List of Salvia species

Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, with the number of species estimated to range from 700 to nearly 1,000. Members include shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. There are three main regions of radiation of Salvia: Central and South America, with approximately 500 species; central Asia and the Mediterranean with approx. 250 species; eastern Asia with approximately 90 species.[1]

The naming of distinct Salvia species has undergone regular revision, with many species being renamed, merged, and reclassified over the years. Salvia officinalis (common sage), for example, has been cultivated for thousands of years, yet has been named and described under six different scientific names since 1940 alone. At one time there were over 2,000 named species and subspecies. The most recent revision was done in 1988 by Gabriel Alziar of the Jardin botanique de la Ville de Nice—it consolidated the number of different species to approximately 700. As new discoveries are made, the taxonomic list of Salvia species will continue to change.[2][3][4]

The first significant accounting of the genus was done by George Bentham in 1832-1836, based on a similarity in staminal morphology between Salvia members.[5] His work, Labiatarum Genera et Species (1836), is still the most comprehensive organization of Salvia. Even though there were only 291 species at that time, he still considered the possibility of forming five or six genera, due to differences between certain groups of Salvia. Bentham eventually organized the genus into four subgenera and twelve sections, based on differences in the corolla, calyx, and stamens. In the last 100 years, that system of organization is generally not endorsed by botanists.[2]

The classification of Salvia has long been based on the genus' unusual pollination and stamen structure, which was presumed to have evolved only once. More recently, a study using DNA sequencing of Salvia species has shown that different versions of this lever mechanism have evolved at least three different times within Salvia. This clearly makes the genus non-monophyletic, which means that members of the genus have evolved from different ancestors, rather than sharing one common ancestor. The DNA analysis has shown that the genus may consist of as many as three different clades, or branches.[1] The study concluded that Salvia is not a natural genus—some of its branches have a closer relationship to other genera in the tribe Mentheae than to other Salvia species.[6]

A
Salvia africana
Salvia apiana
Salvia austriaca
Salvia azurea

B
Salvia blepharophylla
Salvia brandegeei
Salvia buchananii

C
Salvia carduacea
Salvia chiapensis
Salvia clevelandii
Salvia coccinea

D
Salvia desoleana
Salvia dorisiana
Salvia dorrii

E
Salvia elegans
  • Salvia ecbatanensis Stapf
  • Salvia ecuadorensis Briq.
  • Salvia eichleriana Heldr. ex Halácsy
  • Salvia eigii Zohary
  • Salvia eizi-matudae Ramamoorthy
  • Salvia ekimiana F. Celep & Doğan
  • Salvia elegans Vahl
  • Salvia elenevskyi Pobed.
  • Salvia emaciata Epling
  • Salvia engelmannii A.Gray
  • Salvia eplingiana Alziar
  • Salvia eremophila Boiss.
  • Salvia eremostachya Jeps.
  • Salvia eriocalyx Bertero ex Roem. & Schult.
  • Salvia eriophora Boiss. & Kotschy
  • Salvia ernesti-vargasii C.Nelson
  • Salvia erythropoda Rusby
  • Salvia erythrostephana Epling
  • Salvia erythrostoma Epling
  • Salvia espirito-santensis Brade & Barb.Per.
  • Salvia euphratica Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.
  • Salvia evansiana Hand.-Mazz.
  • Salvia exilis Epling
  • Salvia expansa Epling
  • Salvia exserta Griseb.

