List of Australian wine grape varieties
Australia has over 160 grape varieties distributed on 146,244 hectares (ha) across all six states, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania and Queensland (see Australian wine). These activities are concentrated in the southern part of the continent and only where the terroir - that is, soil types, local climate, availability of irrigation and so on - is suited to viticulture.[1]
James Busby (1802-1871), a viticulturist who is widely recognised as the "father" of Australian winemaking. Wash drawing portrait (1903) by James Ingram McDonald (1865-1935). Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand.
Together, the three sectors of the industry, grape growing, winemaking and wine tourism, play a major role in Australia's economy. In the 2018-2019 financial year, they contributed AU$45.5 billion to the national income.[2] In addition, many other businesses benefit from the services they provide to the wine industry.[3]
Wine grape varieties overview
As of 2018,[4] the ten most widely planted varieties were:
- Syrah (Shiraz), 40,000 ha
- Cabernet Sauvignon, 25,000 ha
- Chardonnay, 21,000 ha
- Merlot, 8,000 ha
- Sauvignon Blanc, 6,000 ha
- Pinot Noir, 5,000 ha
- Sémillon, 5,000 ha
- Pinot Gris, 4,000 ha
- Riesling, 3,000 ha
- Muscat d’Alexandrie (Muscat of Alexandria), 2,000 ha
While these have continued to be the backbone of the wine industry over time, growers have discovered less well-known and hardier varieties, especially from Spain, Portugal and Italy, which suit Australia's hot, dry conditions well. Now there are almost 160 other varieties in Australia's vineyards.
Some are planted only in small quantities and are being used by winemakers for specialised products.[5] Others are experiencing an ever-increasing demand either for use in the blending process or as wines carrying their names on the labels. These include Arneis, Barbera, Durif, Fiano, Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc[6] Grüner Veltliner, Lagrein, Nebbiolo, Sangiovese, Saperavi Tannat, Tempranillo, Vermentino and so on, all of which are dealt with below.
Implications of road transport
Although there are some winemakers who use only grapes grown in their own vineyards, not all winegrowers are winemakers, and the opposite is also true. This means some winegrowers sell part or all of their output to others, and for an industry spread across all six states on a large continent, road transport plays a major role in moving stock from one place to another.
Reports on the actual volume of grapes and wine being transported each year are hard to find. In trying to calculate this by comparing the volume of grapes grown per region with the volume of where they were processed by region, Chris Quirk wrote of bulk transportation:
"This is difficult to track but it could be in the order of half a million litres a week. It is therefore difficult to accurately compare the significance of one wine region over another. Modern technology has clouded the issue."[7]
Robinson commented on this with some irony:
"The importance of trucking should not be underestimated. The typical large winery is probably based in South Australia, often in the Barossa, but will buy in grapes from as far afield as Coonawarra, the irrigated interior and possibly even the Hunter Valley in New South Wales. (Conversely, it has been a source of persistent irritation to South Australians that they have long provided so much fruit to bolster the reputations of wineries based in New South Wales.)"[8]
The problem in devising the Lists below from available sources was in determining whether wine regions showing in relation to each variety related to where it was grown or where it was used in producing an end-product. As a result, the column headed "Location - Growers and Makers" includes both.
Government rules and regulations
The wine industry operates under the Wine Australia Act 2013[9] and the Wine Australia Regulations 2018.[10] They define the relationship between the Australian Government and the industry as a whole, including the grape growers, winemakers and various representative bodies, as exercised through the relevant Minister, set out the standards by which the industry must operate and penalties that will apply if these are not met, and establish two federal governing bodies, Wine Australia (WA) and the Geographical Indications Committee (GIC).
Wine Australia
WA describes its function as supporting "a competitive wine sector by investing in research, development and extension (RD&E), growing domestic and international markets, protecting the reputation of Australian wine and administering the Export and Regional Wine Support Package.[11]
The Wine Australia Act 2013 makes WA responsible for the enforcement of the rules and regulations regarding the labelling of wine. WA described these rules and regulations as "complex";[12] unsurprising because, apart from those set out in this Act, additional labelling requirements arise from the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code under the Legislation Act 2003,[13] the National Measurement Act 1960,[14] and the Competition and Consumer Act 2010[15] Everything that appears on the label except the illustration is governed by legislation from one or more of these sources.
WA assists the industry by publishing and distributing guides that explain how the legislation should be interpreted.[16] Specific to the information provided on the tables below in the columns headed "Grape" and "Location - Growers and Makers", the regulations governing the description of the grape variety and the region in which the grapes were grown are spelt out on WA's website.[12]
Geographical Indications Committee
GIC's primary role, as WA explains, is to "consider applications for the registration and omission of new Australian and foreign GIs (ie Geographical indications) having regard to the criteria set out in the Act, and in accordance with the administrative processes prescribed under the Act and the accompanying regulations."[17]
Zones, regions and sub-regions
Australia has 27 wine zones,[18] within which there are 65 regions,[19] and some contain smaller sub-regions of which there are 14. Each zone, region and sub-region is located within a particular state, has a defined geographical boundary and has gained registration through the GIC according to the Wine Australia Act 2013.[9] The operation of the GIC, the processes and criteria by which it determines whether a zone may or may not be registered, and other matters are laid out in "Division 4 – Australian geographical indications" of this Act.
After gaining registration through GIC, a zone, region or subregion gains a GI.[20][21] This means that winemakers within the relevant zones, regions or sub-regions are allowed to label their products in specifically defined ways.[22] This system is designed to protect consumers and investors against false claims and there are defined legal penalties for those who fail to follow the directives.
Some vineyards and wineries are operating in areas not qualified to be granted GI registration because there are too few similar businesses nearby. As has already happened elsewhere, with the ongoing growth of the wine industry and the establishment of new vineyards, some areas may eventually qualify for GI status.
Lists of wine grape varieties
Red varieties
| Grape | Color | Pedigree | Location - Growers and Makers | International Synonyms | |||||
| Aglianico[23] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Canberra, Geelong, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, McLaren Vale, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Tamar Valley | 65 synonyms including Aglianica, Aglianica de Pontelatone, Aglianichella, Aglianichello, Aglianico Amaro, Aglianico Crni, Aglianico del Vulture, Aglianico di Benevente, Aglianico di Castellaneta, Aglianico di Lapio, Aglianico di Puglia, Aglianico Aglianico, Taurasi, Aglianico Aglianico, Taurasi Mascolino, Aglianico Nero, Aglianico Pannarano, Aglianico Trignarulo, Aglianico Tringarulo, Aglianico Zerpoluso, Aglianico Zerpuloso, Aglianicuccia, Agliano, Agliatica, Agliatico, Agnanico, Agnanico di Castellaneta, Casano Lavico, Casano Laviano, Cassano, Gagliano, Ghiandara, Ghianna, Ghiannara, Glianica, Gnanica, Gnanico, Granica, Hellanica, Olivella di San Cosmo, Olivella di S. Cosmo, Ruopolo, Spriema, Tringarulo, Uva Aglianica, Uva Castellaneta, Uva dei Cani, Uva di Castellaneta, Uva Nera. | |||||
| Aleatico[24] | Red | Muscat Blanc x ? | Darling Downs,[25] Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Mudgee, South Coast, Southern Highlands | Aglianico Dolce, Aglianico Nero, Aleatico Ceragino, Aleatico Comune, Aleatico de Corse, Aleatico de Florence, Aleatico dell'Elba, Aleatico de Solmonia, Aleatico di Altamura, Aleatico di Benevento, Aleatico di Firenze, Aleatico di Portoferraio, Aleatico di, Aleatico di Toscana, Aleatico Gentile, Aleatico Nera, Aleatico Nera della Toscana, Aleatico Nero, Aleatico Nero della Toscana, Aleatico Nero di Fermo, Aleatico Nero di Firenze, Aleatico Perugino, Aleaticu, Aleatiko, Aliatico, Aliaticu, Lacrima Christi, Leatico, Maleat Moscatello Nero, Moscatel Negro de Grano Mediano, Halápi, Moscato Nero, Pelaverde, Rossanella, Uva Antica Nera, Vernacchia di Pergola, Vernaccia Moscatella | |||||
| Alicante Bouschet[26] | Red | Grenache x Petit Bouschet | Adelaide Plains, Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, Glenrowan, Hunter Valley, Margaret River | Alicant de Pays, Alicante, Alicante Bouschet 2, Alicante Bouschet Crni, Alicante Enrico Boushet, Alicante Extra Fertile, Alicante Femminello, Alicante H. Bouschet, Alicante Henri Bouschet, Alicante Nero, Alicante Noir, Alicante Tinto, Alicantina, Alikant, Alikant Buse, Alikant Buse Bojadiser, Alikant Bushe, Alikant Bushe Ekstrafertil, Alikant Bushe Nr. 2, Alikant Genri Bushe, Alikant Henri Bouschet, Aragonais, Aragones, Arrenaou, Baga, Bakir Uezuemue, Barvarica, Blasco, Bojadiserka, Carignan Jaune, Colorina, Cupper Grape, Dalmatinka, Garnacha, Garnacha Tintorera, Kambusa, Lhadoner, Likant, Likavit, Moraton, Mouraton, Murviedro, Negral, Pe de Perdiz, Pe de Pombo, Petit Bouschet, Redondal, Rikant, Rivesaltes, Rivos Altos, Rousillon, Rouvaillard, Sumo Tinto, Tinta Fina, Tinto, Tinto Nero, Tinto Velasco, Tintorera, Tintorero de Liria, Tintorera de Longares, Tintoria | |||||
| Alvarelhão[27] | Red | Unknown | Yarra Valley | Albarello, Alvarelho, Allvarellao, Alvarello, Alvarello Gallego, Alvarelo, Avarilhão, Brancelhão, Brancelho, Brancellao, Brancellao Tinto, Brancello, Brencellao, BroncellaoLocaia, Pilongo, Pirruivo, Serradelo, Serradillo, Uva Gallega, Varancelha, Verancelha | |||||
| Ancellotta[28] | Red | Unknown | Bendigo | Ancellotta di Massenzatico, Ancellotti, Lancellotta, Lancelotta, Uino | |||||
