Apollo 16	[46]
57	Ken Mattingly	United States	16 April 1972	Apollo 16	[46]
59	Ronald Evans	United States	7 December 1972	Apollo 17	[47]
59	Harrison Schmitt	United States	7 December 1972	Apollo 17	[47]
61	Joseph Kerwin	United States	25 May 1973	Skylab 2	[48]
61	Paul Weitz	United States	25 May 1973	Skylab 2	[48]
63	Owen Garriott	United States	28 July 1973	Skylab 3	[49]
63	Jack Lousma	United States	28 July 1973	Skylab 3	[49]
65	Vasily Lazarev	Soviet Union	27 September 1973	Soyuz 12	[50]
65	Oleg Makarov	Soviet Union	27 September 1973	Soyuz 12	[50]
67	Gerald Carr	United States	16 November 1973	Skylab 4	[51]
	Edward Gibson	United States	16 November 1973	Skylab 4	[51]
	William Pogue	United States	16 November 1973	Skylab 4	[51]
70	Pyotr Klimuk	Soviet Union	18 December 1973	Soyuz 13	[52]
70	Valentin Lebedev	Soviet Union	18 December 1973	Soyuz 13	[52]
72	Yury Artyukhin	Soviet Union	3 July 1974	Soyuz 14	[53]
73	Lev Dyomin	Soviet Union	26 August 1974	Soyuz 15	[54]
73	Gennadi Sarafanov	Soviet Union	26 August 1974	Soyuz 15	[54]
75	Georgy Grechko	Soviet Union	10 January 1975	Soyuz 17	[55]
75	Aleksei Gubarev	Soviet Union	10 January 1975	Soyuz 17	[55]
77	Vance Brand	United States	15 July 1975	ASTP	[56]
77	Donald Slayton	United States	15 July 1975	ASTP	[56]
79	Vitaly Zholobov	Soviet Union	6 July 1976	Soyuz 21	[57]
80	Vladimir Aksyonov	Soviet Union	15 September 1976	Soyuz 22	[58]
81	Valery Rozhdestvensky	Soviet Union	14 October 1976	Soyuz 23	[59]
81	Vyacheslav Zudov	Soviet Union	14 October 1976	Soyuz 23	[59]
83	Yury Glazkov	Soviet Union	7 February 1977	Soyuz 24	[60]
84	Vladimir Kovalyonok	Soviet Union	9 October 1977	Soyuz 25	[61]
84	Valery Ryumin	Soviet Union	9 October 1977	Soyuz 25	[61]
86	Yury Romanenko	Soviet Union	10 December 1977	Soyuz 26	[62]
87	Vladimir Dzhanibekov	Soviet Union	10 January 1978	Soyuz 27	[63]
88	Vladimír Remek	Czechoslovakia	2 March 1978	Soyuz 28	[64]
89	Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Soviet Union	15 June 1978	Soyuz 29	[65]
90	Mirosław Hermaszewski	Poland	27 June 1978	Soyuz 30	[66]
91	Sigmund Jähn	East Germany	26 August 1978	Soyuz 31	[67]
92	Vladimir Lyakhov	Soviet Union	25 February 1979	Soyuz 32	[68]
93	Georgi Ivanov	Bulgaria	10 April 1979	Soyuz 33	[69]
94	Leonid Popov	Soviet Union	9 April 1980	Soyuz 35	[70]
95	Bertalan Farkas	Hungary	26 May 1980	Soyuz 36	[71]
96	Yury Malyshev	Soviet Union	5 June 1980	Soyuz T-2	[72]
97	Phạm Tuân	Vietnam	23 July 1980	Soyuz 37	[73]
98	Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez	Cuba	18 September 1980	Soyuz 38	[74]
99	Leonid Kizim	Soviet Union	27 November 1980	Soyuz T-3	[75]
99	Gennadi Strekalov	Soviet Union	27 November 1980	Soyuz T-3	[75]
101	Viktor Savinykh	Soviet Union	12 March 1981	Soyuz T-4	[76]
102	Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa	Mongolia	22 March 1981	Soyuz 39	[77]
103	Robert Crippen	United States	12 April 1981	STS-1	[78][79]
104	Dumitru Prunariu	Romania	14 May 1981	Soyuz 40	[80]
105	Joseph Engle	United States	12 November 1981	STS-2	[81]
105	Richard Truly	United States	12 November 1981	STS-2	[81]
107	Charles Fullerton	United States	22 March 1982	STS-3	[82]
108	Anatoly Berezovoy	Soviet Union	13 May 1982	Soyuz T-5	[83]
109	Jean-Loup Chrétien	France	24 June 1982	Soyuz T-6	[84]
110	Henry Hartsfield	United States	27 June 1982	STS-4	[85]
111	Svetlana Savitskaya	Soviet Union	19 August 1982	Soyuz T-7	[86]
111	Aleksandr Serebrov	Soviet Union	19 August 1982	Soyuz T-7	[86]
113	Joseph Allen	United States	11 November 1982	STS-5	[87]
	William Lenoir	United States	11 November 1982	STS-5	[87]
	Robert Overmyer	United States	11 November 1982	STS-5	[87]
116	Karol Bobko	United States	4 April 1983	STS-6	[88]
	Story Musgrave	United States	4 April 1983	STS-6	[88]
	Donald Peterson	United States	4 April 1983	STS-6	[88]
119	Vladimir Titov	Soviet Union	20 April 1983	Soyuz T-8	[89]
120	John Fabian	United States	18 June 1983	STS-7	[90]
	Frederick Hauck	United States	18 June 1983	STS-7	[90]
	Sally Ride	United States	18 June 1983	STS-7	[90]
	Norman Thagard	United States	18 June 1983	STS-7	[90]
124	Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov	Soviet Union	27 June 1983	Soyuz T-9	[91]
125	Guion Bluford	United States	30 August 1983	STS-8	[92]
	Daniel Brandenstein	United States	30 August 1983	STS-8	[92]
	Dale Gardner	United States	30 August 1983	STS-8	[92]
	William Thornton	United States	30 August 1983	STS-8	[92]
129	Byron Lichtenberg	United States	28 November 1983	STS-9	[93]
	Ulf Merbold	West Germany	28 November 1983	STS-9	[93]
	Robert Parker	United States	28 November 1983	STS-9	[93]
	Brewster Shaw	United States	28 November 1983	STS-9	[93]
133	Robert Gibson	United States	3 February 1984	STS-41-B	[94]
	Bruce McCandless	United States	3 February 1984	STS-41-B	[94]
	Ronald McNair †	United States	3 February 1984	STS-41-B	[94][nb 6]
	Robert Stewart	United States	3 February 1984	STS-41-B	[94]
137	Oleg Atkov	Soviet Union	8 February 1984	Soyuz T-10	[95]
137	Vladimir Solovyov	Soviet Union	8 February 1984	Soyuz T-10	[95]
139	Rakesh Sharma	India	3 April 1984	Soyuz T-11	[96]
140	Terry Hart	United States	6 April 1984	STS-41-C	[97]
	George Nelson	United States	6 April 1984	STS-41-C	[97]
	Francis Scobee †	United States	6 April 1984	STS-41-C	[97][nb 6]