F
Salvia farinacea
Salvia forsskaolei
Salvia fruticosa
Salvia funerea

G
Salvia gesneriiflora
Salvia glutinosa
Salvia greggii
  • Salvia garedjii Troitsky
  • Salvia gariepensis E.Mey.
  • Salvia garipensis E. Mey. ex Bentham
  • Salvia gattefossei Emb.
  • Salvia gesneriiflora Lindl. & Paxton
  • Salvia ghiesbreghtii Fernald
  • Salvia glabra M.Martens & Galeotti
  • Salvia glabrata Kunth
  • Salvia glabrescens Makino
  • Salvia glabricaulis Pobed.
  • Salvia glandulifera Cav.
  • Salvia glechomifolia Kunth
  • Salvia glumacea Kunth
  • Salvia glutinosa L.
  • Salvia goldmanii Fernald
  • Salvia golneviana Rzazade
  • Salvia gontscharowii Kudrjasch.
  • Salvia gonzalezii Fernald
  • Salvia gracilipes Epling
  • Salvia graciliramulosa Epling & Játiva
  • Salvia grandifolia W.W.Sm.
  • Salvia grandis Epling
  • Salvia granitica Hochst.
  • Salvia gravida Epling
  • Salvia greatae Brandegee
  • Salvia greggii A.Gray
  • Salvia grewiifolia S.Moore
  • Salvia grisea Epling & Mathias
  • Salvia griseifolia Epling
  • Salvia grossheimii Sosn.
  • Salvia guadalujarensis Briq.
  • Salvia guaranitica
  • Salvia guarinae Standl.

H
Salvia hierosolymitana
Salvia holwayi

I
Salvia iodantha
Salvia indica
  • Salvia incumbens Urb. & Ekman
  • Salvia incurvata Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia indica L.
  • Salvia indigocephala Ramamoorthy
  • Salvia infuscata Epling
  • Salvia innoxia Epling & Mathias
  • Salvia inornata Epling
  • Salvia insignis Kudr.
  • Salvia insularum Epling
  • Salvia integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia interrupta Schousb.
  • Salvia intonsa Epling
  • Salvia involucrata Cav.
  • Salvia iodantha Fernald
  • Salvia iodophylla Epling
  • Salvia ionocalyx Epling
  • Salvia isensis Nakai ex H.Hara
  • Salvia itaguassuensis Brade & Barb.Per.
  • Salvia itatiaiensis Dusén
  • Salvia iuliana Epling

J
Salvia judaica
  • Salvia jacobi Epling
  • Salvia jaimehintoniana Ramamoorthy ex B.L.Turner
  • Salvia jamaicensis Fawc.
  • Salvia jaminiana Noë
  • Salvia jamzadii Mozaff.
  • Salvia japonica Thunb.
  • Salvia jaramilloi Fern.Alonso
  • Salvia jorgehintoniana Ramamoorthy ex B.L.Turner
  • Salvia judaica Boiss.
  • Salvia jurisicii Kosanin

K
Salvia karwinskii

L
Salvia lanceolata
Salvia leucantha
Salvia lyrata

M
Salvia macrophylla
Salvia madrensis
Salvia mellifera
Salvia melissodora
Salvia microphylla