| Baco Noir[29] | Red | Piquepoul du Gers (Folle Blanche) x Riparia Grand Glabre or Piquepoul du Gers (Folle Blanche) x Riparia Grand Glabre + Riparia Ordinaire[30] | Riverina, Tasmania North West | 24-23 Baco, Baco 1, Baco 1-24, Baco 24–23; Bacoi, Baco Negru, Bago, Bako Noar, Bako Noir, Bakon, Bako Sieiski, Bako Speiskii, Frybert | |||||
| Barbera[31][32] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Canberra, Central Ranges, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Geographe, Eden Valley, Geographe, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Gundagai, Heathcote, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, New England, Orange, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] South Coast, Southern Highlands, Sunbury, Swan District, Swan Valley, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | Barbera Amaro, Barbera a Peduncolo Rosso, Barbera a Peduncolo Verde, Barbera a Raspo Rosso, Barbera a Raspo Verde, Barbera Amaro, Barbera Black, Barbera Crna, Barbera d'Asti, Barbera di Piemonte, Barbera Dolce, Barbera Fina, Barbera Forte, Barbera Grossa, Barbera Mercantile, Barbera Nera, Barbera Nera a Caule Rosso, Barbera Nera a Caule Verde, Barbera Noir, Barbera Noire, Barbera Nostrana, Barbera Rotonda, Barbera Vera, Barberone, Blaue Barbera, Gaietto, Nigruia, Lombardesca, Ughetta | |||||
| Bastardo (See Trousseau Noir) | |||||||||
| Bianco d'Alessano[35] | White | Unknown | Riverland | Acchiappapalmento, Bianco di Alessano, Bianco di Lessame, Iuvarello, Verdurino, Vuiono | |||||
| Black Spanish (See Jacquez) | |||||||||
| Blaufränkish[36] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Yarra Valley | Blauer Lemberger, Blauer Limberger, Blaufranchis, Blue Franc, Blue French, Borgona, Borgonja, Burgund Mare, Burgunder, Franconia, Franconia Nera, Franconia Nero, Franconien Bleu, Franconien Noir, Franconim Noir, Frankovka, Frankovka Cerna, Frankovka Crna, Frankovka Modrá, Frankovna Crna, Frühschwarze, Frühschwarzer, Gamé, Großburgunder, Hartig 353, Kékfrankos, Lemberger, Limberger Black, Limberger Noir, Limberqer, Mährische, Mährischer, Mährische Schwarze, Mährische Schwarze Karmazin, Mährische Traube, Modra Frankinja, Nagyburgundi, Schwarze Fränkische, Schwarzfränkisch, Schwarzgrobe, Sura Lisicina, Szeleslevelü, The Wide-Leafed | |||||
| Bonvedro[37][38][39] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley | Alenquer, Alentejo, Bomvedro, Bonvedra, Bonvedro, Bastardão, Bastardo, Bonifaccencu, Bonifacienco, Bonvedro, Bomvedro, Bucelas, Carajolo Nero, Carajolo Noir, Carcaghjolu Nero, Carenisca, Caricagiola, Cua Tendra, Dão, Espagnin Noir, False Carignan, Lambrusco de Alentejo, Monvedro, Monvedro de Sines, Monvedro do Algarve, Murteira, Olho Branco, Parraleta, Parrel, Pau Ferro, Perrel, Preto Foz, Preto João Mendes, Salceño Negro, Tinta Caiada, Tinta Grossa, Tinta Lameira, Tintorro, Torres de Algarve | |||||
| Brachetto[40] | Red | Possibly Muscat Blanc x ? | Adelaide Hills, King Valley, Yarra Valley | Bracchetto, Brachetto, Brachetto d'Acqui, Brachetto del Piemonte, Brachetto di Alessandria, Brachetto du Piemont, Calitor | |||||
| Cabernet Franc[41][42] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Canberra, Central WA, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Cowra, Currency Creek, Denmark, Frankland River, Geelong, Gippsland, Nagambie Lakes, Granite Belt,[33] Grampians, Kangaroo Island, King Valley, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, McLaren Vale, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mount Benson, Mudgee, Nagambie Lakes, Orange, Padthaway, Peel, Pemberton, Porongurup, Pyrenees, Riverina, Rutherglen, Sunbury, Swan District, Yarra Valley | About 80 synonyms including Achéria, Ardounet, Arrouya, Bidure, Bordeaux, Bordo, Boubet, Bouchet Franc, Bouchet Saint-Émilion, Bouchy, Breton, Cabernet Aunis, Cabernet Bresciano, Cabernet Franc Crni, Cabernet Francese, Cabernet Franc Noir, Cabernet Frank, Cabernet Gris, Cabrunet, Capbreton Rouge, Carmenet, Couahort, Crouchen Negre, Crouchen Noir, Gros Bouchet, Gros Cabernet, Grosse Vidure, Messanges Rouge, Morenoa Veron Bouchy, Noir Dur, Plant Breton, Plant de l'Abbé Breton, Sable Rouge, Trouchet, Trouchet Noir, Tsapournako, Verdejilla Tinto, Véron, Vidure, Vuidure | |||||
| Cabernet Sanzey (sic.)[43] | |||||||||
| Cabernet Sauvignon[44][45] | Red | Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc | Albany, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Blackwood Valley, Central WA, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Cowra, Darling Downs,[25] Denmark, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Goulburn Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, Hilltops, Great Lakes, Heathcote, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, Mclaren Vale, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mount Benson, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Padthaway, Peel, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] Southern Fleurieu, Southern Highlands, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Yarra Valley, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | About 60 synonyms including Bidure, Bordo, Bordeaux, Bouchet, Bouchet Sauvignon, Breton, Burdeos Tinto, Cab, Cabernet Petit, Carbonet, Carbouet, Carmenet, Epicier Noir, Kaberne Sovinjon, Kaberne Sovinyon, Lafit, Lafite, Marchoupet, Navarre, Petit Bouchet, Petit Bouschet, Petit Cabernet, Petit Cavernet Sauvignon, Petite Vidure, Sauvignon, Sauvignonne, Vidignonne, Vidure | |||||
| Canaiolo Nero[47] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Canberra, King Valley | Caccione Nero, Canaiolo, Canaiolo Toscano, Canajolo Nero, Canajuola, Cannaiola di Marta, Cannaiola Macchie di Marta, Uva dei Cani | |||||
| Caracosa[48] | Red | A clone of Shiraz[49] | Rutherglen | ||||||
| Carignan (See Mazuelo) | |||||||||
| Carménère[50] | Red | Mourál[51] x Cabernet Franc | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Great Southern, Heathcote, Murray Darling, Pyrenees, Riverland, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | Bordo, Bouton Blanc, Cabernella, Cabernelle, Cabernet Carmenère, Cabernet Gernicht, Cabernet Gernischet, Cabernet Gernischt, Cabernet Grosso, Cabernet Mix, Cabernet Shelongzhu, Carbonet, Carbouet, Carménègre, Caremenelle, Carmenère, Carmeneyre, Grande Vidure, Grosse Vidure, Uva Francesca | |||||
| Carnelian[52][53][54] | Red | (Mazuelo x Cabernet Sauvignon) = Olmo F2-7[55] x Garnacha Tinta | Pemberton | ||||||
| Chambourcin[56] | Red | Seibel[57] 6468 x Subereux[58]) = Seyve Villard[59] | Coal River Valley, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Queensland Zone,[60] Hastings River, Hunter Valley, Huon/Channel, Langhorne Creek, Lower Region, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Manjimup, Mudgee, Northen Slopes, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] South Coast, Southern Highlands | 26-205 Joannes Seyve, Chambourcine, Chamboursin, John Saym, Joannes Seyve 26-205, JS 26-205, Shambursen, Zhoan Seiv 26-205 | |||||
| Cienna[61] | Red | Sumoll x Cabernet Sauvignon | Heathcote, King Valley, Swan Hill | ||||||
| Cinsaut[62] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Canberra, McLaren Vale, Geelong, Margaret River, Rutherglen, | Over 100 synonyms including Black Malvoisie, Black Prince, Blue Imperial, Boudalès, Bourdalès, Bourdales Kék, Bourdelas, Cinqsaut, Cinq-saou, Cinsault, Cinsaut Couche, Grappu de la Dordogne, Grecaù, Grecu Masculinu, Hermitage, Marroquin, Madiran, Madiran du Portugal, Malaga, Malaga Kék, Marrouquin, Milhau, Milhaud du Pradel, Moustardier Noir, Oeillade Noire, Ottavianello, Ottaviano, Ottavianuccia, Ottavinello, Picardan noir, Piquepoul d'Uzès, Plant d'Arles, Plant de Broqui, Pousse de Chèvre, Prunelat, Prunellas, Salerne, Samsó, Senso, Sinsó, Sinson, Sinsâou, Sinseur, Tsintsào, Uva Spina | |||||
| Colorino[63] | Red | Unknown | Canberra, McLaren Vale | Colore, Colorino del Valdarno, Colorino di Valdarno, Raverusto, Tintiglia | |||||
| Cornifesto[64] | Red | Cayetana Blanca x Alfrocheiro | Rutherglen | Cornifeito, Cornifesta, Cornifesto no Dão, Cornifesto Tinto, Cornifresco, Gajo Arroba, Tinta Bastardeira | |||||
| Corvina Veronese[65][66] | Red | Unknown | Hilltops | Corba, Corbina, Corgnola, Corniola, Corvina, Corvina Comune, Corvina Gentile, Corvina Nostrana, Corvina Reale, Cruina, Cruina Zervei de Gatto | |||||
| Counoise[67] | Red | Unknown | Canberra, Frankland River | Aubon, Caula, Conese, Coneze, Connoges, Connoise, Counèse, Counoïse, Counoïso, Counoueiso, Grosse Rogettaz, Guénoise, Quenoise, Rivier | |||||
| Dolcetto[68] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Central Ranges, Clare Valley, Geographe, Grampians, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Benson, Pyrenees, Riverina, Tamar Valley, Yarra Valley | Acqui, Bathiolin, Crete de Coq, Dolcetta Nera, Dolcetto a Raspo Rosso, Dolcetto a Raspe Verde, Dolcetto Crni, Dolcetto Nero, Dolcetto Piemontese, Dolchetto, Dolcino Nero, Gros Plant, Nibièu, Nibiò, Ocanette, Ormeasco, Picot Rou, Plant de Montmélian, Ravanellino, Red-handled Dolcedo, Uva d'Acqui, Uva del Monferrato, Uva di Ovada, Uva di Roccagrimalda | |||||
| Dornfelder[69] | Red | Helfensteiner x Heroldrebe | Alpine Valleys, Huon/Channel, Tamar Valley, Tasmania Southern, Tasmania North West | ||||||
| Durif[70][71] | Red | Peloursin x Syrah | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Big Rivers, Canberra, Clare Valley, Geographe, Glenrowan, Goulburn Valley, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Gundagai, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, New England, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Yarra Valley | Dure, Duret, Petite Sirah, Petite Syrah, Pinot de l'Hermitage, Pinot de Romans, Plant Durif, Serine des Mauves, Sirane Fourchue | |||||
| Fer[72] | Red | Unknown | Margaret River | About 60 synonyms including Arech, Arrouya, Bequignaou, Béquignol, Bois Droit, Braucol, Brocol, Caillaba, Camaralet Noir, Camerouge, Camirouch, Chalamoncet, Chalosse Noire, Cruchinet, Ere, Estronc, Fer Bequignaou, Fer Noir, Ferre, Fer Servadou, Folle Rouge, Gragnelut, Hèr, Hère, Herrant, Herre, Mansin, Mansois, Mauron, Mourac, Mourach, Noir Brun, Petit Bordelais, Petit Fer, Petit Mourastel, Piec, Piek, Pinenc, Plant de Fer, Queufort, Samençois, Saumances, Saumansois, Saumences, Servadou, Veron, Verron | |||||
| Freisa[73] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley | Freisa del Piemonte, Freisa di Chieri, Freisa Grossa, Freisa Piccola, Freisetta, Fresia, Marchesana, Monferrina, Mounfrina, Spannina | |||||
