List of Melanoplus species

This is a list of 369 species in the genus Melanoplus.[1][2][3][4]

Melanoplus species

  • Melanoplus ablutus Scudder, 1898
  • Melanoplus acidocercus Hebard, 1919
  • Melanoplus acrophilus Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus adapi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus adelogyrus Hubbell, 1932 (St. Johns short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus adox Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus aix Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus alabamae Hebard, 1920 (alabama spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus alector Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus alexanderi Hilliard, 2001
  • Melanoplus alpinus Scudder, 1897 (Alpine grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus altitudinum (Scudder, S.H., 1878)
  • Melanoplus andreasi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus angularis Little, 1932 (angularis spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus angustipennis (Dodge, 1877) (narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus apache Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus apalachicolae Hubbell, 1932 (Apalachicola short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus arcanus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus aridus (Scudder, 1878) (arid lands spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus arizonae Scudder, 1878 (Arizona spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus arkansas Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus artemesiae Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus artemisiae Scudder, S.H., 1897 (sagebrush short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus ascensor (Scudder, 1897)
  • Melanoplus ascensus Scudder, 1898 (Shasta short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus aspasmus Hebard, 1919 (striking short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus aster Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus atangi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus attenuatus Scudder, 1897 (slender-bodied short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus bakeri Hebard, 1932
  • Melanoplus baldi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus baronei Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus beameri Hebard, 1932
  • Melanoplus benni Otte, 2002
  • Melanoplus bernardinae Hebard, 1920
  • Melanoplus betangi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus billyharrisi Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus birchimi Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus bispinosus Scudder, 1897 (two-spined spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus bivittatus (Say, 1825) (two-striped grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus bohemani (Stål, 1878)
  • Melanoplus bonita Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus borealis (Fieber, 1853) (northern spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus boulderensis Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder, 1878 (sagebrush grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus bruneri Scudder, 1897 (Bruner's spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus buxtoni Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus calidus Scudder, 1898 (sacramento short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus cameronis Roberts, 1947 (Brownsville short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus cancri Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus cantralli Dakin, 1966
  • Melanoplus carinae Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus carnegiei Morse, 1904 (Carnegie short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus caroli Gurney and Helfer, 1960
  • Melanoplus carolinensis Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus carrabellae Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus cedarense Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus celatus Morse, 1904 (Sylvan short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus chattahoochee Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus cherokee Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus chichimecus Fontana & Buzzetti, 2007
  • Melanoplus childsi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus chimariki Gurney and Buxton, 1963
  • Melanoplus chiricahuae Hebard, 1922 (chiricahua short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus chumash Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus cimatario Fontana & Buzzetti, 2007
  • Melanoplus cinereus Scudder, 1878 (grayish sagebrush grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus clypeatus (Scudder, 1877) (shield-tailed grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus cohni Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus complanatipes Scudder, 1897 (western sagebrush grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus confusus Scudder, 1897 (pasture grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus coreyi Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus culebra Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus cumbres Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus cuneatus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus daemon Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus dakini Hilliard, 2001
  • Melanoplus davisi (Hebard, 1918) (Davis' oak grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder, 1875) (Dawson's grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus dealbatus Scudder, 1898
  • Melanoplus debilis Scudder, 1898
  • Melanoplus deceptus Morse, 1904
  • Melanoplus decoratus Morse, 1904
  • Melanoplus decorus Scudder, 1897 (decorated short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus decurvus Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus delano Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus deletor (Scudder, 1875)
  • Melanoplus desultorius Rehn, 1907
  • Melanoplus devastator Scudder, 1878 (devastating grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus devius Morse, 1904 (devious short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus diablo Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas, 1865) (differential grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus digitifer Hebard, 1936