	James van Hoften	United States	6 April 1984	STS-41-C	[97]
144	Igor Volk	Soviet Union	17 July 1984	Soyuz T-12	[98]
145	Michael Coats	United States	30 August 1984	STS-41-D	[99]
	Steven Hawley	United States	30 August 1984	STS-41-D	[99]
	Richard Mullane	United States	30 August 1984	STS-41-D	[99]
	Judith Resnik †	United States	30 August 1984	STS-41-D	[99][nb 6]
	Charles Walker	United States	30 August 1984	STS-41-D	[99]
150	Marc Garneau	Canada	5 October 1984	STS-41-G	[100]
	David Leestma	United States	5 October 1984	STS-41-G	[100]
	Jon McBride	United States	5 October 1984	STS-41-G	[100]
	Paul Scully-Power	United States	5 October 1984	STS-41-G	[100]
	Kathryn Sullivan	United States	5 October 1984	STS-41-G	[100]
155	Anna Fisher	United States	8 November 1984	STS-51-A	[101]
155	David Walker	United States	8 November 1984	STS-51-A	[101]
157	James Buchli	United States	24 January 1985	STS-51-C	[102]
	Ellison Onizuka †	United States	24 January 1985	STS-51-C	[102][nb 6]
	Gary Payton	United States	24 January 1985	STS-51-C	[102]
	Loren Shriver	United States	24 January 1985	STS-51-C	[102]
161	Edwin Garn	United States	12 April 1985	STS-51-D	[103]
	Stanley Griggs	United States	12 April 1985	STS-51-D	[103]
	Jeffrey Hoffman	United States	12 April 1985	STS-51-D	[103]
	Margaret Seddon	United States	12 April 1985	STS-51-D	[103]
	Donald Williams	United States	12 April 1985	STS-51-D	[103]
166	Frederick Gregory	United States	29 April 1985	STS-51-B	[104]
	Don Lind	United States	29 April 1985	STS-51-B	[104]
	Lodewijk van den Berg	United States	29 April 1985	STS-51-B	[104][nb 7]
	Taylor Wang	United States	29 April 1985	STS-51-B	[104]
170	Sultan Al-Saud	Saudi Arabia	17 June 1985	STS-51-G	[105]
	Patrick Baudry	France	17 June 1985	STS-51-G	[105]
	John Creighton	United States	17 June 1985	STS-51-G	[105]
	Shannon Lucid	United States	17 June 1985	STS-51-G	[105]
	Steven Nagel	United States	17 June 1985	STS-51-G	[105]
175	Loren Acton	United States	29 July 1985	STS-51-F	[106]
	John Bartoe	United States	29 July 1985	STS-51-F	[106]
	Roy Bridges	United States	29 July 1985	STS-51-F	[106]
	Anthony England	United States	29 July 1985	STS-51-F	[106]
	Karl Henize	United States	29 July 1985	STS-51-F	[106]
180	Richard Covey	United States	27 August 1985	STS-51-I	[107]
	William Fisher	United States	27 August 1985	STS-51-I	[107]
	John Lounge	United States	27 August 1985	STS-51-I	[107]
183	Vladimir Vasyutin	Soviet Union	17 September 1985	Soyuz T-14	[108]
183	Aleksandr Volkov	Soviet Union	17 September 1985	Soyuz T-14	[108]
185	Ronald Grabe	United States	3 October 1985	STS-51-J	[109]
	David Hilmers	United States	3 October 1985	STS-51-J	[109]
	William Pailes	United States	3 October 1985	STS-51-J	[109]
188	Bonnie Dunbar	United States	30 October 1985	STS-61-A	[110]
	Reinhard Furrer	West Germany	30 October 1985	STS-61-A	[110]
	Ernst Messerschmid	West Germany	30 October 1985	STS-61-A	[110]
	Wubbo Ockels	Netherlands	30 October 1985	STS-61-A	[110]
192	Mary Cleave	United States	27 November 1985	STS-61-B	[111]
	Rodolfo Neri Vela	Mexico	27 November 1985	STS-61-B	[111]
	Bryan O'Connor	United States	27 November 1985	STS-61-B	[111]
	Jerry Ross	United States	27 November 1985	STS-61-B	[111]
	Sherwood Spring	United States	27 November 1985	STS-61-B	[111]
197	Charles Bolden	United States	12 January 1986	STS-61-C	[112]
	Robert Cenker	United States	12 January 1986	STS-61-C	[112]
	Franklin Chang Díaz	United States	12 January 1986	STS-61-C	[112][nb 8]
	Clarence "Bill" Nelson	United States	12 January 1986	STS-61-C	[112]
—	~~Michael J. Smith~~ ‡	~~United States~~	~~28 January 1986~~	~~STS-51-L~~	[113][nb 6]
	~~Gregory Jarvis~~ ‡	~~United States~~	~~28 January 1986~~	~~STS-51-L~~	[114][nb 6]
	~~Christa McAuliffe~~ ‡	~~United States~~	~~28 January 1986~~	~~STS-51-L~~	[115][nb 6]
201	Aleksandr Laveykin	Soviet Union	5 February 1987	Soyuz TM-2	[116]
202	Muhammed Faris	Syria	22 July 1987	Soyuz TM-3	[117]
202	Aleksandr Viktorenko	Soviet Union	22 July 1987	Soyuz TM-3	[117]
204	Anatoly Levchenko	Soviet Union	21 December 1987	Soyuz TM-4	[118]
204	Musa Manarov	Soviet Union	21 December 1987	Soyuz TM-4	[118]
206	Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov	Bulgaria	7 June 1988	Soyuz TM-5	[119]
206	Anatoly Solovyev	Soviet Union	7 June 1988	Soyuz TM-5	[119]
208	Abdul Mohmand	Afghanistan	29 August 1988	Soyuz TM-6	[120]
208	Valeri Polyakov	Soviet Union	29 August 1988	Soyuz TM-6	[120]
210	Sergei Krikalev	Soviet Union	26 November 1988	Soyuz TM-7	[121]
211	Guy Gardner	United States	2 December 1988	STS-27	[122]
211	William Shepherd	United States	2 December 1988	STS-27	[122]
213	James Bagian	United States	13 March 1989	STS-29	[123]
	John Blaha	United States	13 March 1989	STS-29	[123]
	Robert Springer	United States	13 March 1989	STS-29	[123]
216	Mark Lee	United States	4 May 1989	STS-30	[124]
217	James Adamson	United States	8 August 1989	STS-28	[125]
	Mark Brown	United States	8 August 1989	STS-28	[125]
	Richard Richards	United States	8 August 1989	STS-28	[125]
220	Ellen Baker	United States	18 October 1989	STS-34	[126]
220	Michael McCulley	United States	18 October 1989	STS-34	[126]
222	Manly Carter	United States	23 November 1989	STS-33	[127]