| Gamay Noir[74] | Red | Pinot x Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) | Adelaide Hills, Beechworth, Canberra, Denmark, Geelong, Gippsland, Goulburn Valley, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, Riverina, Rutherglen, Southern Tasmania, Tamar Valley, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | About 150 synonyms including Beaujolais, Black melon grape, Bourguignon Noir, Caracairone, Gamai, Gamai Chatillon, Gamay, Gamay Beaujolais, Gamay Charmont, Gamay d'Arcenant, Gamay d'Auvergne, Gamay de la Dôle, Gamay de Liverdun, Gamay de Saint-Romain, Gamay de Sainte-Foix, Gamay de Toul, Gamay de Vaux, Gamay d'Orléans, Gamay du Gâtinais, Gamay Labronde, Gamay Noir, Gamay Ovoïde, Gamay Précoce, Gamé, Gammé, Grosse Dôle, Liverdun Grand, Lyonnais, Melon Noir, Petit Bourguignon, Petit Gamay, Plans Robert, Valais, Vaud | |||||
| Garnacha Tinta (See Grenache) | |||||||||
| Graciano | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Canberra, McLaren Vale, Geographe, Granite Belt,[33] Margaret River, Pemberton, Swan Valley[ | About 80 synonyms including Alicante, Bastardo Nero, Bovale, Bovaledda, Bovaleddo, Bovaleddu, Bovale Sardo, Bovale Piccolo, Bovale Piticco, Cagliunari, Caglunari, Caglunari Bastardo, Cagniulari, Cagnovali, Cagnovali Nero, Cagnulari Sardo, Cagnelataat, Caldelata, Courouillade, Couthurier, Graciana, Graciano 15–5, Graciano de Haro, Graciano Tinto, Morastell, Minostello, Minustello, Minustellu, Minustillu, Monastrell Menudo, Monastrell Verdadero, Moristell, Morrastell, Muristellu, Negrette de Pays, Tannat Bordelais, Tannat Gris, Tinta de Fontes, Tinta do Padre Antonio, Tinta Fontes, Tinta Menuda, Tinta Miúda, Tintilla de Rota, Tintillo, Ualda, Xeres, Zinzillosa | |||||
| Grenache[75][76] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Central WA, Clare Valley, Cowra, Frankland River, Geographe, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Murray Darling, Peel, Perricoota, Riverland, South Burnett,[34] Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Western Plains | Numerous synonyms including Cannonau, Garnacha, Garnatxa, Granaxia, Grenache, Tai Rosso, Tocai Rosso | |||||
| Gros Cabernet (See Trousseau Noir) | |||||||||
| Hermitage (See Marsanne) | |||||||||
| Jacquez[77] | Red | (Vitis aestivalis x Vitis cinerea) x unknown Vitis vinifera | Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, St George, South West Queensland | Alabama, Black El Paso, Black July, Black Spanish, Blue French, Blue French Grape, Burgundy, Cigar Box, Clarence, Deveraux, El Paso, French Grape, Jack, Jacques, Jacquet, Jaquez, July Cherry, Lenoir, Long Laliman, Lenoir, Longworth's Ohio, Mac Candless, Madeira, Segar Box, Sherry of the South, Springstein, Sumpter, Thurmond, Tintiglia, Troya, Zakez, Zsake | |||||
| Lagrein[78] | Red | Possibly Teroldego x ? or Schiava Gentile[79] x Teroldego | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, Geelong, Heathcote, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, Orange, Pyrenees, Riverland, Strathbogie Ranges, Swan Hill, Tamar Valley | Blauer Lagrein, Burgundi Lagrein, Kleinvernatsch, Lagrain, Lagrino, Lagroin, Landschwarze | |||||
| Lambrusco Maestri[80][81] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Heathcote, Murray Darling | Grappello Maestri, Lambrusco di Spagna | |||||
| Lambrusco Salamino[82] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills | Lambrusco Galassi, Lambrusco di Santa Croce | |||||
| Malbec[83][84] | Red | Magdeleine noire des Charentes x Prunelard | Albany, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Blackwood Valley, Canberra, Clare Valley, Denmark, Frankland River, Geelong, Geographe, Gippsland, Goulburn Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Great Southern, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Margaret River, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Padthaway, Peel, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Queensland Zone,[60] Southern Highlands, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley, Yarra Valley | About 130 synonyms including Agreste, Auxerrois, Auxerrois des Moines de Picpus, Beraou, Blanc de Kienzheim, Bouchalès, Bouyssales, Cagors, Cahors, Cau, Cauly, Coly, Coq Rouge, Cor, Cors, Cos, Côt, Cot a Queue Verte, Cot de Bordeaux, Cot de Pays, Cot de Touraine, Cot Malbec, Cots, Cruchinet, Doux Noir, Estrangey, Étranger, Grifforin, Gros Noir, Grosse Mérille, Hourcat, Jacobain, Jacobin, Jacohin, Lutkens, Malbec à Queue Rouge, Malbech, Malbeck, Mancin, Médoc Noir, Monrame, Pied de Perdrix, Pressac, Noir de Chartres, Noir de Pressac, Nuar de Presac, Prunelat, Prunieral, Quercy, Quille de Coqu, Vesparo | |||||
| Malian[85] | Red | Mutation of Cabernet Sauvignon | Langhorne Creek | ||||||
| Mammolo[86] | Red | Boggione Rosso[87] x Uva delle Vecchie[88] | Barossa Valley, Canberra, Clare Valley, Gippsland, Heathcote | Broumes, Broumest, Duraguzza, Malvasia Montanaccio, Mammola, Mammoli, Mammolo Asciutta, Mammolo Fiorentino, Mammolo di Montepulciano, Mammolone di Lucca, Mammolo Grosso, Mammolo Minuto, Mammolo Nero, Mammolo Normale, Mammolo Piccola Rosso Nero, Mammolo Piccolo, Mammolo Pratese, Mammolo Pratese, Mammolo Tates Mammolo Serrato, Mammolo Sgrigliolante, Mammolo Tondo, Mammolo Toscano, Muntanaccia, Muntanaccio, Muntanacciu, Schiorello, Schiuchitajolo, Sciaccarello, Sciaccarello Nero, Sciaccarellu | |||||
| Marzemino[89] | Red | Teroldego x ? | Alpine Valleys, King Valley, Murray Darling | Balsamina, Barzemin, Berzamino, Marzemina Cenerenta, Marzemina di Napoli, Marzemina Nera, Marzemina Veronese, Marzemino d'Isera, Marzemino d'Istria, Marzemino del Tirolo, Marzemino della Terra Ferma Veneta, Marzemino Nero, Marzemino Nero | |||||
| Mataró (See Mourvèdre) | |||||||||
| Mazuelo[90][91] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Riverland | Over 100 synonyms including Bovale di Spagna, Bovale Grande, Bovale Mannu, Carignan, Carignane, Carignan Noir, Carignano, Carinhana, Cariñano, Cariñena, Catalan, Crujillón, Kerrigan, Mazuela, Mollard, Pinot d'Evora, Samsó, Samsó Crusillo, Tinta Mazuela, Tintiglia, Tintilia, Tintillosa, Zinzillosa | |||||
| Mencía[92] | Red | Alfrocheiro Preto x Patorra[93] | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Pyrenees, Riverland | Fernão Pires, Tinta, Jaen, Jaen du Dão, Jaen Galego, Jaen Galeno, Jaén Tinto, Loureiro Tinto, Mencía Pajaral, Mencía Pequeño | |||||
| Merlot[94][95] | Red | Cabernet Franc x Magdeleine noire des Charentes | Adelaide Hills, Albany, Barossa Valley, Blackwood Valley, Coonawarra, Cowra, Denmark, Derwent Valley, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Geographe, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Goulburn Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Island, McLaren Vale, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mount Barker, Mount Benson, Murray Darling, Orange, Peel, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, South Burnett,[34] Swan District, Swan Hill, Upper Goulburn, Wrattonbully, Yarra Valley | Over 60 synonyms including Alicante Noir, Bigney, Black Alicante, Blauer Merlot, Bordò, Crabutet, Crabutet Noir, Hebigney, Médoc Noir, Merlau, Merlot Black, Merlot Blau, Merlot Crni, Merlot Nero, Merlot Noir, Merlott, Merlou, Picard, Pikard, Plant Médoc, Sémillon Rouge, Vidal, Vitrailleout | |||||
| Monastrell (See Mourvèdre) | Mondeuse Noire[96] | Red | Mondeuse Blanche x Tressot Noir | Canberra, Currency Creek, Geelong, Geographe, Granite Belt,[33] King Valley, McLaren Vale, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Rutherglen, Swan Hill | About 80 synonyms including Angelique, Argillet, Argilliere, Begeain, Begean, Bon Savoyan, Chétouan, Chétuan, Chintuan, Cintuan, Grand Chétuan, Grosse Syrah, Gros Plant, Gros Rouge, Maldoux, Mandoux, Persagne, Petite Persaigne, Plant Maldoux, Refosco, Savoyan, Syrah Grosse Gros Rouge | ||||
| Montepulciano[97][98] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, Eden Valley, Heathcote, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Mount Benson, Murray Darling, Riverina, Riverland | Africano, Angolano, Cordisco, Cordisio, Montepulciano Crni, Montepulciano Cordisco, Monte Pulciano, Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, Montepulciano Primatico, Montepulciano Spargolo, Morellone, Sangiovese Cordisco, Uva Abruzzese, Uva Abruzzi, Violone | |||||
| Mourvèdre[99][100] | Red | Unknown | Albany, Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, Cowra, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Nagambie Lakes, Pemberton, Perricoota, Riverina, Riverland, South Burnett[34] | Morvede, Mourvede, Mourvèdre Gris, Mourvedre Mataro, Monastrell (this varieties other common name), Mourvegue, Mourvièdre, Murviedro | |||||
| Muscardine or Muscardin (Vitis rotundifolia)[101] | Red | Unknown | McLaren Vale | Bests T, Muscardin Noir | |||||
| Muscat of Alexandria (See Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains) | |||||||||
| Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains[102][103] | Red | A mutation of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains | Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, Geographe,[104] Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, Orange, Riverina, Riverland, Southern Highlands, Swan Valley | Muscat d'Alexandrie, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Rouge, Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains, Muscat Gris | |||||
| Nebbiolo[105] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Beechworth, Bendigo, Gippsland, Grantite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Hilltops, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Murray Darling, Orange, Porongurup, Pyrenees, South Burnett,[34] Yarra Valley | About 100 synonyms including Nebbiolo del Piemonte, Chiavennasca, Lampia, Marchesano, Michet, Picotender, Picotendre, Picotendro, Picotèner, Picotenero, Picoutendro, Picoutendro Maschio, Picoutener, Picutener, Poctenerent, Pugnet, Spana, Spana Commune, Spanna, Spanna Grossa, Vercelli | |||||
| Negramoll (See Tinta Negra Mole) | |||||||||
| Negroamaro[106] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, Geelong, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Mudgee, Riverland | Abbruzzese, Albese, Jonico, Lacrima, Negro Amaro, Nigroamaro, Purcinara, Uva Olivella | |||||
| Nero d'Avola[107][108] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Geographe, Glenrowan, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Murray Darling, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, Swan Hill, Yarra Valley | Calabrese (the second main name), Calabrese d'Avola, Calabrese de Calabria, Calabrese di Vittoria, Calabrese Dolce, Niureddu Calavrisi, Strugeri de Calabria, Uva de Calabria | |||||
| Norton[109][110] | Red | Vitis aestivalis x Vitis vinifera, possibly a seedling of Enfariné Noir[111] | Hastings River | Arkansas, Cynthiana, Norton's Seedling, Norton's Virginia Seedling, Norton Virginia, Red River, Virginia, Virginia Seddling, Vitis Nortoni | |||||
| Nero di Troia[112] | Red | Bombino Bianco x Quagliano | Rutherglen | Cassano, Somarello, Sommarrello, Sumarello, Summariello, Tranese, Troiano, Troja, Trojana, Uva Antica Nara, Uva della Marina, Uva di Barletta, Uva di Canosa, Uva di Troia (second main name), Uva di Troya | |||||
| Parraleta (See Bonvedro) | |||||||||