N
Salvia nipponica

O
Salvia officinalis
Salvia omeiana

P
Salvia patens
Salvia pratensis
  • Salvia pachyphylla Epling ex Munz
  • Salvia pachypoda Briq.
  • Salvia pachystachya Trautv.
  • Salvia palaestina Benth.
  • Salvia palealis Epling
  • Salvia palifolia Kunth
  • Salvia pallida Benth.
  • Salvia palmeri A.Gray
  • Salvia pamplonitana Fern.Alonso
  • Salvia pannosa Fernald
  • Salvia pansamalensis Donn.Sm.
  • Salvia paohsingensis C.Y.Wu
  • Salvia paposana Phil.
  • Salvia paraguariensis Briq.
  • Salvia paramicola Fern.Alonso
  • Salvia paramiltiorrhiza H.W.Li & X.L.Huang
  • Salvia parciflora Urb.
  • Salvia parryi A.Gray
  • Salvia parvifolia Baker
  • Salvia paryskii Skean & Judd
  • Salvia patens Cav.
  • Salvia pauciflora Kunth
  • Salvia pauciserrata Benth.
  • Salvia paupercula Epling
  • Salvia pavonii Benth.
  • Salvia penduliflora Epling
  • Salvia peninsularis Brandegee
  • Salvia pennellii Epling
  • Salvia pentstemonoides K.Koch & C.D.Bouché
  • Salvia peratica Paine
  • Salvia perblanda Epling
  • Salvia peregrina Epling
  • Salvia perlonga Fernald
  • Salvia perlucida Epling
  • Salvia perplicata Epling
  • Salvia perrieri Hedge
  • Salvia persepolitana Boiss.
  • Salvia persicifolia A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.
  • Salvia personata Epling
  • Salvia pexa Epling
  • Salvia peyronii Boiss.
  • Salvia phaenostemma Donn.Sm.
  • Salvia phlomoides Asso
  • Salvia piasezkii Maxim.
  • Salvia pichinchensis Benth.
  • Salvia pilifera Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.
  • Salvia pineticola Epling
  • Salvia pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standl.
  • Salvia pinnata L.
  • Salvia pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth.
  • Salvia platycheila A.Gray
  • Salvia platyphylla Briq.
  • Salvia plebeia R.Br.
  • Salvia plectranthoides Griff.
  • Salvia plumosa Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia plurispicata Epling
  • Salvia poculata Nábelek
  • Salvia podadena Briq.
  • Salvia pogonochila Diels ex Limpr.
  • Salvia polystachya Cav.
  • Salvia pomifera L.
  • Salvia porphyrocalyx Baker
  • Salvia potaninii Krylov
  • Salvia potentillifolia Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth.
  • Salvia potus Epling
  • Salvia praestans Epling
  • Salvia praeterita Epling
  • Salvia prasiifolia Benth.
  • Salvia pratensis L.
  • Salvia prattii Hemsl.
  • Salvia prilipkoana Grossh. & Sosn.
  • Salvia primuliformis Epling
  • Salvia pringlei B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
  • Salvia prionitis Hance
  • Salvia procurrens Benth.
  • Salvia propinqua Benth.
  • Salvia prostratus Hook.f.
  • Salvia protracta Benth.
  • Salvia pruinosa Fernald
  • Salvia prunelloides Kunth
  • Salvia prunifolia Fernald
  • Salvia przewalskii Maxim.
  • Salvia pseudoincisa Epling
  • Salvia pseudojaminiana A.Chev.
  • Salvia pseudomisella Moran & G.A.Levin
  • Salvia pseudopallida Epling
  • Salvia pseudoprivoides Epling
  • Salvia pseudorosmarinus Epling
  • Salvia pseudoserotina Epling
  • Salvia psilantha Epling
  • Salvia psilostachya Epling
  • Salvia pterocalyx Hedge
  • Salvia pteroura Briq.
  • Salvia puberula Fernald
  • Salvia pubescens Benth.
  • Salvia pulchella DC.
  • Salvia punctata Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia purpurea Cav.
  • Salvia purpusii Brandegee
  • Salvia pusilla Fernald
  • Salvia pygmaea Matsum.

Q

R
Salvia regla
Salvia ringens
  • Salvia radula Benth.
  • Salvia ramamoorthyana Espejo
  • Salvia ramosa Brandegee
  • Salvia ranzaniana Makino
  • Salvia raveniana Ramamoorthy
  • Salvia raymondii J.R.I.Wood
  • Salvia rechingeri Hedge
  • Salvia recognita Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Salvia recurva Benth.
  • Salvia reeseana Hedge & Hub.-Mor.
  • Salvia reflexa Hornem.
  • Salvia regla Cav.
  • Salvia regnelliana Briq.
  • Salvia reitzii Epling
  • Salvia remota Benth.
  • Salvia repens Burch. ex Benth.
  • Salvia reptans Jacq.
  • Salvia retinervia Briq.
  • Salvia reuteriana Boiss.
  • Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia rhodostephana Epling
  • Salvia rhombifolia Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia rhyacophila (Fernald) Epling
  • Salvia rhytidea Benth.
  • Salvia ringens Sm.
  • Salvia rivularis Gardner
  • Salvia roborowskii Maxim.
  • Salvia roemeriana Scheele
  • Salvia roscida Fernald
  • Salvia rosei Fernald
  • Salvia rosifolia Sm.
  • Salvia rosmarinoides A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.
  • Salvia rostellata Epling
  • Salvia rubescens Kunth
  • Salvia rubifolia Boiss.
  • Salvia rubrifaux Epling
  • Salvia rubriflora Epling
  • Salvia rubropunctata B.L.Rob. & Fernald
  • Salvia rufula Kunth
  • Salvia runcinata L.f.
  • Salvia rupicola Fernald
  • Salvia rusbyi Britton ex Rusby
  • Salvia russellii Benth.
  • Salvia rypara Briq.
  • Salvia rzedowskii Ramamoorthy