  • Melanoplus dimidipennis Bruner, 1904
  • Melanoplus diminutus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus discolor (Scudder, 1878) (contrasting spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus divergens Morse, 1904 (lobecercus short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus dodgei (Thomas, 1871)
  • Melanoplus dodgei-species-group (Dodge's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus douglasi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus eccentricus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus edeva Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus elaphrus Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus elater Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus elkhornense Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus empusa Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus eremitus Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus eumera Hebard, 1920 (canyon grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus eurycercus Hebard, 1920
  • Melanoplus fasciatus (F. Walker, 1870) (huckleberry grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus femurnigrum Scudder, 1898 (black-legged grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus femurrubrum (De Geer, 1773) (red-legged grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus flabellatus (Scudder, 1878) (Dallas short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus flavidus Scudder, 1878 (yellowish spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus flechado Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus fluviatilis Bruner, L., 1897 (sandbar grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus foedus Scudder, 1878 (striped sand grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus folkertsi Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus forcipatus Hubbell, 1932 (toothcercus shortwing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus foxi Hebard, 1923 (Fox's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus franciscanus Scudder, 1898 (San Francisco short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus francisdrakei Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus francoisensis Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus fricki Strohecker, 1960
  • Melanoplus frigidus (Boheman, 1846) (Nordic mountain grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus fultoni Hebard, 1922
  • Melanoplus furcatus Scudder, 1897 (larger fork-tail grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus gaspesiensis Vickery, 1970
  • Melanoplus gladstoni Scudder, 1897 (Gladston's spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus glaucipes (Scudder, 1875) (glaucus-legged spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus glymma Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus goedeni Gurney and Buxton, 1968
  • Melanoplus gordonae Vickery, 1969
  • Melanoplus gothicus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus gracilipes Scudder, 1897 (slender-legged grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus gracilis (Bruner, 1876) (graceful grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus gurneyi Strohecker, 1960 (Gurney's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus haigi Gurney and Buxton, 1968
  • Melanoplus harperi Gurney and Buxton, 1965
  • Melanoplus harrisi Morse, 1904
  • Melanoplus hatu Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus herbaceus Bruner, 1893 (arrowweed grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus hesperus Hebard, 1919
  • Melanoplus hilliardi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus hinei Thomas, E.S., 1930-1939
  • Melanoplus hubbelli Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus hupah Strohecker and Helfer, 1963
  • Melanoplus huporeus Hebard, 1919
  • Melanoplus huroni Blatchley, 1898 (Huron short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus idaho Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus illash Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus immunis Scudder, 1898 (immunis spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus impudicus Scudder, 1897 (immodest spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus imtenda Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus imto Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus inconspicuus Caudell, 1902 (inconspicuous spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus indicifer Hubbell, 1933 (spinecercus short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus indigens Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus infantilis Scudder, 1878 (little spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus ingrami Hill, J.G., 2010
  • Melanoplus irwinorum Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus islandicus Blatchley, 1898 (island short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus ixalus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus jakei Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus janus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus jenniferae Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus jessicae Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus jillae Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus jucundus (Scudder, 1876)
  • Melanoplus juvencus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus kasadi Gurney and Buxton, 1968
  • Melanoplus keeleri Thomas, 1874 (Keeler's spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus keiferi Gurney and Buxton, 1963
  • Melanoplus kendalli Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus kennicotti Scudder, 1878
  • Melanoplus kennicottii Scudder, S.H., 1878
  • Melanoplus kissimmee Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus knowlesi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus lakinus (Scudder, 1878) (lakin grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus lanthanus Hewitt and Skoog, 1970
  • Melanoplus lapollai Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus latah Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus latifercula Caudell, 1903