| Pavana[113][114] | Red | Unknown | Heathcote | Nera Gentile di Fonzano, Nostrana Nera, Pavana Nera, Pelosetta, Ussulara, Visentina | |||||
| Petit Verdot[115][116] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Canberra, Coonawarra, Cowra, Currency Creek, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Geographe, Gippsland, Glenrowan, Goulburn Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Hilltops, Kangaroo Island, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Northern Slopes, Peel, Pemberton, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Porongurup, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, South Burnett,[34] South Coast, Southern Flinders Ranges, Southern Highlands, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | Bouton, Carmelin, Herrant, Lambrusquet, Lambrusquet Noir, Verdau, Verdot, Verdot Petit | |||||
| Pinot Meunier[117] | Red | A mutation of Pinot Noir | Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Grampians, Henty, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Huon/Channel, Macedon Ranges, Mornington Peninsula, King Valley, Southern Highlands, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley, Tasmania East Coast, Tasmania North East Yarra Valley | Auvernat Gris, Auvernat Meunier, Black Riesling, Blanche Feuille, Blue Müllertraube, Carpinet, Dusty Miller, Farineux Noir, Fresillon, Fromenté, Gris Meunier, Meunier, Meunier Gris, Miller's Burgundy, Miller's Grape, Molnar Szölö, Molnar Toke, Molnar Toke Kék, Morillon Taconné, Morone Farinaccio, Müllerrebe, Müllertraube, Müllerweib, Noirien de Vuillapans, Noirin Enfarine, Pinot Negro, Pinot Nero, Plant de Brie, Postitschtraube, Rana Modra Mlinaria, Rana Modra Mlinarica, Rana Modra Molinaria, Schwarzblaue Müllerrebe, Schwarzriesling, Trézillon, Wrotham Pinot | |||||
| Pinot Noir[118][119] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Albany, Ballarat, Central WA, Coal River Valley, Denmark, Derwent Valley, Frankland River, Geelong, Gippsland, Henty, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Manjimup, Mount Benson, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Barker, Murray Darling, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Porongurup, Riverina, Riverland, Swan Hill, Swan District, Tamar Valley, Tasmania East Coast, Tasmania North East, Yarra Valley | About 300 synonyms including Augustiner, Auvergnat, Auvernas, Auvernat, Berligout, Black Burgundy, Blauburgunder, Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Klevner, Blauer Spätburgunder, Bourguignon, Burgundské Modré, Cerna, Clevner, Cortaillod, Dole, Formentin Noir, Franc Pineau, Frühschwarzer, Gamay Beaujolais, Kékburgundi, Kisburgundi, Klävner, Klebroth, Klevner, Möhrchen, Moréote, Morillon Noir, Mourillon, Noble Joué, Noirien Franc, Noirien Noir, Orléanais, Pignola, Pignolet, Pineau de Bourgogne, Pineau de Bourgoyne, Pineau de Chambertin Pineau Noir de Gevrey, Pino Ceren, Pino Fran, Pino Negru, Pinot Cernii, Pinot Cherny, Pinot Nero, Oinot Noir, Plant Doré, Rulandské Modré Salvagnin Noir, Savagbin Noir, Schwarzburgunder, Schwarzer, Schwarzer Burgunder, Schwarzer Traminer, Spätburgunder, Süßrot, Thalroter, Vert Doré | |||||
| Pinotage[120] | Red | Cinsault x Pinot Noir | Alpine Valleys, Geographe, Granite Belt,[33] New England, Riverland, Yarra Valley | ||||||
| Primitivo (See Tribidrag) | |||||||||
| Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso[121] | Red | Marzemino x ? | Bendigo, Heathcote | Peteljcice, Refosco, Refosco dal Pecòl Rosso, Refosco Nostrano, Refosco Peduncolo Rosso, Refosk, Rifòsc, Rifòsc dal Pecòl Ròss, Rifosco and Teran Crvene, Teran Crvene Peteljcice | |||||
| Rondinella[122] | Red | Corvina Veronese x ? | Hilltops | Corvina, Nessuno Conosciuto | |||||
| Rubienne[123] | Red | Sumoll x Cabernet Sauvignon | Coonawarra, Murray Darling, Pyrenees | ||||||
| Ruby Cabernet[124][125] | Red | Carignan Noir (Mazuelo) x Cabernet Sauvignon | Barossa Valley, Blackwood Valley, Gippsland, Goulburn Valley, Hunter Valley, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Margaret River, Murray Darling, Queensland Zone,[60] Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Shoalhaven Coast, Swan Hill | Cabernet Ruby, California 234 F2, Roubi Cabernet, Rubi Kaberne | |||||
| Sagrantino[126] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Canberra, Eden Valley, Geelong, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Orange, Swan Hill, Upper Goulburn | Sagrantino Rosso, Sagrantino di Montefalco | |||||
| Saint Laurent[127] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Riverina | About 40 synonyms including Blue St Laurent, Laurenzitraube, Lovricanka, Lovrijenac, Saint Laurent, Saint-Lorentz, Sankt Laurent, Schwarze Lorenztraube, Schwarzer, Sentlovrenka, Svatovavřinecké, Svätovavrinecké, Vavrinak, Vavřinecké | |||||
| Saint-Macaire[128][129] | Red | Unknown | Riverina | Bouton Blanc, Moustère, Moustouzère | |||||
| Sangiovese[130][131] | Red | Possibly either Frappato di Vittoria x Foglia Tonda[132][133] or Gaglioppo x Foglia Tonda. Both are doubtful.[134] | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Canberra, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Cowra, Geelong, Geographe, Gippsland, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Island, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Mornington Peninsula, Murray Darling, Nagambie Lakes, Orange, Peel, Perricoota, Porongurup, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] Southern Highlands, Sunbury, Swan Valley, Upper Goulburn, Yarra Valley | Over 80 synonyms including Brunelletto, Brunello, Cacchiano, Calabrese, Cardisco, Cassano, Cordisio, Chiantino, Corinto Negro, Guarnacciola, Ingannacane, Lambrusco Mendoza, Liliano, Montepulciano Primaticcio, Morellino, Morellino di Scansano, Negrello, Nerello, Nerello Nellielluccio, Niella Primaticcio, Prugnolo Dolce, Prugnolo Gentile, Puttanella, Sangiogheto, Sangiovese dal Cannello Lungo, Sangiovese dal Cannello Lungo di Predappio, Sangiovese di Lamole, Sangiovese di Romagna, Sangiovese Dolce, Sangiovese Elba, Sangiovese Sangiovese Sangiovese Sino San Gioveto, Sangioveto, San Zoveto, Tabernello, Tignolo, Tignolo Sointovese, Toustain, Tuccanese, Uva Canina, Vigna del Conte, Vigna Maggio | |||||
| Saperavi[135] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Kangaroo Island, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Murray Darling, Riverland, Rutherglen, South Burnett[34] | Atenuri Saperavi, Didi Saperavi, Meshketi, Meskuri Saperavi, Obchuri Saperavi, საფერავი, Saperaibi, Saperavi Crni, Saperavi de Kachet, Saperavi de Kakhetie, Saperavi Patara, Saperawi, Sapeur, Szaperavi | |||||
| Schiava Grossa (See Trollinger) | |||||||||
| Schioppettino[136] | Red | Unknown | Alpine Valleys, Heathcote | Pocalza, Poçalza, Pokalca, Pokalza, Ribolla Nera, Scoppiettino | |||||
| Shavkapito[137] | Red | Unknown | Mount Benson | Chavkapito, Чавкапіто, Шавкапіто | |||||
| Shiraz[138][139][140] | Red | Probably a natural cross between Mondeuse Blanche x Dureza | Albany, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Blackwood Valley, Canberra, Central WA, Clare Valley, Cowra, Coonawarra, Darling Downs,[25] Denmark, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Geelong, Geographe, Glenrowan, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Goulburn Valley, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Great Lakes, Heathcote, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Benson, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Padthaway, Peel, Pemberton, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] Southern Fleurieu, Sunbury, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Western Plains, Wrattonbully, Yarra Valley | Over 80 Synonyms including Balsamina, Candive, Hermitage, Marsanne Noir, Neiretta Cunese, Neiretta del Monregalese, Neiretta del Rosso, Neiretta di Pinerolo, Neiretta di Saluzzo, Petite Syrah, Scyras, Sérène, Shiraz Sira, Sirac, Sirah, Syra, Syrac, Syrah, Zizak | |||||
| Souzao[141] | Red | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Geographe, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Peel, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan Valley, Yarra Valley | Espadeiro Basto, Espadeiro da Tinta, Espadeiro Preto, Loureira Tinta, Negrão, Pinhão, Sousao, Sousão, Sousão de Comer, Sousão de Correr, Sousão Vermelho, Sousão Forte, Sousón, Souzão, Tinta Nacional, Tinta País, Tintilla, Tinto Antigo, Tinto de Parada, Tinto Nacional, Vinhão (this variety's other main name) | |||||
| Syrah (See Shiraz) | |||||||||
| Tannat[142] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Eden Valley, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Murray Darling, New England, Orange, Shoalhaven Coast, Riverland | Bordelais Noir, Bordelez Beltza, Harriague, Madiran, Madiron, Mouston, Moustron, Moustrou, Moustroun, Tanat, Tannat Gris, Tannat Noir, Tannat Noir Male | |||||
| Tarrango[143] | Red | Touriga Nacional x Sultana | Alpine Valleys, Big Rivers, Goulburn Valley, King Valley, Murray Darling, Peel | ||||||
| Tempranillo[144][145] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Blackwood Valley, Canberra, Central WA, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Cowra, Denmark, Frankland River, Geelong, Geographe, Gippsland, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Greater Perth, Gundagai, Heathcote, Henty, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Island, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Barker, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Nagambie Lakes, New England, Orange, Padthaway, Peel, Perth Hills, Porongurup, Pyrenees, Queensland Zone,[60] Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] South Coast Zone, Southern Fleurieu, Southern Flinders Ranges, Southern Highlands, Strathbogie Ranges, Sunbury, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley, Tasmania Southern, Upper Goulburn, Western Plains, Wrattonbully, Yarra Valley | Over 80 synonyms including Albillo Negro, Aldepenas, Aragón, Aragones, Aragonez, Aragonez da Ferra, Aragonez de Elvas, Arauxa, Arganda, Arinto Tinto, Botón de Gallo, Castellana, Cencibel, Chinchillana, Chinchilyano, Escobera, Garnacho Foño, Grenache de Logrono, Jacibiera, Jacivera, Negra de Mesa, Negretto, Piñuela, Roriz, Santo Stefano, Sensibal, Tempranilla, Tempranillo de la Rioja, Tempranillo de Perralillo Tempranillo de Rioja, Tempranillo de Rioza, Tempranillo Rioja, Tempranillo Tinta, Tempranillo Tinto, Tinta Aragonez, Tinta de Nava, Tinta de País, Tinta del Toro, Tinta do Inacio, Tinta do País, Tinta Fina, Tinta Madrid, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Santiago, Tinto Aragónez, Tinto de Madrid, Tinto del País, Tinto Fino, Tinto Madrid, Tinto País, Tinto Ribiera, Ull de Llebre, Valdepeñas, Verdiell, Vid de Aranda | |||||