222	Kathryn Thornton	United States	23 November 1989	STS-33	[127]
224	Marsha Ivins	United States	9 January 1990	STS-32	[128]
	George Low	United States	9 January 1990	STS-32	[128]
	James Wetherbee	United States	9 January 1990	STS-32	[128]
227	Aleksandr Balandin	Soviet Union	11 February 1990	Soyuz TM-9	[129]
228	John Casper	United States	28 February 1990	STS-36	[130]
228	Pierre Thuot	United States	28 February 1990	STS-36	[130]
230	Gennadi Manakov	Soviet Union	1 August 1990	Soyuz TM-10	[131]
231	Thomas Akers	United States	6 October 1990	STS-41	[132]
	Robert Cabana	United States	6 October 1990	STS-41	[132]
	Bruce Melnick	United States	6 October 1990	STS-41	[132]
234	Frank Culbertson	United States	15 November 1990	STS-38	[133]
	Charles Gemar	United States	15 November 1990	STS-38	[133]
	Carl Meade	United States	15 November 1990	STS-38	[133]
237	Samuel Durrance	United States	2 December 1990	STS-35	[134]
237	Ronald Parise	United States	2 December 1990	STS-35	[134]
239	Viktor Afanasyev	Soviet Union	2 December 1990	Soyuz TM-11	[135]
239	Toyohiro Akiyama	Japan	2 December 1990	Soyuz TM-11	[135]
241	Jerome Apt	United States	5 April 1991	STS-37	[136]
	Kenneth Cameron	United States	5 April 1991	STS-37	[136]
	Linda Godwin	United States	5 April 1991	STS-37	[136]
244	Lloyd Hammond	United States	28 April 1991	STS-39	[137]
	Gregory Harbaugh	United States	28 April 1991	STS-39	[137]
	Richard Hieb	United States	28 April 1991	STS-39	[137]
	Donald McMonagle	United States	28 April 1991	STS-39	[137]
	Charles Veach	United States	28 April 1991	STS-39	[137]
249	Anatoly Artsebarsky	Soviet Union	18 May 1991	Soyuz TM-12	[138]
249	Helen Sharman	United Kingdom	18 May 1991	Soyuz TM-12	[138]
251	Francis Gaffney	United States	5 June 1991	STS-40	[139]
	Sidney Gutierrez	United States	5 June 1991	STS-40	[139]
	Millie Hughes-Fulford	United States	5 June 1991	STS-40	[139]
	Tamara Jernigan	United States	5 June 1991	STS-40	[139]
255	Michael Baker	United States	2 August 1991	STS-43	[140]
256	Kenneth Reightler	United States	12 September 1991	STS-48	[141]
257	Toktar Aubakirov	Soviet Union	2 October 1991	Soyuz TM-13	[142]
257	Franz Viehböck	Austria	2 October 1991	Soyuz TM-13	[142]
259	Thomas Hennen	United States	25 November 1991	STS-44	[143]
	Terence Henricks	United States	25 November 1991	STS-44	[143]
	Mario Runco	United States	25 November 1991	STS-44	[143]
	James Voss	United States	25 November 1991	STS-44	[143]
263	Roberta Bondar	Canada	22 January 1992	STS-42	[144]
	Stephen Oswald	United States	22 January 1992	STS-42	[144]
	William Readdy	United States	22 January 1992	STS-42	[144]
266	Klaus-Dietrich Flade	Germany	17 March 1992	Soyuz TM-14	[145]
266	Aleksandr Kaleri	Russia	17 March 1992	Soyuz TM-14	[145]
268	Brian Duffy	United States	24 March 1992	STS-45	[146]
	Michael Foale	United States	24 March 1992	STS-45	[146][nb 9]
	Dirk Frimout	Belgium	24 March 1992	STS-45	[146]
271	Kevin Chilton	United States	7 May 1992	STS-49	[146]
272	Kenneth Bowersox	United States	25 June 1992	STS-50	[147]
	Lawrence DeLucas	United States	25 June 1992	STS-50	[147]
	Eugene Trinh	United States	25 June 1992	STS-50	[147]
275	Sergei Avdeyev	Russia	27 July 1992	Soyuz TM-15	[148]
275	Michel Tognini	France	27 July 1992	Soyuz TM-15	[148]
277	Andrew Allen	United States	31 July 1992	STS-46	[149]
	Franco Malerba	Italy	31 July 1992	STS-46	[149]
	Claude Nicollier	Switzerland	31 July 1992	STS-46	[149]
280	Curtis Brown	United States	12 September 1992	STS-47	[150]
	Nancy Davis	United States	12 September 1992	STS-47	[150]
	Mae Jemison	United States	12 September 1992	STS-47	[150]
	Mamoru Mohri	Japan	12 September 1992	STS-47	[150]
284	Steven MacLean	Canada	22 October 1992	STS-52	[151]
285	Michael Clifford	United States	2 December 1992	STS-53	[152]
286	Susan Helms	United States	13 January 1993	STS-54	[153]
287	Aleksandr Poleshchuk	Russia	24 January 1993	Soyuz TM-16	[154]
288	Kenneth Cockrell	United States	8 April 1993	STS-56	[155]
288	Ellen Ochoa	United States	8 April 1993	STS-56	[155]
290	Bernard Harris	United States	26 April 1993	STS-55	[156]
	Charles Precourt	United States	26 April 1993	STS-55	[156]
	Hans Schlegel	Germany	26 April 1993	STS-55	[156]
	Ulrich Walter	Germany	26 April 1993	STS-55	[156]
294	Nancy Currie	United States	21 June 1993	STS-57	[157]
	Janice Voss	United States	21 June 1993	STS-57	[157]
	Peter Wisoff	United States	21 June 1993	STS-57	[157]
297	Jean-Pierre Haigneré	France	1 July 1993	Soyuz TM-17	[158]
297	Vasily Tsibliyev	Russia	1 July 1993	Soyuz TM-17	[158]
299	Daniel Bursch	United States	12 September 1993	STS-51	[159]
	James Newman	United States	12 September 1993	STS-51	[159]
	Carl Walz	United States	12 September 1993	STS-51	[159]
302	Martin Fettman	United States	18 October 1993	STS-58	[160]
	William McArthur	United States	18 October 1993	STS-58	[160]
	Richard Searfoss	United States	18 October 1993	STS-58	[160]
	David Wolf	United States	18 October 1993	STS-58	[160]
306	Yury Usachov	Russia	8 January 1994	Soyuz TM-18	[161]
307	Ronald Sega	United States	3 February 1994	STS-60	[162]
308	Thomas Jones	United States	9 April 1994	STS-59	[163]
309	Yuri Malenchenko	Russia	1 July 1994	Soyuz TM-19	[164]
309	Talgat Musabayev	Russia	1 July 1994	Soyuz TM-19	[164]
311	Leroy Chiao	United States	8 July 1994	STS-65	[165]