  • Melanoplus latus Morse, 1906
  • Melanoplus laurelae Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus lemhiensis Hebard, 1935 (lemhi short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus lemurus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus lepidus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus ligneolus Scudder, 1898 (wood-colored short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus lilianae Otte, 2002
  • Melanoplus lithophilus Gurney and Buxton, 1965
  • Melanoplus littoralis Roberts, 1942
  • Melanoplus lolo Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus longicornis (Saussure, 1861)
  • Melanoplus longipsolus Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus lovetti Fulton, 1930
  • Melanoplus ludivinae Fontana, Buzzetti & Mariño-Pérez, 2011
  • Melanoplus macclungi Rehn, 1946 (Kansas juniper grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus madeleineae Vickery and Kevan, 1977
  • Melanoplus magdalenae Hebard, 1935 (magdalena short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus mancus (Smith, 1868) (Smith's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus mantua Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus marginatus (Scudder, 1876) (margined spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus marshallii (Thomas, 1875)
  • Melanoplus mastigiphallus Strohecker, 1941
  • Melanoplus mcnaryi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus meridae Roberts, 1942
  • Melanoplus meridionalis Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus mexicanus (Saussure, 1861)
  • Melanoplus microtatus Hebard, 1919
  • Melanoplus middlekauffi Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus militaris Scudder, 1897 (military spur-throat gasshopper)
  • Melanoplus mirus Rehn & Hebard, 1916 (Weldon short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus mississippi Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus missoulae Hebard, 1936
  • Melanoplus mixes Fontana, Buzzetti & Mariño-Pérez, 2011
  • Melanoplus mogollona Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus molothrus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus montanus (Thomas, 1873) (Montana short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus morsei Blatchley, 1903
  • Melanoplus muricolor Strohecker, 1960
  • Melanoplus murieta Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus muscogee Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus nanciae Deyrup, 1997 (ocala clawcercus grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus nanus Scudder, 1898
  • Melanoplus napa Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus neomexicanus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus nigrescens (Scudder, 1877) (dark-sided grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus nitidus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus nossi Hill, J.G., 2014
  • Melanoplus novato Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus nubilus Rehn & Hebard, 1916 (nubile short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus nufioi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus oaxacae Fontana, Buzzetti & Mariño-Pérez, 2011
  • Melanoplus obespsolus Rentz and Weissman, 1981
  • Melanoplus obex Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus occidentalis (Thomas, 1872) (flabellate grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus ohadi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus oklahomae Hebard, 1937 (Oklahoma spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus olamentke Hebard, 1920
  • Melanoplus optimus Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus ordwayae Deyrup, 1997 (trail ridge scrub grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus oregonensis (Thomas, 1876) (oregon short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus oregonis Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus oreophilus Hebard, 1920 (Mount Hood short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus ostentus Gurney and Buxton, 1968
  • Melanoplus ottei Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus ouachita Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus ourayensis Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus ozarkensis Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus pachycercus Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus packardii Scudder, 1878 (Packard's grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus pahgre Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus papoosense Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus papyraedus Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus parvus Barrientos Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2013
  • Melanoplus payettei Hebard, 1936 (Payette's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus peatus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus pegasus Hebard, 1919
  • Melanoplus peninsularis Hubbell, 1932
  • Melanoplus perezi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus phobetico Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus picropidzae Hebard, 1937
  • Melanoplus pictus Scudder, 1897 (pictured spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus pinaleno Hebard, 1937 (pinaleno short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus pinctus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus pinicola Fulton, 1930
  • Melanoplus platycercus Hebard, 1920 (Whitney short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus plebejus (Stål, 1878) (plebeian short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus ponderosus (Scudder, 1875) (ponderous spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus prescotti Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus primaestivus Dakin, 1966
  • Melanoplus propinquus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus puer (Scudder, 1878) (least short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus punctulatus (Scudder, 1863) (pine tree spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus pygmaeus Davis, 1915 (pygmy short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus pyro Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus quercicola (Hebard, 1918) (oak-loving short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus querneus Rehn & Hebard, 1916 (oak spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus reflexus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus regalis (Dodge, 1876) (regal grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus rehni Hebard, 1920