| Teroldego[146] | Red | Unknown | Alpine Valleys, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River | Merlina, Terodola, Teroldega, Teroldeghe, Teroldego Rotaliano, Teroldela, Teroldico, Teroldigo, Teroldigo Crni, Teroldila, Teroldola, Tiraldega, Tiraldola, Tirodola, Tiroldegho, Tiroldico, Tiroldigo | |||||
| Tinta Amarela (See Trincadeira Preta) | |||||||||
| Tinta Negra Mole | Red | Unknown | McLaren Vale, Swan Valley | Molar, Mollar, Mollar Cano, Mollar de América, Mollar de Cádiz, Mollar de Granada, Mollar de Huelva, Mollar ICA, Mulata, Negra Criolla, Negra Mole, Negramoll, Negramolle, Rabo de Ovelha Tinto, Saborinho, Tinta de Madeira, Tinta Madeira, Tinta Negra, Tinta Negra Mole | |||||
| Tinto Cão[147] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Plains, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Geographe, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Mudgee, Peel, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan Valley, Yarra Valley | Castellana Negra, Farmento, Farnento, Teinta Cam, Tinta Cam, Tinta Cão, Tintilla Castellana, Tinto Cam | |||||
| Touriga Nacional[148] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Canberra, Clare Valley, Geographe, Goulburn Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Mudgee, New England, Peel, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan District, Tamar Valley, | Azal Espanhol, Bical, Bical Tinto, Carabuñera, Mortagua, Mortagua Preto, Touriga, Touriga Fina, Touriga National, Tourigo, Tourigo Antiguo, Tourigo do Dão | |||||
| Tribidrag[149] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Canberra, Central WA, Clare Valley, Eden Valley, Geelong, Geographe, Glenrowan, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Kangaroo Island, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Nagambie Lakes, Orange, Peel Pemberton, Perth Hills, Rutherglen, Southern Tasmania, Swan District, Swan Valley, Upper Goulburn, | Crljenac Kaštelanski, Crljenak, Grakošija, Gratošija, Kaštelanski, Krakošija, Kratkošica, Kratkošija, Kratkošija Crna, Kratošija, Kratošijo, Morellone, Pribidrag, Primaticcio, Primativo, Primitivo, Primitivo di Gioia, Trebidrag, Uva di Corato, Zagarese, Zinfandel | |||||
| Trincadeira Preta[150] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Plains, Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Peel, Yarra Valley | Black Alicante, Black Portugal, Castelão de Cova da Beira, Crato Preto, Crato Tinto, Folha de Abobora, Mortágua, Mortágua Preto, Mourteiro, Murteira, Negreda, Padeiro Bravo, Rifete, Rosete Espalhado, Tinta Amarela, Tinta Amarelha, Tinta Amarella, Tinta Carvallera, Tinta Manuola, Torneiro, Trincadeira | |||||
| Trollinger[151] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills | Over 160 synonyms including Admiral, Ägypter, Ägyptische, Ägyptischer, Aleksandriskii chernyi, Baccaria, Bacheracher, Bammerer, Barth der Alte, Bilsenroth, Black Gibraltar, Black Hambourg, Black Hamburg, Black Hamburgh, Black Prince, Black Tripoli, Blauer Trollinger, Blauwälsche, Bocksauge, Bocksaugen, Bocksbeutel, Bockshoden, Bockstraube, Braddick's Seedling, Bruxelloise, Chasselas bleu de Windsor, Chasselas de Jérusalem, Chasselas de Windsor, Dachtraube, Dachtrauben, Dutch Hamburgh, Edel Vernatsch, Edelvernatsch, Fleischtraube, Frankentaler, Frankenthal, Frankenthal noir, Frankenthaler, Garston Black Hamburgh, Gelbholziger schwarzblauer Trollinger, Gelbholziger Trollinger, Gros bleu, Gros noir, Gros plant grand noir, Gross Italiener, Gross Vernatsch, Grosse race, Grosser Burgunder, Grossroth, Grossschwarzer, Grossvernatsch, Hammelshoden, Hammelsschelle, Hammelssohlen, Hampton Court Vine, Hudler, Huttler, Imperator, Khei-Khan, Knevet's Black Hamburgh, Kölner Blau, Kreuzertraube, Lambert, Lamper, Languedoc, Lombard, Lugiana near, Maltheser Roth, Malvasier, Malvoisier, Maroquin d’Espagne, Meraner Kurtraube, Ministra, Modri Tirolan, Mohrendutte, Mohrentutte, Morrokin Barbaron, Nougaret grosse race, Pfundtraube, Plant de Paris, Pommerer, Pope Hamburgh, Prince Albert, Purple Hamburgh, Queen Victoria, Raisin bleu, Raisin bleu de Frankental, Raisin de Languedoc, Red Hamburgh, Rheinwein blau, Richmond Villa Hamburgh, Rothelbner, Salisbury violette, Schiava Grossa (this varieties other main name), Schiavone, Schiavone di Merano nero, Schliege, Schwarzblauer, Schwarzblauer Trollinger, Schwarzer, Schwarzer Wälscher, Schwarzwälscher, Spanisch Blau, Straihntraube, Südtiroler Kurtrauben, Teplichnyi chernyi, Tirolan crni, Tirolinger, Trolinger, Troller, Trollinger, Trollinger blau, Trollinger gelbholzig, Trollinger weissholzig, Trollingi kék, Tschaggele, Uva Cenerente, Uva meranese, Uva near d’Amburgo, Valentines, Victoria, Victoria Hamburgh, Wälscher, Warner's Hamburgh, Weissholziger Trollinger, Welke Burgundske, Welko modre, Zottelwälscher, Zottler | |||||
| Trousseau Noir[152] | Red | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Geographe, Margaret River, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley | Abrunhal, Bastardillo Chico, Bastardinha, Bastardinho, Bastardo, Capbreton Rouge, Carnaz, Chauche Noir, Cruchenton Rouge, Donzelino de Castille, Godello Tinto, Gros Cabernet,[153] María Ordoña, Maria Ordoñez, Maturana Tinta, Maturana Tinto, Maturano, Merenzao, Pinot Gris de Rio Negro, Roibal, Tinta, Tintilla, Tintollo Borgolona, Sémillon Rouge, Troussé, Trousseau, Troussot, Trusiaux, Verdejo, Verdejo Negro | |||||
| Troya (See Jacquez) | |||||||||
| Tyrian[154][155] | Red | Sumoll x Cabernet Sauvignon | Hunter Valley, Riverina, Robe, Swan Valley | ||||||
| Vernatsch (See Trollinger) | |||||||||
| Vespolina[156] | Red | Nebbiolo x ? | Alpine Valleys | Balsamina, Canneta, Guzetta, Guzzetta, Inzaga, Inzagre, Massana, Nespolina, Nespolino, Nespoulìn, Novalina, Solenga, Ughetta, Ughetta di Caneto, Ughetta di Canetto, Ughetta di Fassolo, Ughetta di Solenga, Uva Cinerina, Uva di Canneto, Uvetta di Canneto, Uvetta di Fassolo, Vespolino, Vispavola | |||||
| Vinhão (See Souzão) | |||||||||
| Zibibbo (See Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains) | |||||||||
| Zinfandel (See Tribidrag) | |||||||||
| Zweigelt[157] | Red | Saint Laurent x Blaufränkisch | Adelaide Hills | Blaue Zweigeltrebe, Blauer Zweigelt, Cvaigelt, Cveigelt, Klosterneuburg 71, Rotburger, Semenac Cerni 71, Zweigelt 71, Zweigeltrebe, Zwiegel |
White varieties
| Grape | Color | Pedigree | Location - Growers and Makers | International Synonyms | ||||||
| Albariño[158][159] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Nagambie Lakes, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Hunter Valley, Orange, Riverland, Rutherglen, South Burnett,[34] Upper Goulburn | Albariña, Albariño, Albelleiro, Alvarin Blanco, Alvarinha, Alvarinho, Alvariño, Azal Blanco, Cainho Branco, Galego, Galeguinho, Padernã | ||||||
| Aligoté[160] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x Pinot | King Valley, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula | Aligote Bijeli, Aligotte, Alligotay, Alligoté, Alligotet, Beaunié, Beaunois, Carcairone Blanc, Chaudenet Gras, Giboulot, Giboudot, Griset Blanc, Mahranauli, Mukhranuli, Plant de Trois, Plant Gris, Troyen Blanc, Vert Blanc | ||||||
| Ansonica (See Inzolia) | ||||||||||
| Aranel[161][162] | White[163] | Grenache Gris x Saint-Pierre Doré | Riverina | |||||||
| Arinto[164] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Heathcote, Margaret River, Riverland, Rutherglen | Assario Branco, Arintho, Arinto Cercial, Arinto d'Anadia, Arinto de Bucelas (second main name), Arinto Galego, Arintho, Azal Espanhol, Boal Cachudo, Chapeludo, Pedernã, Terrantez da Terceira, Torrontés | ||||||
| Arneis[165] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Canberra, Central Ranges, Clare Valley, Denmark, Eden Valley, Geelong, Geographe, Goulburn Valley, Hunter Valley, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Langhorne Creek, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Barker, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Shoalhaven Coast, Southern Highlands, Strathbogie Ranges, Tasmania North West, Yarra Valley | Bianchetta, Bianchetta di Alba, Bianchetto, Bianchetto di Verzuolo, Nebbiolo Bianco | ||||||
| Assyrtiko[166] | White | Unknown | Clare Valley | Assirtico, Assyrtico, Asurtico, Asyrtico, Asyrtiko | ||||||
| Aucerot[167] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x Pinot | King Valley | Aukseroa Blan, Auxera, Auxerois, Auxerrois Bijeli, Auxerrois Blanc, Auxerrois de Laquenexy, Auxois, Auzerrois Blanc, Blanc de Kienzheim, Blanc de Laquenexy, Ericey de la Montée, Little Heisch, Oinot Auxerrois, Okseroa, Pinot Auxerois, Pinot Auxerrois, Riesling Jaune de la Moselle, Yellow Auxerrois, White Auxerrois | ||||||
| Baroque[168] | White | Unknown | North East Victoria | Baroca, Barroque, Barroque Blanc, Bordalès, Bordelais Blanc, Bordeleza Zuria | ||||||
| Bianco d'Alessano[169] | White | Unknown | Riverland | Acchiappapalmento, Bianco di Alessano, Bianco di Lessame, Iuvarello, Verdurino, Vuiono | ||||||
| Biancone di Portoferraio[170] | White | Possibly Mammolo x ? | Rutherglen | Biancona, Biancone, Rollo, Uva Biancona | ||||||
| Blanquette (See Clairette) | ||||||||||
| Bourboulenc[171] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x ? | Barossa Valley, McLaren Vale | Asprokondura, Blanquette, Blanquette Menue, Bourboulenco, Bourbouleng, Bourboulenque, Bourbounenco, Clairete Dorée à Paulhan, Clairette à Grains Ronds, Clairette Dorée, Doucillon, Malvoisie, Ondenc, Picardan | ||||||
| Canada Muscat[172] | White | Muscat d'Hamburg[173] x Hubbard Seedless (Brighton)[174] x Campbell Early[175] | McLaren Vale, Riverina | NY 17806 | ||||||
| Cayetana Blanca[176] | White | Hebén x ? | Riverland, | Amor Blanco, Aujubi, Avesso do Minho, Baladi, Baladi-Verdejo, Balay, Belledy, Blanca Cayetana, Blanco Jaén, Boal Carrasquenha, Boal Carrasquenho, Cagazal, Calagrano Blanc, Calagraño, Carrasquenho, Cayetana, Cazagal, Charello, Charelo, Chaselo, Cheres, Cirial, Dedo, Dedro, Djiniani, Dora, Doradillo, Farta Gosos, Garillo, Garrida, Garrido, Garriga, Garrilla, Hoja Vuelta, Jaén Blanco, Jaén Doradillo, Jaén Empinadillo, Jaén Prieto Blanco, Jaenes, Jainas, Jarime, Jean de Castilla, Jean de Letur, Jean de Letur de Maratella, Jean Doradillo, Jean Dore, Jean Prieto, Machuenco, Maizancho, Malvasia, Malvoisie Espagnole, Mariouti, Morisca, Morisco, Mourisco Arsello, Mourisco Branco, Mourisco Portalegre, Naves, Naves Cazagal, Neruca, Padero, Parda, Pardina, Pirulet, Plateadillo, Robal Tierra de Barros, Sarigo | ||||||