S
Salvia sagittata
Salvia sinaloensis
Salvia spathacea
Salvia splendens
  • Salvia saccardiana Pamp. Del Carr. & Garbari
  • Salvia saccifera Urb. & Ekman
  • Salvia sacculus Epling
  • Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav.
  • Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse
  • Salvia salicifolia Pohl
  • Salvia samuelssonii Rech.f.
  • Salvia sanctae-luciae Seem.
  • Salvia santolinifolia Boiss.
  • Salvia sapinea Epling
  • Salvia sarmentosa Epling
  • Salvia saxicola Wall. ex Benth.
  • Salvia scabiosifolia Lam.
  • Salvia scabra Thunb.
  • Salvia scabrata Britton & P.Wilson
  • Salvia scabrida Pohl
  • Salvia scandens Epling
  • Salvia scapiformis Hance
  • Salvia scaposa Epling
  • Salvia schimperi Benth.
  • Salvia schizocalyx E.Peter
  • Salvia schizochila E.Peter
  • Salvia schlechteri Briq.
  • Salvia schmalbausenii Regel
  • Salvia sciaphila (J.R.I.Wood & Harley) Fern.Alonso
  • Salvia sclarea L.
  • Salvia sclareoides Brot.
  • Salvia sclareopsis Bornm. ex Hedge
  • Salvia scoparia Epling
  • Salvia scutellarioides Kunth
  • Salvia scytinophylla Briq.
  • Salvia secunda Benth.
  • Salvia seemannii Fernald
  • Salvia segtinophylla Briq.
  • Salvia selguapensis Ant.Molina
  • Salvia selleana Urb.
  • Salvia sellowiana Benth.
  • Salvia semiatrata Zucc.
  • Salvia seravschanica Regel & Schmalh.
  • Salvia sericeotomentosa Rech.f.
  • Salvia serotina L.
  • Salvia serpyllifolia Fernald
  • Salvia serranoae J.R.I.Wood
  • Salvia sessei Benth.
  • Salvia sessilifolia Baker
  • Salvia setosa Fernald
  • Salvia setulosa Fernald
  • Salvia shannonii Donn.Sm.
  • Salvia sharifii Rech.f. & Esfand.
  • Salvia sharpii Epling & Mathias
  • Salvia sibthorpii Smith
  • Salvia sigchosica Fern.Alonso
  • Salvia sikkimensis E.Peter
  • Salvia silvarum Epling
  • Salvia similis Brandegee
  • Salvia sinaloensis Fernald
  • Salvia sinica Migo
  • Salvia smithii E.Peter
  • Salvia smyrnaea Boiss.
  • Salvia somalensis Vatke
  • Salvia sonchifolia C.Y.Wu
  • Salvia sonklarii Pant.
  • Salvia sonomensis Greene
  • Salvia sophrona Briq.
  • Salvia sordida Benth.
  • Salvia sparsiflora Epling
  • Salvia spathacea Greene
  • Salvia speciosa C.Presl ex Benth.
  • Salvia speirematoides C.Wright
  • Salvia sphacelifolia Epling
  • Salvia sphacelioides Benth.
  • Salvia spinosa L.
  • Salvia splendens Sellow ex Roem. & Schult.
  • Salvia sprucei Briq.
  • Salvia squalens Kunth
  • Salvia stachydifolia Benth.
  • Salvia stachyoides Kunth
  • Salvia staminea Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.
  • Salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth.
  • Salvia stibalii Alziar
  • Salvia stolonifera Benth.
  • Salvia striata Benth.
  • Salvia strobilanthoidea C.Wright ex Griseb.
  • Salvia styphelos Epling
  • Salvia subaequalis Epling
  • Salvia subglabra (Urb.) Urb.
  • Salvia subhastata Epling
  • Salvia subincisa Benth.
  • Salvia submutica Botsch. & Vved.
  • Salvia subobscura Epling
  • Salvia subpalmatinervis E.Peter
  • Salvia subpatens Epling
  • Salvia subrotunda A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.
  • Salvia subrubens Epling
  • Salvia subscandens Epling & Játiva
  • Salvia substolonifera E.Peter
  • Salvia sucrensis J.R.I.Wood
  • Salvia suffruticosa Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.
  • Salvia summa A.Nelson
  • Salvia × superba
  • Salvia synodonta Epling
  • Salvia syriaca L.