	James Halsell	United States	8 July 1994	STS-65	[165]
	Chiaki Mukai	Japan	8 July 1994	STS-65	[165]
	Donald Thomas	United States	8 July 1994	STS-65	[165]
315	Jerry Linenger	United States	9 September 1994	STS-64	[166]
316	Stephen Smith	United States	30 September 1994	STS-68	[167]
316	Terrence Wilcutt	United States	30 September 1994	STS-68	[167]
318	Yelena Kondakova	Russia	3 October 1994	Soyuz TM-20	[168]
319	Jean-François Clervoy	France	3 November 1994	STS-66	[169]
	Scott Parazynski	United States	3 November 1994	STS-66	[169]
	Joseph Tanner	United States	3 November 1994	STS-66	[169]
322	Eileen Collins	United States	3 February 1995	STS-63	[170]
323	William Gregory	United States	2 March 1995	STS-67	[171]
	John Grunsfeld	United States	2 March 1995	STS-67	[171]
	Wendy Lawrence	United States	2 March 1995	STS-67	[171]
326	Vladimir Dezhurov	Russia	14 March 1995	Soyuz TM-21	[172]
327	Nikolai Budarin	Russia	27 June 1995	STS-71	[173]
328	Kevin Kregel	United States	13 July 1995	STS-70	[174]
328	Mary Weber	United States	13 July 1995	STS-70	[174]
330	Yuri Gidzenko	Russia	3 September 1995	Soyuz TM-22	[175]
330	Thomas Reiter	Germany	3 September 1995	Soyuz TM-22	[175]
332	Michael Gernhardt	United States	7 September 1995	STS-69	[176]
333	Catherine Coleman	United States	20 October 1995	STS-73	[177]
	Frederick Leslie	United States	20 October 1995	STS-73	[177]
	Michael López-Alegría	United States	20 October 1995	STS-73	[177]
	Kent Rominger	United States	20 October 1995	STS-73	[177]
	Albert Sacco	United States	20 October 1995	STS-73	[177]
338	Chris Hadfield	Canada	12 November 1995	STS-74	[178]
339	Daniel Barry	United States	11 January 1996	STS-72	[179]
	Brent Jett	United States	11 January 1996	STS-72	[179]
	Winston Scott	United States	11 January 1996	STS-72	[179]
	Koichi Wakata	Japan	11 January 1996	STS-72	[179]
343	Yury Onufriyenko	Russia	21 February 1996	Soyuz TM-23	[180]
344	Maurizio Cheli	Italy	22 February 1996	STS-75	[181]
	Umberto Guidoni	Italy	22 February 1996	STS-75	[181]
	Scott Horowitz	United States	22 February 1996	STS-75	[181]
347	Andrew Thomas	United States	19 May 1996	STS-77	[182]
348	Charles Brady	United States	20 June 1996	STS-78	[183]
	Jean-Jacques Favier	France	20 June 1996	STS-78	[183]
	Richard Linnehan	United States	20 June 1996	STS-78	[183]
	Robert Thirsk	Canada	20 June 1996	STS-78	[183]
352	Claudie Haigneré	France	17 August 1996	Soyuz TM-24	[184]
352	Valery Korzun	Russia	17 August 1996	Soyuz TM-24	[184]
354	Reinhold Ewald	Germany	10 February 1997	Soyuz TM-25	[185]
354	Aleksandr Lazutkin	Russia	10 February 1997	Soyuz TM-25	[185]
356	Roger Crouch	United States	4 April 1997	STS-83	[186]
	Gregory Linteris	United States	4 April 1997	STS-83	[186]
	Susan Kilrain	United States	4 April 1997	STS-83	[186]
359	Edward Lu	United States	15 May 1997	STS-84	[187]
359	Carlos Noriega	United States	15 May 1997	STS-84	[187]
361	Pavel Vinogradov	Russia	5 August 1997	Soyuz TM-26	[188]
362	Robert Curbeam	United States	7 August 1997	STS-85	[189]
	Stephen Robinson	United States	7 August 1997	STS-85	[189]
	Bjarni Tryggvason	Canada	7 August 1997	STS-85	[189]
365	Michael Bloomfield	United States	26 September 1997	STS-86	[190]
366	Kalpana Chawla †	United States	19 November 1997	STS-87	[191][nb 10]
	Takao Doi	Japan	19 November 1997	STS-87	[191]
	Leonid Kadeniuk	Ukraine	19 November 1997	STS-87	[191]
	Steven Lindsey	United States	19 November 1997	STS-87	[191]
370	Michael Anderson †	United States	23 January 1998	STS-89	[192][nb 10]
	Joe Edwards	United States	23 January 1998	STS-89	[192]
	James Reilly	United States	23 January 1998	STS-89	[192]
	Salizhan Sharipov	Russia	23 January 1998	STS-89	[192]
374	Léopold Eyharts	France	29 January 1998	Soyuz TM-27	[193]
375	Scott Altman	United States	17 April 1998	STS-90	[194]
	Jay Buckey	United States	17 April 1998	STS-90	[194]
	Kathryn Hire	United States	17 April 1998	STS-90	[194]
	James Pawelczyk	United States	17 April 1998	STS-90	[194]
	Dafydd Williams	Canada	17 April 1998	STS-90	[194]
380	Dominic Gorie	United States	2 June 1998	STS-91	[195]
380	Janet Kavandi	United States	2 June 1998	STS-91	[195]
382	Yuri Baturin	Russia	13 August 1998	Soyuz TM-28	[196]
382	Gennady Padalka	Russia	13 August 1998	Soyuz TM-28	[196]
384	Pedro Duque	Spain	29 October 1998	STS-95	[197]
385	Frederick Sturckow	United States	4 December 1998	STS-88	[198]
386	Ivan Bella	Slovakia	20 February 1999	Soyuz TM-29	[199]
387	Rick Husband †	United States	27 May 1999	STS-96	[200][nb 10]
	Julie Payette	Canada	27 May 1999	STS-96	[200]
	Valeri Tokarev	Russia	27 May 1999	STS-96	[200]
390	Jeffrey Ashby	United States	23 July 1999	STS-93	[201]
391	Scott Kelly	United States	20 December 1999	STS-103	[202]
392	Gerhard Thiele	Germany	11 February 2000	STS-99	[203]
393	Sergei Zalyotin	Russia	4 April 2000	Soyuz TM-30	[204]
394	Jeffrey Williams	United States	19 May 2000	STS-101	[205]
395	Daniel Burbank	United States	8 September 2000	STS-106	[206]
	Richard Mastracchio	United States	8 September 2000	STS-106	[206]
	Boris Morukov	Russia	8 September 2000	STS-106	[206]
398	Pamela Melroy	United States	11 October 2000	STS-92	[207]
399	Mark Polansky	United States	7 February 2001	STS-98	[208]
400	James Kelly	United States	8 March 2001	STS-102	[209]