| Chardonnay[177][178] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Albany, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Blackwood Valley, Central WA, Coal River Valley, Coonawarra, Cowra, Denmark, Derwent Valley, Darling Downs,[25] Eden Valley, Ferguson Valley, Frankland River, Geographe, Gippsland, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Granite Belt,[33] Great Lakes, Great Southern, Hastings River, Henty, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Huon/Channel, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, Lower Region, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mount Benson, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Padthaway, Peel, Pemberton, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Pipers River, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, South Burnett,[34] Strathbogie Ranges, Southern Fleurieu, Swan District, Swan Hill, Tamar Valley, Tasmania East Coast, Tasmania North East, Tasmania North West, Tasmania Southern, Tumbarumba, Upper Goulburn, Yarra Valley | About 120 synonyms including Arboisier, Arnaison Blanc, Arnoison, Aubain, Aubaine, Auvergnat Blanc, Auvernat Blanc, Auxerrois, Auxois, Beaunois, Blanc de Champagne, Chardonnay Bijeli, Chardonnet, Chaudenay, Chaudent, Chaudeny, Clevner, Clävner. Epinette, Epinette de Champagne, Gamay Blanc, Gentil Blanc, Klawner, Luisant, Melon à Queue Rouge, Melon Blanc, Melon d'Arbois, Melon d'Arlay, Morillon, Morillon Blanc, Noirien Blanc, Obaideh, Pinneau Blanc, Pinot Blanc Chardonnay, Pinot de Bourgogne, Pinot Noir, Rousseau, Wais Edler, Waiser Clevner, White Rulände, Yellow Burgundy | ||||||
| Chasselas[179] | White | Mornen Noir x ? | Grampians[180] | About 250 synonyms including Abelione, Abelone, Albilloidea, Alsacia blanca, Amber Chasselas, Amber Muscadine, Bar sur Aube, Bela Glera, Bela žlahtnina, Berezka Prostaya, Berioska Casla, Beyaz Gutedel, Biela Plemenika Praskava, Biela Plemincka Chrapka, Biela Plemincka Pruskawa, Blanchette, Blanquette, Bon blanc, Bordo, Bournet, Bournot, Ceasla, Charapka, Chasselas, Chasselas Angevin, Chasselas bianco, Chasselas Blanc Royal, Chasselas Blanchette, Chasselas Crognant, Chasselas Croquant, Chasselas de Bar-sur-Aube, Chasselas de Bordeaux, Chasselas de Florence, Chasselas de Fontainebleau, Chasselas de Jalabert, Chasselas de la Contrie, Chasselas de la Naby, Chasselas de Moissac, Chasselas de Montauban, Chasselas de Mornain, Chasselas de Pondichéry, Chasselas de Pontchartrain, Chasselas de Pouilly, Chasselas de Quercy, Chasselas de Rappelo, Chasselas de Tenerife, Chasselas de Teneriffe, Chasselas de Thomeri, Chasselas de Toulaud, Chasselas de Vaud, Chasselas di Fountanbleau, Chasselas di Thomery, Chasselas Dorada, Chasselas Dorato, Chasselas Dore, Chasselas Dore Hatif, Chasselas Dore Salomon, Chasselas du Doubs, Chasselas du Portugal, Chasselas du Roi, Chasselas du Serail, Chasselas du Thor, Chasselas Dugommier, Chasselas Dur, Chasselas Fendant, Chasselas Hatif de Tenerife, Chasselas Haute Selection, Chasselas Jalabert, Chasselas Jaune Cire, Chasselas Piros, Chasselas Plant Droit, Chasselas Queen Victoria, Chasselas Reine Victoria, Chasselas Salsa, Chasselas Tokay Angevine, Chasselas Vert de la Cote, Chasselas White, Chasselat, Chrupka, Chrupka Biela, Chrupka Bila, Common Muscadine, Danka Belaya, Dinka Belaya, Dinka blanche, Dobrorozne, Doppelte Spanische, Dorin, Doucet, Eau Douce blanche, Edelschoen, Edelwein, Edelweiss, Edelxeiss, Elsaesser, Elsasser Weiss, Fabian, Fabiantraube, Fábiánszőlő, Fehér Chasselas, Fehér Fábiánszőlő, Fehér gyöngyszőlő, Fehér ropogós, Fendant, Fendant blanc, Fendant Roux, Fendant vert, Florenci Jouana, Fondan Belyi, Franceset, Franceseta, Frauentraube, Gamet, Gelber Gutedel, Gemeiner Gutedel, Gentil blanc, Gentil vert, Golden Bordeaux, Golden Chasselas, Grossblaettrige Spanische, Grosse Spanische, Grosser Spaniger, Gruener Gutedel, Gutedel, Gutedel Weiss, Gutedel Weisser, Gyöngyszőlő, Junker, Koenigs Gutedel, Kracher, Krachgutedel, Krachmost, Lardot, Lourdot, Maisa, Marzemina bianca, Marzemina Niduca, Morlenche, Mornan blanc, Mornen, Mornen blanc, Most, Most Rebe, Moster, Pariser Gutedel, Perlan, Pinzutella, Plamenka Belyi, Plant de Toulard, Plant de Toulaud, Plemenika Praskava, Plemenka, Plemenka Bela, Plemenka Rana, Pleminka Biela, Praskava, Pruscava Biela, Queen Victoria, Queen Victoria White, Raisin D'officier, Ranka, Rebe Herrn Fuchses, Reben Herm Fuchs, Reben Herrn, Rheinrebe, Rosmarinentraube, Rosmarintraube, Royal Muscadine, Sasla, Sasla Bela, Schoenedel, Shasla Belaya, Shasla Dore, Shasla Lechebnaya, Shasla Viktoria, Silberling, Silberweiss, Silberweissling, Silberwissling, Strapak, Suessling, Suesstraube, Sweetwater, Sweetwater White, Temprano, Temprano blanco, Terravin, Tribi Vognoble, Tribiano Tedesco, Ugne, Uslechtile Bile, Valais blanc, Viala, Viviser, Waelsche, Waelscher, Weisser Gutedel, Weisser Krachgutedel, White Chasselas, White Muscadine, White Sweetwater, White Van der Laan, Žlahtina, Žlahtnina, Žlahtnina bijela, Zlatina, Župljanka | ||||||
| Chenin Blanc[181][182] | White | Possibly Savagnin = Traminer x ? | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Central Western Australia, Clare Valley, Denmark, Frankland River, Geelong, Geographe, Goulburn Valley, Greater Perth, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Murray Darling, Peel, Pemberton, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Queensland Zone,[60] Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Sunbury, Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley | Over 80 synonyms including Agudelo, Agudillo, Anjou, Blanc d'Aunis, Blanc Emery, Bon Blanc, Capbreton Blanc, Chenin Beli, Chenin Bijeli, Cugnette, Cruchinet, Fehér Chenin, Franc Blanc, Gamay Blanc, Gros Chenin, Gros Pineau, Pineau Blanc, Pineau d'Anjou, Pineau de Briollay, Pineu de la Loire, Pineau de Savennières, Pineau de Vouvray, Pinot de la Loire, Pinot Gros de Vouvray, Plant d'Anjou, Plant de Breze, Que Fort, Ronchalin, Rouchalin, Rouchelin, Rouchelein, Rougelin, Steen, Vaalblaar Stein, White Pinot | ||||||
| Clairette[183] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Hunter Valley, Yarra Valley | Blanc Laffite, Blanquette, Clairet, Clairette Blanche, Clarette, Fehér Clairette, Kleret, Klaret Belyi, Muscade, Oeillade Blanche, Osianka, Osyanka, Petit Blanc, Petit Kleret, Pignola Bianca, Uva Gijona, Vivsianka, Vivsyanca, Vivsyanka | ||||||
| Colombard[184][185] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x Chenin Blanc | Adelaide Plains, Central Ranges, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Granite Belt,[33] King Valley, Lower Murray, Murray Darling, Riverina, Riverland, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Yarra Valley | Bardero, Blanc Emery, Bon Blanc, Chabrier Vert, Charbrier Vert, Colombar, Colombeau, Colombie, Colombier, Coulombier, Cubzadais, Donne Rousse, Donne Verte, Gros Blanc Doux, Gros Blanc Roux, Guenille, Martin Cot, Queue Tendre, Queue Verte, Tourterelle French Colombard, West's White Prolific | ||||||
| Cortese[186] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Upper Goulburn | Bianca Fernanda, Corteis, Cortese Bianca, Cortese Bianco, Cortese d'Asti, Cortese dell'Astigliano, Courteis, Courteisa, Courtesia, Fernanda Bianca, Raverusto | ||||||
| Crouchen[187] | White | Unknown | Clare Valley, King Valley | Basque, Cape Riesling, Clare Riesling, Cougnet, Crochenta, Crouchen Blanc, Cruchen Blanc, Cruchenta, Cruchenton Blanc, Grand Blanc, Groenblaarsteen, Hondarribi Zuri, Kaapse Riesling, Messange Blanc, Messanges Blanc, Navarre Blanc, Paarl Riesling, Riesling Vert, Sable Blanc, Sales Blanc, SA Riesling, South African Riesling, Trouchet Blanc, Zurizerratia | ||||||
| Cygne Blanc[188][189] | White | A selfing[190] of Cabernet Sauvignon | Mount Benson, Swan Valley | |||||||
| Doradillo (See Cayetana Blanca)[191]) | ||||||||||
| Ehrenfelser[192] | White | Riesling x Knipperlé | Coal River Valley | |||||||
| Fiano[193][194] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Central Ranges, Clare Valley, Geelong, Geographe, Granite Belt,[33] Great Southern, Heathcote, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Perth Hills, Queensland Zone,[60] Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan Valley, Yarra Valley | Apiana, Apiano, Fiana, Fiano di Avellino, Fiore Mendillo, Foiano, Latina Bianca, Latina Bianca di Barletta, Latino, Latino Bianco, Santa Sofia | ||||||
| Flora[195] | White | Sémillon x Gewürztraminer | King Valley, Murray Darling | |||||||
| Frontignac (See Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) | ||||||||||
| Fumé Blanc (See Sauvignon Blanc) | ||||||||||
| Furmint[196] | White | Alba Imputotato[197] x Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) | Grampians | Over 30 synonyms including Arany Furmint, Budai Goher, Fehér Furmint, Furmint Boanco, Furmint Blanc, Furmint Giallo, Lazafürtü Furmint, Luttenberger, Malvasia Verde, Mehlweiß, Moslavac, Moslavac Bijeli, Mosler, Moster, Pošipel, Pošipon, Sauvignon Vert, Seestock, Seeineinbeere, Sipelj, Šipon, Som, Szigeti, Tokay, Tokaji,Токай, Valtozó Furmint, Weißer Landstock, Weißlaber, Weißlabler, Weißlauber, Zapfner, Zopf | ||||||
| Garganega[198] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Goulburn Valley, McLaren Vale, North East Victoria, Queensland Zone[60] | Decanico, Dorana di Venetia, Garganega Bijela, Garganega Comune, Garganega di Gambellara, Garganega Gentile, Garganega Grossa, Garganega Piramidale, Garganega Veronese, Grecanico, Grecanico Bianco, Grecanico Dorato, Grecenicu Biancu, Lizzara, Malvasia de Manresa, Ostesa, Ostesona, Recanicu | ||||||
| Gewürztraminer[199][200] | White | A taste mutation of Savagnin Rose | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Canberra, Clare Valley, Cowra, Coal River Valley, Coonawarra, Currency Creek, Denmark, Tasmania East Coast, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Geelong, Gippsland, Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, Heathcote, Henty, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Benson, Mudgee, New England, Northen Rivers, Orange, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] Strathbogie Ranges, Swan District, Tamar Valley, Tasmania North East, Tasmania Southern, Upper Goulburn, Yarra Valley | Bon Blanc, Christkindlestraube, Christkindltraube, Clevner, Diseci Traminec, Fleischrot, Fleischroth, Fleischvainer, Fleischweiner, Fuszeres Tramini, Gentil Aromatique, Gentil Rose Aromatique, Formentin Rouge, Fromenteau Rouge, Heidarot, Klevner, Mala Dinka, Musler, Piros Tramini, Rosentraminer, Roter Traminer, Rother Muskattraminer, Rusa, Savanah, Savagnin Rose Aromatique, Tramea, Tramín Červený, Traminac Crveni, Traminer Aromatique, Traminer Aromatico, Traminer Musqué, Traminer Parfumé, Traminer Rose, Traminer Rot, Traminer Roz, Tramini Piros | ||||||
| Gouais Blanc[201] | White | Unknown | Rutherglen | About 180 synonyms including Bauernweinbeer, Belina, Belina Drobna, Bettschisser, Blanc de Serres, Blanció, Bon Blanc, Borzenauer, Bouillan, Bouillaed, Bouilleaud, Branco Valente, Branestraube, Braun, Braun Traube, Burgegger, Burger, Dickweiße, Dickwiss, Enfariné Blanc, Foirard, Frankenthaler, Gauche Blanc, Gigante Branco, Goe, Goet, Goez, Goix, Gôt, Gouais Jaune, Gouche, Gouche Blanche, Gouest Sauge, Gouet Blanc, Gouette, Gouget Blanc, Goys, Grobes, Grobes Saures, Grobwein, Grobweißer, Gros Blanc, Gueuche Blanc, Gwäss, Hajnos, Hensch, Heunisch, Heinisch, Heinsch, Hensch, Hentschler, Heunscher, Heunschler, Hinschen, Hintsch, Hunnentraub, Hunsch, Hünsch, Hunschrebe, Huntsch, Hynsch, Hyntsch, Kleinberger, Krapinska Belina, Laxiertraube, Liseiret, Lisoera, Lombard Blanc, Mehlweiß, Moreau Blanc, Mouillet, Petit Gouge, Pikanina Bijela, Plant de Séchex, Plant Madame, Président, Preveiral, Provereau Blanc, Quadler, Scheißtraube, Thalburger, Thalburger Grünling, Verdet, Verdin Blanc, Vionnier, Weißer Zapfner, Weißgrobe, Weißstock, Wippacher | ||||||