  • Melanoplus relictus Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus rentzi Otte, 1995
  • Melanoplus repetinus Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus reyesensis Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus rileyanus Scudder, 1897 (Riley's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus rosor Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus rotundipennis (Scudder, 1877) (round-winged grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus rugglesi Gurney, 1949 (Nevada sage grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus rusticus (Stål, 1878)
  • Melanoplus salmonis Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus saltator Scudder, 1897 (Willamette short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1798) (migratory grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus savannah Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus scapularis Rehn & Hebard, 1916 (lesser fork-tail grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus scitulus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus scudderi (Uhler, 1864) (Scudder's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus sebringi Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus seltzerae Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus seminole Hubbell, 1932
  • Melanoplus serrulatus Hebard, 1937 (nantahala short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus shoshoni Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus similis Morse, 1904
  • Melanoplus siskiyou Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus snowi (Snow's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus snowii Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus sol Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus solitarius Buzzetti, Barrientos Lozano & Fontana, 2010
  • Melanoplus solitudinis Hebard, 1935
  • Melanoplus sonomaensis Caudell, 1905
  • Melanoplus spearmani Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus splendidus Hebard, 1920 (juniper grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus spretus (Walsh, 1866) (Rocky Mountain locust)
  • Melanoplus stegocercus Rehn & Hebard, 1916 (stegocercus short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus stipes Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus stonei Rehn, 1904 (Stone's grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus strumosus Morse, 1904 (swollen short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus stupefactus (Scudder, S.H., 1876)
  • Melanoplus sumichrasti (Saussure, 1861)
  • Melanoplus sutanex Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus sylvaticus McNeill, 1899
  • Melanoplus sylvestris Morse, 1904
  • Melanoplus symmetricus Morse, 1904
  • Melanoplus taurus Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus tendoyense Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus tepidus Morse, 1906
  • Melanoplus tequestae Hubbell, 1932 (tequestae scrub grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus terminalis Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus texanus (Scudder, 1878) (Texas spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus texarkana Hill, J.G., 2015
  • Melanoplus texensis Hart, C.A., 1906
  • Melanoplus thomasi Scudder, 1897 (Thomas's two-striped grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus tincupense Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus torridus Roberts, H.R., 1947
  • Melanoplus trachodes Barrientos Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2013
  • Melanoplus triangularis Hebard, 1928
  • Melanoplus tribuloides Morse, 1906
  • Melanoplus tribulus Morse, 1904 (tribulus short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus trigeminus Strohecker, 1963
  • Melanoplus trinitense Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus tristis Bruner, 1904
  • Melanoplus truncatus Scudder, 1898 (truncate-cercus short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus tuberculatus Morse, 1906 (quanah grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus tumidicercus Hubbell, 1932 (broadcercus short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus tunicae Hebard, 1920 (tunica spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus uinta Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus utahensis Scudder, S.H., 1897
  • Melanoplus validus Scudder, 1898
  • Melanoplus variegatus (Scudder, 1878)
  • Melanoplus viola Thomas, C., 1876
  • Melanoplus virgatus Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus viridipes Scudder, 1897
  • Melanoplus vulnus Eades, 1959
  • Melanoplus wai Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus walshii Scudder, 1897 (Walsh's short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus wappo Rentz, 1978
  • Melanoplus warneri Little, 1932 (Warner's spur-throat grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus washingtonius (Bruner, 1885) (Washington short-wing grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus wilsoni Gurney, 1960
  • Melanoplus wintunus Strohecker and Helfer, 1963
  • Melanoplus withingtoni Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus withlacoocheenisis (withlacoochee grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus withlacoocheensis Squitier and Deyrup, 1998
  • Melanoplus xenus Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus yarrowii (Thomas, 1875) (Yarrow's grasshopper)
  • Melanoplus zabro Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus zento Otte, D., 2012
  • Melanoplus zeus Otte, D., 2012

References

  1. "Melanoplus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  2. "Melanoplus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  3. "Melanoplus Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  4. "Browse Melanoplus". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
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