400	Paul Richards	United States	8 March 2001	STS-102	[209]
402	Yury Lonchakov	Russia	19 April 2001	STS-100	[210][211]
402	John Phillips	United States	19 April 2001	STS-100	[211][212]
404	Dennis Tito	United States	28 April 2001	Soyuz TM-32	[213]
405	Charles Hobaugh	United States	12 July 2001	STS-104	[214]
406	Patrick Forrester	United States	10 August 2001	STS-105	[215]
406	Mikhail Tyurin	Russia	10 August 2001	STS-105	[215]
408	Konstantin Kozeyev	Russia	21 October 2001	Soyuz TM-33	[216]
409	Mark Kelly	United States	5 December 2001	STS-108	[217]
409	Daniel Tani	United States	5 December 2001	STS-108	[217]
411	Duane Carey	United States	1 March 2002	STS-109	[218]
411	Michael Massimino	United States	1 March 2002	STS-109	[218]
413	Stephen Frick	United States	8 April 2002	STS-110	[219]
	Lee Morin	United States	8 April 2002	STS-110	[219]
	Rex Walheim	United States	8 April 2002	STS-110	[219]
416	Mark Shuttleworth	South Africa	25 April 2002	Soyuz TM-34	[220]
416	Roberto Vittori	Italy	25 April 2002	Soyuz TM-34	[220]
418	Paul Lockhart	United States	5 June 2002	STS-111	[221]
	Philippe Perrin	France	5 June 2002	STS-111	[221]
	Sergei Treshchov	Russia	5 June 2002	STS-111	[221]
	Peggy Whitson	United States	5 June 2002	STS-111	[221]
422	Sandra Magnus	United States	7 October 2002	STS-112	[222]
	Piers Sellers	United States	7 October 2002	STS-112	[222][nb 11]
	Fyodor Yurchikhin	Russia	7 October 2002	STS-112	[222]
425	Frank De Winne	Belgium	30 October 2002	Soyuz TMA-1	[223]
426	John Herrington	United States	24 November 2002	STS-113	[224]
426	Donald Pettit	United States	24 November 2002	STS-113	[224]
428	David Brown ‡	United States	16 January 2003	STS-107	[225][nb 10]
	Laurel Clark ‡	United States	16 January 2003	STS-107	[225][nb 10]
	William McCool ‡	United States	16 January 2003	STS-107	[225][nb 10]
	Ilan Ramon ‡	Israel	16 January 2003	STS-107	[225][nb 10]
432	Yang Liwei	China	15 October 2003	Shenzhou 5	[226]
433	Edward Fincke	United States	19 April 2004	Soyuz TMA-4	[227]
433	André Kuipers	Netherlands	19 April 2004	Soyuz TMA-4	[227]
435	Michael Melvill	United States	21 June 2004	SpaceShipOne 15P	[228][229][230][nb 3]
436	Brian Binnie	United States	4 October 2004	SpaceShipOne 17P	[230][231][232][nb 3]
437	Yuri Shargin	Russia	14 October 2004	Soyuz TMA-5	[233]
438	Charles Camarda	United States	26 July 2005	STS-114	[234]
438	Soichi Noguchi	Japan	26 July 2005	STS-114	[234]
440	Gregory Olsen	United States	1 October 2005	Soyuz TMA-7	[235]
441	Fei Junlong	China	12 October 2005	Shenzhou 6	[236]
441	Nie Haisheng	China	12 October 2005	Shenzhou 6	[236]
443	Marcos Pontes	Brazil	30 March 2006	Soyuz TMA-8	[237]
444	Michael Fossum	United States	4 July 2006	STS-121	[238]
	Lisa Nowak	United States	4 July 2006	STS-121	[238]
	Stephanie Wilson	United States	4 July 2006	STS-121	[238]
447	Christopher Ferguson	United States	9 September 2006	STS-115	[239]
447	Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper	United States	9 September 2006	STS-115	[239]
449	Anousheh Ansari	United States	18 September 2006	Soyuz TMA-9	[240][nb 12]
450	Christer Fuglesang	Sweden	10 December 2006	STS-116	[241]
	Joan Higginbotham	United States	10 December 2006	STS-116	[241]
	William Oefelein	United States	10 December 2006	STS-116	[241]
	Nicholas Patrick	United States	10 December 2006	STS-116	[241][nb 13]
	Sunita Williams	United States	10 December 2006	STS-116	[241]
455	Oleg Kotov	Russia	7 April 2007	Soyuz TMA-10	[242]
455	Charles Simonyi	United States	7 April 2007	Soyuz TMA-10	[242]
457	Clayton Anderson	United States	8 June 2007	STS-117	[243]
	Lee Archambault	United States	8 June 2007	STS-117	[243]
	John Olivas	United States	8 June 2007	STS-117	[243]
	Steven Swanson	United States	8 June 2007	STS-117	[243]
461	Tracy Caldwell Dyson	United States	8 August 2007	STS-118	[244]
	Benjamin Drew	United States	8 August 2007	STS-118	[244]
	Barbara Morgan	United States	8 August 2007	STS-118	[244]
464	Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor	Malaysia	10 October 2007	Soyuz TMA-11	[245]
465	Paolo Nespoli	Italy	23 October 2007	STS-120	[246]
	Douglas Wheelock	United States	23 October 2007	STS-120	[246]
	George Zamka	United States	23 October 2007	STS-120	[246]
468	Stanley Love	United States	7 February 2008	STS-122	[247]
	Leland Melvin	United States	7 February 2008	STS-122	[247]
	Alan Poindexter	United States	7 February 2008	STS-122	[247]
471	Robert Behnken	United States	11 March 2008	STS-123	[248]
	Michael Foreman	United States	11 March 2008	STS-123	[248]
	Gregory Johnson	United States	11 March 2008	STS-123	[248]
	Garrett Reisman	United States	11 March 2008	STS-123	[248]
475	Oleg Kononenko	Russia	8 April 2008	Soyuz TMA-12	[249]
	Sergey Volkov	Russia	8 April 2008	Soyuz TMA-12	[249]
	Yi So-Yeon	South Korea	8 April 2008	Soyuz TMA-12	[249]
478	Gregory Chamitoff	United States	31 May 2008	STS-124	[250]
	Ronald Garan	United States	31 May 2008	STS-124	[250]
	Kenneth Ham	United States	31 May 2008	STS-124	[250]
	Akihiko Hoshide	Japan	31 May 2008	STS-124	[250]
	Karen Nyberg	United States	31 May 2008	STS-124	[250]
483	Jing Haipeng	China	25 September 2008	Shenzhou 7	[251]
	Liu Boming	China	25 September 2008	Shenzhou 7	[251]
	Zhai Zhigang	China	25 September 2008	Shenzhou 7	[251]