| Greco Bianco[202][203] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Murray Darling, Pyrenees, Riverland, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | Asprinia, Asprinio, Asprinio Bianco, Asprino, Greco del Vesuvio, Greco della Torre, Greco di Napoli, Greco di Tufo, Grieco, Grieco di Castelvenere, Uva Asprinia | ||||||
| Grenache Gris[204] | White[205] | Probably a color mutation of Garnacha Tinta[206] | Barossa Valley | Garnacha Gris, Garnacha Rioja, Garnacho Rojo, Garnatxa Gris, Garnatxa Roja, Gray Grenache, Grenache Gris, Grenache Rouge, Piros Grenache, Rosco dos Pinheiro, Szürke Grenache | ||||||
| Grillo[207] | White | Catarratto Bianco Lucido x Muscat of Alexandria (Zibibbo) | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, McLaren Vale | Ariddu, Riddu, Rossese Bianco | ||||||
| Grüner Veltliner[208][209] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Canberra, Clare Valley, Eden Valley, McLaren Vale, Hilltops, Langhorne Creek, Macedon Ranges, Mount Benson, Orange, Tasmania Southern, Tamar Valley, Tumbarumba, Upper Goulburn | Bielospicak, Dreimänner, Falkensteiner, Fehérhegyü, Feldlinger, Grauer Veltliner, Green Valtellina, Grüner, Grüner Muskateller, GrüVe, GV, Manhardsrebe, Manhardtraube, Manhartsrebe, Mauhardsrebe, Mouhardrebe, Valtelin Blanc, Valteliner, Valteliner Blanc, Valteliner Vert, Veltliner, Veltliner Verde, Veltlínské Zelené Weißer, Weißer Reifler, Weißgipfler (second main name), Zeleni Veltinec, Zöld Veltelini | ||||||
| Hárslevelű[210] | White | Furmint x ? | Hilltops, Manjimup | Budai Fehér, Budai Goher, Feuille de Tilleul, Harch Levelu, Hárslevele, Hárslevelu, Hársleveleue, Harst Levelyu, Hárzevelu, Hosszunyelü Féher, Kerekes, Kereklevelü, Lämmerschwanz, Lindenblättrige, Lindenblättriger, Lipolist, Lipolist Biyali, Lämmerschwanz, Lindenblättrige, Lindenblättriger, Lipovina, Weißer | ||||||
| Inzolia[211] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Murray Darling | Ansolia, Ansolica, Ansoliku, Ansonica, Ansonica Bianca, Ansora, Ansorica, Anzonica, Insolia, Insolia di Palermo, Insora, Nzolia, Zolia Bianca | ||||||
| Kerner[212] | White | Trollinger (Schiava Grossa) x Riesling | Eden Valley, Murray Darling | Herold Triumpf, Kerner Bijeli, Kernerrebe, Weinsberg S 25, Weißer Herold (original name) | ||||||
| Macabeo[213] | White | Hebén x Brustiano faux | Riverland | Charas Blanc, Gredelin, Lardot, Macabeu, Maccabéo, Maccabeu, Ugni Blanc, Viura, Vuera | ||||||
| Madeleine Angevine[214][215] | White | Blanc d'Ambre[216] x Madeleine Royale | Swan Valley | Chasselas de Talhouet, Korai Magda, Maddalena Angevina, Madlen Anževin, Madlen Anzhuiskaya, Petrovskii, Petrovskij, Petrovsky, Republician, Weißer Äugstler | ||||||
| Malvasia Istriana[217] | White | Unknown | Alpine Valleys, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Tamar Valley | Casasola, Istarska Malvazija, Malvasia del Carso, Malvasia di Ronchi, Malvasia Friulana, Malvasia lstriana, Malvasia nostrale, Malvasia puntinata, Malvoisie de Istrie, Malvoisie d'Istrie Blanche, Weißer Malvasia, Malvazija, Malvazija Istarska, Malvazija Istarska Bijela, Polijšakica Drnovk, Vrbic, Vrbic Bijeli, Weißer Malvasier von Istrien, White Malvoisie from Istria | ||||||
| Marsanne[218][219] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Canberra, Eden Valley, Gippsland, Goulburn Valley, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Mount Barker, Mount Benson, Nagambie Lakes, Orange, Pemberton, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley, Wrattonbully, Yarra Valley | Avilleran, Avilleron, Ermitage, Ermitage Blanc, Hermitage, Grosse Roussette, Malvasia Bianca di Lucania, Marsan, Marsanne Belyi, Marsanne Blanche, Marsanne Drome, Marzanne, Rousseau, Roussette Grosse, Roussette Saint-Péray, White Hermitage | ||||||
| Melon de Bourgogne[220] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x Pinot | Barossa Valley, Mornington Peninsula | Auxerrois Gros, Blanc de Nantes, Bourguignon Blanc, Feuille Ronde, Gamay Blanc, Gros Blanc, Latran, Lyonnais, Lyonnaise Blanche, Melon, Melon Bijeli, Melon de Bourgogne, Muscadet,[221] Petit Bourgogne, Pétoin, Pétouin, Plant de Bourgogne, Savagnin Jaune | ||||||
| Mondeuse Blanche[222] | White | Unknown | McLaren Vale | Aigre Blanc, Blanc Aigre, Blanchette, Couilleri, Dongine, Jongin, Jonvin, Molette, Savouette | ||||||
| Monbadon[223] | White | Folle Blanche x Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano Toscano) | Rutherglen | Aouba, Auba, Blanc de Cadillac, Burger, Cadillac, Frontignan des Charentes | ||||||
| Montils[224][225] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x ? | Hunter Valley | Aucarot, Aucerot, Blanc de Montils, Chalosse | ||||||
| Moscato Giallo[226] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Bendigo, Canberra, Central Ranges, Clare Valley, Darling Downs,[25] Geographe, Gippsland, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, Langhorne Creek, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Murray Darling, Nagambie Lakes, Orange, Riverina, Riverland, Southern Highlands, Swan Hill, Tamar Valley, Upper Goulburn, Yarra Valley | Fior d'Arancio, Goldmuskateller,[227] Moscatel, Moscatel Amarilla, Moscatel Amarillo, Moscato della Siria, Moscato Sirio, Muscatedda, Muscat Vert, Muscat du Pays, Muskat Zuti | ||||||
| Müller-Thurgau[228][229] | White | Riesling x Madeleine Royale | Ballarat, Mount Barker, Mudgee, Southern New South Wales Zone, Tamar Valley | Miler Turgau, Mueller Thurgeau, Mueller Thurgeaux, Mueller Thurgau Bianco, Mueller Thurgau Bijeli, Mueller Thurgaurebe, Muellerka, Muellerovo, Müller, Müller-Thurgau Blanc, Müller-Thurgau Rebe, Müller Thurgau Weiß, Müller Thurgau Weißer, Muller Thurgau, Muller Thurgau White, Muller Torgau, Mullerka, Mullerovo, Myuller Turgau, Riesling-Silvaner, Riesling x Silvaner, Riesling-Sylvaner, Riesvaner, Rivaner, Rizlingsilvani, Rizlingsylvany, Rizlingszilvani, Rizlingszilváni, Rizvanac, Rizvanac Bijeli, Rizanec, Rizvanec, Rizvanecr, Uva di Lauria | ||||||
| Muscadelle[230] | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x ? | Barossa Valley, Canberra, Clare Valley, Glenrowan, King Valley, Margaret River, McLaren Vale, Mudgee, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan Valley | Angelicaut, Angelico, Blanc Cadillac, Bouillenc, Bouillenc Muscat, Buillenc, Doucanelle, Douzanelle, Guilan Doux, Guilan Muscat, Guilan Musque, Guilhan Muscat, Guillan, Guillan Musque, Guinlhan Musque, Marseillais, Muscade, Muscadela, Muscadelle de Bordelais Muscat Fou, Musquette, Raisimotte, Sauvignon à Gros Grains, Sauvignon Muscadelle, Sauvignon Vert, Tokay, Topaque | ||||||
| Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains[231] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Glenrowan, Greater Perth, King Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Riverina, Riverland, Rutherglen, South Burnett,[34] Southern Highlands, Swan Valley, Western Plains | Around 300 synonyms including Bela Dinka, Beli Muskat, Beyaz Misket, Bornova Misket, Brown Muscat, Franczier Veros Muscatel, Frontignac, Frontignan, Gelber Muskateller, Generosa, Grauer Muskateller, Istarski Muškat, Momjanski Muškat, Moscatel Branco, Moscatel Castellano, Moscatel Commun, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Moscatel de Grano Pequeno, Moscatel do Douro, Moscatel Encarnado, Moscatel Fino, Moscatel Galego Branco, Moscatel Morisco, Moscatella Generosa, Moscatello Bianco, Moscatello di Saracena, Moscatello di Taggia, Moscato Bianco, Moscato di Chambave, Moscato d'Asti, Moscato dei Colli Euganei, Moscato di Canelli, Moscato di Momiano, Moscato di Montalcino, Moscato di Noto, Moscato di Tempio, Moscato di Trani, Moscato Reale, Moschato, Moschato Aspro, Moschato Kerkyras, Moschato Lefko, Moschato Mazas, Moschato Samou, Moschato Spinas, Moschato Trani, Moscodellone, Moschoudi, Moschoudi Proïmo, Muscadel, Muscat Belii, Muscat Belyi, Muscat Blanc, Muscat Canelli, Muscat d'Alsace, Muscat de Colmar, Muscat de Die, Muscat de Lunel, Muscat de Narbonne, Muscat du Valais, Muscat Frontignac, Muscat Frontignan, Muscat Sámos, Muscadel, Muškat Istarski, Muškat Momjanski, Muskateller, Muškát Žltý, Muškát Žlutý, Myskett, Piros Muskotály, Roter Muskateller, Rumeni Muškat, Sárga Muskotály, Schwarzer Muskateller, Muskuti, Tamâioasa Alba, Tamâioasa Romaneasca, Tamyanka, Temjanika, Weihrauch, Weißer Muskateller, Weirer, White Frontignan | ||||||
| Muscat Fleur d'Oranger (Orange Muscat)[232] | White | Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains x Chasselas | Beechworth, Mount Barker, Mudgee, Southern New South Wales Zone, Goulburn Valley, King Valley, Rutherglen, Western Plains | Around 300 synonyms including Bela Dinka, Beli Muskat, Beyaz Misket, Bornova Misket, Brown Muscat, FranczierChasselas à Fleur d'Orange, Cranford Muscat, Lacrimae Christi, Madarski Muskat, Mirisavka, Moscatel Gordo Peludo, Moscato Fior d'Arancio, Muscat Croquant, Muscat de Jésus, Muscat d'Espagne, Muscat Jaune, Muscat of Hungary, Muscat Queen Victoria, Muscat Regnier, Muscat Vengerskii, Orange Muscat, Orange Muskat, Primavis Muskat, Raisin Vanilla, Vanilia Muskotally, White Vanilla Grape | ||||||
| Nosiola[233] | White | Rèze x ? | Heathcote | Groppello Bianco, Nosella, Nosellara, Nosilla, Nosiola Gentile, Nusiola, Nusiola Gentile, Spargelen, Spargeren, Spatfelen | ||||||
| Ondenc[234] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley | Austenq, Baratszoeloe, Béquin, Blanquette, Dourec, Dourech, Guindolenc, Hamuszoeloe, Irvine's White, Oeil de Tour, Ondain, Ondainc, Ondenc Blanc, Ondent, Ondin, Oundenc, Oundenq, Oustenc, Oustenq, Oustenque, Piquepout de Moiss Plant de Gaillac, Trousseau Gris | ||||||
| Palomino[235][236] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Riverland, Rutherglen | About 130 synonyms including Albán, Albar, Albillo de Lucena, Assario, Blanc d'Anjou, Chasselas de Jesus, Golden Chasselas, Diagalves, Fransdruif, Guignard de Saintours 1, Jerez, Jerezana, Jerez de la Frontera, Jerez Dorado, Jerez Fina, Jerez Fino, Listan, Listan de Jerez, Listán Blanco, Listán Comun, Listão, Listrão, Madera, Malvasia Rei, Manzanilla de Sanlucar, Merseguera, Mourisco, Ojo de Liebre, Orcaculo, Palomina, Palomina Blanca, Palomina Blanche, Palomino Basto, Palomino de Chipiona, Palomino de Jerez, Palomino del Pinchito, Palomino Fino, Palomino Fino des Xeres, Palomino Listán, Palomino Macho, Palomino Pelusón, Palominos, Palote, Paulo, Perrum, Point Noir, Temprana, Tempranilla, Tempranillo de Granada, White French, White French Fransdruif, Xeres, Zarcillarda | ||||||
