List of Roman wars and battles

8th century BC

The city of Rome in 753 BC

7th century BC

6th century BC

508 BC Siege by Etruscans (forces in blue) of Rome (forces in red).

5th century BC

4th century BC

3rd century BC

Roman conquest of Italy through the Latin War (red), Samnite Wars (pink/orange), Pyrrhic War (beige), and Punic Wars (green).
  • Wars with Gauls and Etruscans (285-282 BC)
    • 284 BC – Battle of Arretium – A Roman army under Lucius Caecilius is destroyed by the Gauls.
    • 283 BC – Battle of Lake Vadimo – A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabella defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
    • 282 BC – Battle of Populonia – Etruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
  • First Punic War (264-241 BC)
    [1]
    • 261 BC – Battle of Agrigentum – Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, who attain control of most of Sicily.
    • 260 BC -
      • Battle of the Lipari Islands – A Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians.
      • Battle of Mylae – A Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the western Mediterranean.
    • 258 BC – Battle of Sulci – Minor Roman victory against the Carthaginian fleet near Sardinia.
    • 257 BC – Battle of Tyndaris – Naval victory of Rome over Carthage in Sicilian waters.
    • 256 BC –
      • Battle of Cape Ecnomus – A Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
      • Battle of Adys – Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa
    • 255 BC – Battle of Tunis – Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
    • 251 BC – Battle of Panormus – Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
    • 250 BC - Siege of Lilybaeum - Siege on the Carthaginian city of Lilybaeum by Roman army under Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus. Carthaginian victory.
    • 249 BC – Battle of Drepana – Carthage under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Publius Claudius Pulcher.
    • 242 BC – Battle of the Aegates Islands – Roman sea victory over the Carthaginians.
Expansion of Rome by 200 BC

2nd century BC

  • Achaean War (146 BC)
    • 146 BC – Battle of Corinth – Romans under Lucius Mummius defeat the Achaean League forces of Critolaus, who is killed. Corinth is destroyed and Greece comes under direct Roman rule.

1st century BC

Expansion of Rome from 200 BC (green) to 100 BC (orange).
Roman holdings in the East (red), clients (pink), and other nations.
    • 87 BC - 86 BC - Siege of Athens and Piraeus - Siege of Athens, which had sided with the Pontic invaders during the First Mithridatic War by Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Roman victory.
    • 86 BC – Battle of Chaeronea – Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the First Mithridatic War
    • 85 BC – Battle of Orchomenus – Sulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive battle of the First Mithridatic War.
    • 73 BC – Battle of Mount VesuviusSpartacus defeats Gaius Claudius Glaber
    • 72 BC – Battle of Picenum – Slave Revolt led by Spartacus defeat a Roman army led by Gellius Publicola and Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus
    • 72 BC – Battle of Mutina I – Slave Revolt led by Spartacus defeat another army of Romans.
    • 71 BC –
      • Battle of Campania – Slave Revolt led by Spartacus defeat a Roman army.
      • Battle of Campania II – a Roman army under Marcus Crassus defeats Spartacus's army of slaves.
      • Battle of the Siler River – Marcus Crassus defeats the army of Spartacus.
  • Pompey's Georgian campaign (65 BC)
  • Catilinarian Civil War (63-62 BC)
    • 62 BC, January – Battle of Pistoria – The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius.
The extent of the Roman Republic in 40 BC after Caesar's conquests.
    • 49 BC, June – Battle of Ilerda – Caesar's army surround Pompeian forces and cause them to surrender.
    • 49 BC, 24 August – Battle of the Bagradas River – Caesar's general Gaius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia. Curio commits suicide.
    • 48 BC, 10 July – Battle of Dyrrhachium – Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat by Pompey in Macedonia
    • 48 BC, 9 August – Battle of Pharsalus – Caesar decisively defeats Pompey, who flees to Egypt
    • 47 BC, February – Battle of the Nile – Caesar defeats the forces of the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII
    • 46 BC, 4 January – Battle of Ruspina – Caesar loses perhaps as much as a third of his army to Titus Labienus
    • 46 BC, 6 February – Battle of Thapsus – Caesar defeats the Pompeian army of Metellus Scipio in North Africa.
    • 45 BC, 17 March – Battle of Munda – In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompey the Younger in Hispania. Labienus is killed in the battle and the Younger Pompey captured and executed.
  • War with Pontus
    • 47 BC, May – Battle of Zela – Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus. This is the battle where he famously said Veni, vidi, vici. (I came, I saw, I conquered.)
    • 43 BC, 14 April – Battle of Forum Gallorum – Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Hirtius
    • 43 BC, 21 April – Battle of Mutina – Antony is again defeated in battle by Hirtius, who is killed. Although Antony fails to capture Mutina, Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly thereafter.
    • 42 BC, 3 October – First Battle of Philippi – Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius. Although Brutus defeats Octavian, Antony defeats Cassius, who commits suicide.
    • 42 BC, 23 October – Second Battle of Philippi – Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Antony and Octavian. Brutus escapes, but commits suicide soon after.
  • Final War of the Roman Republic (32-30 BC)
    • 31 BC, 2 September – Battle of ActiumOctavian decisively defeats Antony and Cleopatra in a naval battle near Greece.

1st century

The Roman Empire under Augustus: The Republic in 31 BC (yellow) and Augustus's conquests (shades of green). Client states are in pink.
    • 60 – Battle of Camulodunum – Boudica begins her uprising against the Romans by capturing and then sacking Camulodunum then moves on Londinium.
    • 61 – Battle of Watling Street – Boudica is defeated by Suetonius Paullinus

2nd century

The extent of the Roman Empire under Trajan (117) The Empire is in red and dependencies are in pink.[2]

3rd century

The Empires of Gaul (green), Rome (red), and Palmyra (yellow) in 271.

See Crisis of the Third Century

4th century

The Roman Empire under the Tetrarchy, with the territory of Constantius (yellow), Maximian (green), Galerius (pink), and Diocletian (purple)
The Roman Empire in 337, showing the Empire under Constantine (shaded purple) and other Roman dependencies (light purple).

The 4th century begins with civil war resulting in the ascendancy of Constantine I, then, after his death, wars with Persia and Germanic tribes, punctuated frequently with more civil wars.

    • 344 – Battle of Singara – Emperor Constantius II fights an indecisive battle against King Shapur II of Persia
    • 359 – Siege of AmidaSassanids capture Amida from Romans
    • 363, 29 May – Battle of Ctesiphon – Emperor Julian defeats Shapur II of Persia outside the walls of the Persian capital, but is unable to take the city, and his death leads to an ultimate disaster on the retreat back to Roman territory.

5th century

Map showing the paths of invasion by various groups into Eastern and Western Roman territory

The 5th century involves the final fall of the Western Roman Empire to Goths, Vandals, Alans, Huns, and Franks.

  • Civil War – 432 – Battle of Ravenna – Bonifacius defeats rival Roman general Flavius Aetius, but is mortally wounded in the process.
  • War with Visigoths – 436 – Battle of Narbonne – Flavius Aetius again defeats the Visigoths led by Theodoric.
  • War with the Huns (447-451)

References

  1. Jones, Jim. "ROMAN HISTORY TIMELINE". courses.wcupa.edu. West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  2. Bennett, J. Trajan: Optimus Princeps. 1997. Fig. 1

Sources

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