486	Richard Garriott	United States	12 October 2008	Soyuz TMA-13	[252]
487	Eric Boe	United States	15 November 2008	STS-126	[253]
	Stephen Bowen	United States	15 November 2008	STS-126	[253]
	Robert Kimbrough	United States	15 November 2008	STS-126	[253]
490	Joseph Acaba	United States	15 March 2009	STS-119	[254]
	Dominic Antonelli	United States	15 March 2009	STS-119	[254]
	Richard Arnold	United States	15 March 2009	STS-119	[254]
493	Michael Barratt	United States	26 March 2009	Soyuz TMA-14	[255]
494	Andrew Feustel	United States	11 May 2009	STS-125	[256]
	Michael Good	United States	11 May 2009	STS-125	[256]
	Gregory Johnson	United States	11 May 2009	STS-125	[256]
	Megan McArthur	United States	11 May 2009	STS-125	[256]
498	Roman Romanenko	Russia	27 May 2009	Soyuz TMA-15	[257]
499	Christopher Cassidy	United States	15 July 2009	STS-127	[258]
	Douglas Hurley	United States	15 July 2009	STS-127	[258]
	Timothy Kopra	United States	15 July 2009	STS-127	[258]
	Thomas Marshburn	United States	15 July 2009	STS-127	[258]
503	Kevin Ford	United States	29 August 2009	STS-128	[259]
	José M. Hernández	United States	29 August 2009	STS-128	[259]
	Nicole Stott	United States	29 August 2009	STS-128	[259]
506	Guy Laliberté	Canada	30 September 2009	Soyuz TMA-16	[260]
506	Maksim Surayev	Russia	30 September 2009	Soyuz TMA-16	[260]
508	Randolph Bresnik	United States	12 November 2009	STS-129	[261]
	Robert Satcher	United States	12 November 2009	STS-129	[261]
	Barry Wilmore	United States	12 November 2009	STS-129	[261]
511	Timothy Creamer	United States	20 December 2009	Soyuz TMA-17	[262]
512	Terry Virts	United States	8 February 2010	STS-130	[263]
513	Mikhail Korniyenko	Russia	2 April 2010	Soyuz TMA-18	[264]
513	Aleksandr Skvortsov	Russia	2 April 2010	Soyuz TMA-18	[264]
515	James Dutton	United States	5 April 2010	STS-131	[265]
	Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger	United States	5 April 2010	STS-131	[265]
	Naoko Yamazaki	Japan	5 April 2010	STS-131	[265]
518	Shannon Walker	United States	15 June 2010	Soyuz TMA-19	[266]
519	Oleg Skripochka	Russia	7 October 2010	Soyuz TMA-01M	[267]
520	Dmitri Kondratyev	Russia	15 December 2010	Soyuz TMA-20	[268]
521	Andrei Borisenko	Russia	4 April 2011	Soyuz TMA-21	[269]
521	Aleksandr Samokutyayev	Russia	4 April 2011	Soyuz TMA-21	[269]
523	Satoshi Furukawa	Japan	7 June 2011	Soyuz TMA-02M	[270]
524	Anatoli Ivanishin	Russia	14 November 2011	Soyuz TMA-22	[271]
524	Anton Shkaplerov	Russia	14 November 2011	Soyuz TMA-22	[271]
526	Sergei Revin	Russia	15 May 2012	Soyuz TMA-04M	[272]
527	Liu Wang	China	16 June 2012	Shenzhou 9	[273]
527	Liu Yang	China	16 June 2012	Shenzhou 9	[273]
529	Oleg Novitskiy	Russia	23 October 2012	Soyuz TMA-06M	[274]
529	Evgeny Tarelkin	Russia	23 October 2012	Soyuz TMA-06M	[274]
531	Alexander Misurkin	Russia	28 March 2013	Soyuz TMA-08M	[275]
532	Luca Parmitano	Italy	28 May 2013	Soyuz TMA-09M	[276]
533	Zhang Xiaoguang	China	11 June 2013	Shenzhou 10	[277]
533	Wang Yaping	China	11 June 2013	Shenzhou 10	[277]
535	Michael Hopkins	United States	25 September 2013	Soyuz TMA-10M	[278]
535	Sergey Ryazansky	Russia	25 September 2013	Soyuz TMA-10M	[278]
537	Oleg Artemyev	Russia	25 March 2014	Soyuz TMA-12M	[279]
538	Reid Wiseman	United States	28 May 2014	Soyuz TMA-13M	[280]
538	Alexander Gerst	Germany	28 May 2014	Soyuz TMA-13M	[280]
540	Yelena Serova	Russia	25 September 2014	Soyuz TMA-14M	[281]
541	Samantha Cristoforetti	Italy	23 November 2014	Soyuz TMA-15M	[282]
542	Kimiya Yui	Japan	22 July 2015	Soyuz TMA-17M	[283]
542	Kjell N. Lindgren	United States	22 July 2015	Soyuz TMA-17M	[283]
544	Andreas Mogensen	Denmark	2 September 2015	Soyuz TMA-18M	[284]
544	Aidyn Aimbetov	Kazakhstan	2 September 2015	Soyuz TMA-18M	[284]
546	Tim Peake	United Kingdom	15 December 2015	Soyuz TMA-19M	[285][286]
547	Aleksey Ovchinin	Russia	18 March 2016	Soyuz TMA-20M	[287]
548	Takuya Onishi	Japan	7 July 2016	Soyuz MS-01	[288]
548	Kathleen Rubins	United States	7 July 2016	Soyuz MS-01	[288]
550	Chen Dong	China	17 October 2016	Shenzhou 11	[289]
551	Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov	Russia	19 October 2016	Soyuz MS-02	[290]
552	Thomas Pesquet	France	17 November 2016	Soyuz MS-03	[291]
553	Jack Fischer	United States	20 April 2017	Soyuz MS-04	[292]
554	Mark Vande Hei	United States	12 September 2017	Soyuz MS-06	[293]
555	Norishige Kanai	Japan	17 December 2017	Soyuz MS-07	[294][295]
555	Scott D. Tingle	United States	17 December 2017	Soyuz MS-07	[294][295]
557	Sergey Prokopyev	Russia	6 June 2018	Soyuz MS-09	[296][297]
557	Serena Auñón-Chancellor	United States	6 June 2018	Soyuz MS-09	[296][297]
—	~~Nick Hague~~	~~United States~~	~~11 October 2018~~	~~Soyuz MS-10~~	[298][nb 14]
559	David Saint-Jacques	Canada	3 December 2018	Soyuz MS-11	[300]
559	Anne McClain	United States	3 December 2018	Soyuz MS-11	[300]
561	Nick Hague	United States	14 March 2019	Soyuz MS-12	[301]
561	Christina Koch	United States	14 March 2019	Soyuz MS-12	[301]
563	Andrew R. Morgan	United States	20 July 2019	Soyuz MS-13	[302]
564	Jessica Meir	United States	25 September 2019	Soyuz MS-15	[303]
564	Hazza Al Mansouri	UAE	25 September 2019	Soyuz MS-15	[303]
566	Ivan Vagner	Russia	9 April 2020	Soyuz MS-16	[304]