T
Salvia tiliifolia
Salvia transsylvanica
  • Salvia tafallae Benth.
  • Salvia taraxacifolia Coss. & Balansa
  • Salvia tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss.
  • Salvia tebesana Bunge
  • Salvia teddii Turrill
  • Salvia tehuacana Fernald
  • Salvia tenella Sw.
  • Salvia tenuiflora Epling
  • Salvia tepicensis Fernald
  • Salvia teresae Fernald
  • Salvia tesquicola Klok. & Pobed.
  • Salvia tetrodonta Hedge
  • Salvia texana (Scheele) Torr.
  • Salvia thermarum van Jaarsv.
  • Salvia thomasiana Urb.
  • Salvia thormannii Urb.
  • Salvia thymoides Benth.
  • Salvia thyrsiflora Benth.
  • Salvia tianschanica Machm.
  • Salvia tigrina Hedge & Hub.-Mor.
  • Salvia tiliifolia Vahl
  • Salvia tingitana Etl.
  • Salvia tobeyi Hedge
  • Salvia tolimensis Kunth
  • Salvia tomentella Pohl
  • Salvia tomentosa Mill.
  • Salvia tonalensis Brandegee
  • Salvia topiensis Gonzalez-Gallegos, 2013
  • Salvia tortuensis Urb.
  • Salvia tortuosa Kunth
  • Salvia townsendii Fernald
  • Salvia trachyphylla Epling
  • Salvia transhimalaica Yonek.
  • Salvia transsylvanica (Schur ex Griseb. & Schenk)
  • Salvia trautvetteri Regel
  • Salvia triangularis Thunb.
  • Salvia trichocalycina Benth.
  • Salvia trichoclada Benth.
  • Salvia trichopes Epling
  • Salvia trichostephana Epling
  • Salvia tricuspidata M.Martens & Galeotti
  • Salvia tricuspis Franch.
  • Salvia trifilis Epling
  • Salvia trijuga Diels
  • Salvia tubifera Cav.
  • Salvia tubiflora Sm.
  • Salvia tubulosa Epling
  • Salvia tuerckheimii Urb.
  • Salvia turcomanica Pobed.
  • Salvia turdi A.Rich.
  • Salvia turneri Ramamoorthy
  • Salvia tuxtlensis Ramamoorthy
  • Salvia tysonii Skan

U
Salvia urica

V
Salvia verbenaca
Salvia verticillata
Salvia viscosa

W

X
  • Salvia xalapensis Benth.
  • Salvia xanthocheila Boiss. ex Benth.
  • Salvia xanthophylla Epling & Játiva
  • Salvia xanthotricha Harley ex E.P.Santos
  • Salvia xeropapillosa Fern.Alonso

Y
  • Salvia yosgadensis Freyn & Bornm.
  • Salvia yukoyukparum Fern.Alonso
  • Salvia yunnanensis C.H.Wright

Z
  • Salvia zacualpanensis Briq.

Interspecific hybrids
Salvia farinacea x Salvia longispicata "Mystic Spires Blue'

* S. longispicata x S. farinacea

References
  1. Jay B. Walker; Kenneth J. Sytsma; Jens Treutlein; Michael Wink (2004). "Salvia (Lamiaceae) is not monophyletic: implications for the systematics, radiation, and ecological specializations of Salvia and tribe Mentheae". American Journal of Botany. 91 (7): 1115–1125. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1115. PMID 21653467.
  2. Sutton, John (2004). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Salvias. Workman Publishing Company. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-88192-671-2.
  3. Clebsch, Betsy; Carol D. Barner (2003). The New Book of Salvias. Timber Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-88192-560-9.
  4. Alziar, Gabriel (1988). Catalogue synonymique des Salvia du monde (Lamiaceae) (in French). Nice: Muséum d'histoire naturelle.
  5. El-Gazzar, A., L. Watson, W. T. Williams, and G. N. Lance (1968). "The taxonomy of Salvia: a test of two radically different numerical methods". Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany. 60 (383): 237–250. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00087.x.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Sytsma, Ken; Jay B. Walker. "Molecular phylogenetics, evolution, and classification of Salvia and related Mentheae". Salvia Research Network. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
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