Notes

Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
i.e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above the Kármán line, for most of its launches.
Sub-orbital spaceflight
Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.
Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.
Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[299]

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"STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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"STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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"STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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"STS-51". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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"STS-60". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[OtherFatalities-1] Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.

[2] .e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above the Kármán line, for most of its launches.

[SO-7] Sub-orbital spaceflight

[23] Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.

[Soyuz11-43] Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.

[ChallengerDisaster-100] See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

[111] Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.

[120] Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.

[155] Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.

[ColumbiaDisaster-201] See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

[233] Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.

[252] Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.

[254] Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.

[313] Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[299]

[3] Taylor Redd, Nola (24 July 2012). "Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[4] "First man in space". History.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[5] "May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard in Spacesuit Before Mercury Launch". NASA. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[6] Taylor Redd, Nola (5 May 2014). "Alan Shepard: First American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[8] White, Mary C. "Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - Gus Grissom". NASA History. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[9] Howell, Elizabeth (28 January 2014). "Gus Grissom: 2nd American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[10] "1961: Russian cosmonaut spends day in space". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[11] "Liftoff of John Glenn's Friendship 7, Feb. 20, 1962". NASA. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[12] "Glenn Orbits the Earth". NASA. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[13] "May 24, 1962 - Scott Carpenter on the Way to Mercury-Atlas 7 Launch Site". NASA. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[RSW-14] "Joint flight of Vostok-3 and Vostok-4". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[15] "Vostok 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[16] "Vostok 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[17] "Mercury 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[18] "Mercury 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[19] "Vostok 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[20] "Vostok 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[21] "Appendix A: X-15 Flight Log". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Voskhod1-22] "Voskhod". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[Voskhod2-24] "Voskhod 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[25] "Gemini 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Gemini4-26] "Gemini 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[27] "Gemini 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Gemini7-28] "Gemini 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[29] "Gemini 6A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Gemini8-30] "Gemini 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[31] "Gemini 9A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[32] "Gemini 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[33] "Gemini 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[34] "Gemini 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Apollo7-35] "Apollo 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[36] "Soyuz 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[37] "Apollo 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[38] "Soyuz 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[Souyz5-39] "Soyuz 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[40] "Apollo 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Souyz6-41] "Soyuz 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[Souyz7-42] "Soyuz 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[44] "Apollo 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Apollo13-45] "Apollo 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Souyz9-46] "Soyuz 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Apollo14-47] "Apollo 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Souyz10-48] "Soyuz 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Souyz11-49] "Soyuz 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Apollo15-50] "Apollo 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Apollo16-51] "Apollo 16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Apollo17-52] "Apollo 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Skylab2-53] "Skylab 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Skylab3-54] "Skylab 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Souyz12-55] "Soyuz 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Skylab4-56] "Skylab 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Souyz13-57] "Soyuz 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[58] "Soyuz 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Souyz15-59] "Soyuz 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Souyz17-60] "Soyuz 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[ASTP-61] "ASTP". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[62] "Soyuz 21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[63] "Soyuz 22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Souyz23-64] "Soyuz 23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[65] "Soyuz 24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Souyz25-66] "Soyuz 25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[67] "Soyuz 26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[68] "Soyuz 27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[69] "Soyuz 28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[70] "Soyuz 29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[71] "Soyuz 30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[72] "Soyuz 31". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[73] "Soyuz 32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[74] "Soyuz 33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[75] "Soyuz 35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[76] "Soyuz 36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[77] "Soyuz T-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[78] "Soyuz 37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[79] "Soyuz 38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzT3-80] "Soyuz T-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[81] "Soyuz T-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[82] "Soyuz 39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[83] "STS-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[84] "STS-1 History". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[85] "Soyuz 40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS2-86] "STS-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[87] "STS-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[88] "Soyuz T-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[89] "Soyuz T-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[90] "STS-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzT7-91] "Soyuz T-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS5-92] "STS-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS6-93] "STS-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[94] "Soyuz T-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS7-95] "STS-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[96] "Soyuz T-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS8-97] "STS-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS9-98] "STS-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS41B-99] "STS-41B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzT10-101] "Soyuz T-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[102] "Soyuz T-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS41C-103] "STS-41C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[104] "Soyuz T-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS41D-105] "STS-41D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS41G-106] "STS-41G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51A-107] "STS-51A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51C-108] "STS-51C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51D-109] "STS-51D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51B-110] "STS-51B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51G-112] "STS-51G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51F-113] "STS-51F". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS51I-114] "STS-51I". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzT14-115] "Soyuz T-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS51J-116] "STS-51J". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS61A-117] "STS-61A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS61B-118] "STS-61B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS61C-119] "STS-61C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[121] "Michael J. Smith (Captain, USN)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[122] "Gregory B. Jarvis (Mr.)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[123] "S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[124] "Soyuz TM-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM3-125] "Soyuz TM-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM4-126] "Soyuz TM-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM5-127] "Soyuz TM-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM6-128] "Soyuz TM-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[129] "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS27-130] "STS-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS29-131] "STS-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[132] "STS-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS28-133] "STS-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS34-134] "STS-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS33-135] "STS-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS32-136] "STS-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[137] "Soyuz TM-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS36-138] "STS-36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[139] "Soyuz TM-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS41-140] "STS-41". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS38-141] "STS-38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS35-142] "STS-35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM11-143] "Soyuz TM-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS37-144] "STS-37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS39-145] "STS-39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM12-146] "Soyuz TM-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS40-147] "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[148] "STS-43". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[149] "STS-48". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM13-150] "Soyuz TM-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS44-151] "STS-44". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS42-152] "STS-42". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM14-153] "Soyuz TM-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS45-154] "STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS50-156] "STS-50". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM15-157] "Soyuz TM-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS46-158] "STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS47-159] "STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[160] "STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[161] "STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[162] "STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[163] "Soyuz TM-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS56-164] "STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS55-165] "STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS57-166] "STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM17-167] "Soyuz TM-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS51-168] "STS-51". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS58-169] "STS-58". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[170] "Soyuz TM-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[171] "STS-60". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[172] "STS-59". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM19-173] "Soyuz TM-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS65-174] "STS-65". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[175] "STS-64". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS68-176] "STS-68". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[177] "Soyuz TM-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS66-178] "STS-66". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[179] "STS-63". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS67-180] "STS-67". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[181] "Soyuz TM-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[182] "STS-71". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS70-183] "STS-70". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM22-184] "Soyuz TM-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[185] "STS-69". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS73-186] "STS-73". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[187] "STS-74". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS72-188] "STS-72". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[189] "Soyuz TM-23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS75-190] "STS-75". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[191] "STS-77". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS78-192] "STS-78". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM24-193] "Soyuz TM-24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM25-194] "Soyuz TM-25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS83-195] "STS-83". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS84-196] "STS-84". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[197] "Soyuz TM-26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS85-198] "STS-85". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[199] "STS-86". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS87-200] "STS-87". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS89-202] "STS-89". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[203] "Soyuz TM-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS90-204] "STS-90". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS91-205] "STS-91". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM28-206] "Soyuz TM-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[207] "STS-95". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[208] "STS-88". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[209] "Soyuz TM-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS96-210] "STS-96". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[211] "STS-93". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[212] "STS-103". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[213] "STS-99". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[214] "Soyuz TM-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[215] "STS-101". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS106-216] "STS-106". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[217] "STS-92". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[218] "STS-98". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS102-219] "STS-102". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[220] "Lonchakov, Yuri Valentinovich". Astronautix. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS100-221] "STS-100". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[222] "STS-100 Mission Status Report #02". Astronautix. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[223] "Soyuz TM-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[224] "STS-104". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS105-225] "STS-105". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[226] "Soyuz TM-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS108-227] "STS-108". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS109-228] "STS-109". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS110-229] "STS-110". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTM34-230] "Soyuz TM-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS111-231] "STS-111". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS112-232] "STS-112". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[234] "Soyuz TMA-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS113-235] "STS-113". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS107-236] "STS-113". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[237] "Shenzhou V". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA4-238] "Soyuz TMA-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[239] Pearlman, Robert Z. (14 January 2009). "Latest Mock SpaceShipOne Soars Above Sponsor's Museum". Space.com. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[240] "SpaceShipOne - Flight No. 60L / 15P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[sofl-241] "SpaceShipOne Flight Logs". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[242] "Brian Binnie". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[243] "SpaceShipOne Flight No. 66L / 17P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[244] "Soyuz TMA-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS114-245] "STS-114". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[246] "Soyuz TMA-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[Shenzhou6-247] "Shenzhou VI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[248] "Soyuz TMA-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS121-249] "STS-121". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS115-250] "STS-115". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[251] "Soyuz TMA-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS116-253] "STS-116". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA10-255] "Soyuz TMA-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS117-256] "STS-117". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS118-257] "STS-118". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[258] "Soyuz TMA-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS120-259] "STS-120". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS122-260] "STS-122". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS123-261] "STS-123". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA12-262] "Soyuz TMA-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS124-263] "STS-124". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[Shenzhou7-264] "Shenzhou VII". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[265] "Soyuz TMA-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS126-266] "STS-126". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS119-267] "STS-119". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[268] "Soyuz TMA-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS125-269] "STS-125". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[270] "Soyuz TMA-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS127-271] "STS-127". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[STS128-272] "STS-128". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA16-273] "Soyuz TMA-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS129-274] "STS-129". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[275] "Soyuz TMA-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[276] "STS-130". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA18-277] "Soyuz TMA-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[STS131-278] "STS-131". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

[279] "Soyuz TMA-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[280] "Soyuz TMA-01M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[281] "Soyuz TMA-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA21-282] "Soyuz TMA-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[283] "Soyuz TMA-02M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SouyzTMA22-284] "Soyuz TMA-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[285] "Soyuz TMA-04M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[ShenzhouIX-286] "Shenzhou IX". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SouyzTMA06M-287] "Soyuz TMA-06M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[288] "Soyuz TMA-08M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[289] "Soyuz TMA-09M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[ShenzhouX-290] "Shenzhou X". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SouyzTMA10M-291] "Soyuz TMA-10M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[292] "Soyuz TMA-12M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SouyzTMA13M-293] "Soyuz TMA-13M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[294] "Soyuz TMA-14M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[295] "Soyuz TMA-15M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA17M-296] "Soyuz TMA-17M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzTMA18M-297] "Soyuz TMA-18M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[298] "Soyuz TMA-19M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[299] Davis, Jason (15 December 2015). "New Crew Arrives at ISS following Docking Drama". Planetary Society. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[300] "Soyuz TMA-20M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzMS-301] "Soyuz MS". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[302] "Shenzhou XI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[303] "Soyuz MS-02". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[304] "Soyuz MS-03". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[305] "Soyuz MS-04". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[306] "Soyuz MS-06". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzMS07-307] "Soyuz MS-07". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[NSF-SoyuzMS07-308] Gebhardt, Chris (17 December 2017). "Soyuz MS-07 launches on final human mission of 2017". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

[SoyuzMS09-309] "Soyuz MS-09". Spacefacts. Retrieved 6 June 2018.

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[312] Burghardt, Thomas (18 October 2018). "NASA and Roscosmos trying to avoid an empty Space Station". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2018.

[SoyuzMS11-314] Gebhardt, Chris (2 December 2018). "100th orbital launch of 2018: International trio arrive at Space Station". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2018.

[SoyuzMS12-315] Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceflight.com.

[SoyuzMS13-316] "Soyuz MS-13 crew lifts off to space station on first moon landing 50th". 20 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.

[MS15-317] "First UAE astronaut lifts off with US and Russian space station crew". Collectspace. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

[SoyuzMS16-318] "Soyuz MS-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 28 April 2020.