| Parellada[237] | White | Hebén x ? | Mudgee | Martorella, Moltonach, Montañesa, Montona, Montònec, Montònech, Montònega, Montòneo, Montònero, Parellada Blanc, Perellada, Verda Grossa | ||||||
| Pedro Ximénez[238] | White | Hebén x ? | Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, Margaret River, Mount Lofty Ranges, Perth Hills, Rutherglen, Swan Valley | Corinto Bianco, Don Bueno, Pedro, Pedro Gimenez Rio Coloradedro, Pedro Jimenez, Uva Pedro Ximénez, Uva Pero Ximénez, Ximenes, Pero Ximén, Perrum, PX, Verdello, Ximen, Ximenecia, Ximénez, Ximenecia and Zalema Colchicina | ||||||
| Petit Manseng[239] | White | Savagnin Blanc (Traminer) x ? | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Beechworth, Gippsland, Granite Belt,[33] Henty, King Valley, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mudgee, New England, Orange, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Riverland, Rutherglen | Escriberou, Ichiriota Zuria Tipia, Izkiriot Ttipi, Iskiriota Zuri Tipia, Mansein Blanc, Manseing, Mansenc Blanc, Mansenc Grisroux, Manseng Blanc, Manseng Petit Blanc, Mansengou, Mansic, Mansin, Mausec, Miot | ||||||
| Petit Meslier | White | Gouais Blanc (Heunisch) x Savagnin Blanc (Traminer) | Tamar Valley | Melié, Melié Blanc, Meslier de Champagne, Meslier Doré, Meslier Jaune, Meslier Petit, Meslier Vert, Orbois, Petit Meslier à Queue Rouge | ||||||
| Picolit[240][241] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Plains, Bendigo, Gippsland, Heathcote, King Valley, Mudgee | Over 30 synonyms including Piccoleto, Piccolit, Piccolito, Piccolito Bianco, Piccolito del Friuli, Picolit Bianco, Piculit, Pikolit | ||||||
| Picpoul (See Piquepoul Blanc) | ||||||||||
| Pignoletto[242][243] | White | Possibly a subvariety of Grechetto | Geographe, Perth Hills | Aglionzina, Alionzina, Grechetto di Todi, Grechetto Gentile, Occhietto, Pallagrello di Caserta, Piedimonte Bianco, Pignoletta Bianca, Pignoletto Bolognese, Pignolino, Pulcinculo, Rébola, Ribolla Riminese, Strozzavolpe, Uve Pignole | ||||||
| Pinot Blanc[244] | White | A clonal variation of Pinot[245] | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Gippsland, Great Lakes, Heathcote, Langhorne Creek, Macedon Ranges, Margaret River, Pemberton, Riverina, Southern Fleurieu, Southern Highlands, Tasmania Southern, Tamar Valley, Yarra Valley | About100 synonyms including Bon Blanc, Arnaison Blanc, Auvernat Blanc, Beli Pinot, Burgundi Fehér, Burgundské Biele, Burgundy Veisser, Chardonnet Pinot Blanc, Clevner, Epinette Blanche, Fehér Burgundi, Gentil Blanc, Klävner, Kleinedel, Moréote Blanche, Morillon Blanc, Noirien Blanc, Pino Belîi, Pino Blanc, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Bijeli, Pinot Blanc Chardonnet, Pinot Blanc Vrai, Pinot Branco, Rulandské Biele, Rulandské Bílé, Weißburgunder, Weißer Arbst | ||||||
| Pinot Gris (Grigio)[246][247] | White | A clonal variation of Pinot (see Pedigree reference under Pinot Blanc) | Adelaide Hills, Derwent Valley, Great Lakes, Huon/Channel, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Island, King Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Murray Darling, Padthaway, Pemberton, Riverina, Riverland, Southern Fleurieu, Swan District, Swan Hill, Wrattonbully, Yarra Valley | Arnaison Gris, Arnoison Gris, Auvernat Gris, Auxerrois Gris, Beurot, Burgundské Šedé, Burgundské Sivé, Clevner, Druser, Edelklevner, Friset, Fromenteau Gris, Griset, Hamvas Szoeloe, Little Traminer, Malvoisie, Moréote Gris, Musler, Noirien Gris, Pinot Beurot, Rajik, Rheingrauer, Ruländer, Rulander Grigio, Rulandské Šedé, Rulandské Sivé, Sivi Pinot, Skuerzbarát, Speyerer, Tokay | ||||||
| Piquepoul Blanc[248][249] | White | A mutation of Piquepoul Noir[250] | Barossa Valley, Granite Belt,[33] McLaren Vale | Avello, Avillo, Fehér Piquepoul, Languedocien, Picapoll, Picabolla, Picapulla, Picboul, Picpoul de Pinet, Piquepoul de Pinet | ||||||
| Prosecco[251][252][253] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Alpine Valleys, Beechworth, Central Ranges, Currency Creek, Eden Valley, Geelong, Heathcote, Hilltops, King Valley, McLaren Vale, Macedon Ranges, Margaret River, Murray Darling, Nagambie Lakes, New England, Perth Hills, Riverland, Rutherglen, Swan Hill, Upper Goulburn, Wrattonbully | Beli Teran, Briska Glera, Ghera, Glere, Gljera, Grappolo Spargolo, Prosecco Tondo, Serpina, Serprina, Serprino, Steverjana, Teran Bijeli, Uva Pissona | ||||||
| Ribolla Gialla[254] | White | Unknown | Mornington Peninsula | Avola, Erbula, Gargania, Garganija, Garganja, Grganc, Jarbola, Jerbula, Rabola, Rabiola, Rebolla, Rebula, Rebula Bela, Ribola Bijela, Ribolla Bianca, Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo, Ribolla di Rosazzo, Ribuèle, Zelena Rebula | ||||||
| Riesling[255][256] | White | (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris x Traminer) x Weißer Heunisch (Gouais Blanc) | Adelaide Hills, Albany, Barossa Valley, Canberra, Central WA, Clare Valley, Cowra, Coal River Valley, Denmark, Derwent Valley, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Henty, Huon/Channel, Macedon Ranges, Padthaway, Pemberton, Riverina, Riverland, Swan District, Tasmania East Coast, Tasmania North East, Tasmania North West, Tamar Valley, Tasmania Southern, Western Plains | Over 150 synonyms including Beyaz Riesling, Fehér Rajnai, Gräfenberger, Hochheimer, Johannisberg Riesling, Johannisberger, Kleinriesling, Klingelberger, Lipka, Noble Riesling, Petit Rhin, Raisin du Rhin, Rajnai Rizling, Rajnski, Rajinski Riesling, Renski Rizling, Rhine Riesling, Riesling Rhénan, Riesling Renano, Рислінг, Risling, Rislinoc, Rislinok, Rissling, Ritzling, Rizling, Rizling Rýnsky, Rajnski, Rüsseking, Ryzlink Rýnský, Starovetski, White Riesling, Yellow Riesling | ||||||
| Roussanne[257] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Bendigo, Canberra, Central Ranges, Clare Valley, Currency Creek, Gippsland, Grampians, Granite Belt,[33] Hastings River, Heathcote, Hunter Valley, McLaren Vale, Margaret River, Murray Darling, Nagambie Lakes, Northern River, Pemberton, Pyrenees, Queensland Coastal, Queensland Zone,[60] Riverina, Rutherglen, Shoalhaven Coast, Sunbury, Yarra Valley | Barbin, Bergeron, Courtoisie, Fromental, Fromental Jaune, Fromenteal, Fromenteau, Greffon, Greffou, Martin Cot, Martin Rot, Petite Roussette, Rosana, Roussanne Blanc, Rusan, Rusan Blan | ||||||
| Sauvignon Blanc[258] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Albany, Blackwood Valley, Canberra, Coal River Valley, Cowra, Frankland River, Geographe, Great Lakes, Manjimup, Margaret River, Mornington Peninsula, Mount Benson, Murray Darling, Orange, Pemberton, Riverina, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, Southern Fleurieu, Swan Hill, Tasmania East Coast | About 100 synonyms including Blanc Doux, Blanc Fumé, Blanc Fumet, Feigentraube, Fehér Sauvignon, Fumé, Fumé Blanc, Genetin, Gennetin, Gentin a Romorantin, Gros Sauvignon, Libournais, Muscatni Silvanec, Muskat-Silvaner, Painechon, Palledrina, Pissotta, Puinechou, Punéchon, Punechou, Quinechon, Sauternes, Sauvignon Bianco, Sauvignon Bijeli, Sauvignon Blanc Musqué, Sauvignon Blanco, Sauvignon Fumé, Sauvignon Jaune, Sauvignon Jaune, Sauvignon Musque, Savagnou, Sotern Marunt, Sovinjon, Spergola, Surin, Verdo Belîi, White Silvaner, Würzsilvaner, Zöld Ortlibi | ||||||
| Sauvignon Gris[259] | White | A colour mutation of Sauvignon Blanc | Pemberton | Fié, Fié Dans le Neuvillois, Fiers, Sauvignon Rosé, Sovignon Gris | ||||||
| Savagnin Blanc (Not to be confused with Sauvignon Blanc)[260][261][159][262] | White | Unknown | Denmark, Geographe, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Yarra Valley | Auvernat blanc, Bon blanc, Edeltraube, Forment, Formentin, Formentin blanc, Fraentsch, Fromente, Fromenteau, Gelber Traminer, Gentil blanc, Gentile blanc, Gringet, Gruenedel, Nature, Printsch Grau, Ryvola Bila, Salvagnin, Savagnin, Savagnin Jaune, Schleitheimer, Servoyen blanc, Traminer, Traminer D'Ore, Traminer Weiss, Weißer Traminer, Traminac | ||||||
| Schönburger[263] | White | Pinot Noir x Pirovano 1 (Chasselas Rose)[264] x Muscat d'Hamburg[173]) | Tasmania East Coast, Tasmania North West | Geisenheim 15-114, Schönberger, Schönburger Rose | ||||||
| Sémillon[265][266] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Blackwood Valley, Cowra, Denmark, Frankland River, Geographe, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Great Lakes, Hastings River, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Kangaroo Island, Margaret River, Mudgee, Murray Darling, Orange, Peel, Pemberton, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Tamar Valley | Over 50 synonyms including Barnawartha Pinot, Blanc Doux, Boal Branco, Boal no Douro, Chevrier, Colombier, Greengrape, Gros Sémillon, Hunter River Riesling, Malaga, Malaga Bianco, Mances Blanc, Marcillac, Merwah, Monsois Blanc, Oron Sémillon, Saint Émilion, Semijon, Semilão, Semilion, Semillon Bianco, Semillon Fehér, Sémillon Blanc, Sémillon Muscat, Sémillon Roux, Sercial, Wyndruif | ||||||
| Sémillon Rosé[267][268] | White | A colour mutation of Sémillon | Adelaide Hills | Red Sémillon | ||||||
| Shalistin[269] | White | A mutation or subsequent selection of Cabernet Sauvignon | Langhorne Creek | |||||||
| Siegerrebe[270] | White | Madeleine Angevine x Gewürztraminer/Savagnin Roseref>Robinson, et al, "Riesling." Wine Grapes, pp. 2446–2461.</ref (Red Traminer) | Huon/Channel | |||||||
| Sylvaner[271] | White | Savagnin Blanc (Traminer) x Österreichisch-Weiß | Barossa Valley, Granite Belt,[33] Mudgee, Riverland, Southen New South Wales Zone, Tasmania Southern, Yarra Valley | Over 100 synonyms including Augustiner Weiß, Balint, Bötzinger, Cynifadl Zeleny, Cynifal, Cynifal Zeleny, Feuille Ronde, Fliegentrau, Franken, Frankenriesling, Frankentrau, Gamay Blanc, Gros Plant du Rhin, Gros Rhin, Gros Riesling, Grünedel, Grüner Silvaner, Grüner Zierfandler, Johannisberg, Österreicher, Österreichisch, Pepitraube, Picardon Blanc, Roter Silvaner, Salfin, Salfin Belyi, Salfine Bely, Silvain Vert, Schönfeilner, Silvanac Zeleni, Silvanai Zeleni, Silvaner, Sonoma Riesling, Sylvaner Verde, Sylvánské Zelené, Zierfandler, Zöld Szilváni | ||||||
| Taminga[272] | White | (Planta Fina de Pedralba (Damaschino)[273] x Sultana) = Merbein[274] 29-56 x Gewürztraminer (Red Traminer) | Big Rivers, Blackwood Valley, Murray Darling, Perth Hills | |||||||
| Tokay (See Muscadelle) | - | Torrontés Riojana[275] | White | Pyrenees, Western Plains | Criolla Chica (Listán Prieto) x Muscat of Alexandria | Malvasia, Torrontél, Torrontél Riojano, Torrontés | ||||
| Traminer[276][277][278] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Canberra, Gippsland, Hunter Valley, Margaret River, Murray Darling, New England, Pyrenees, Riverina, Riverland, Swan Hill | Around 200 synonyms including Adelfranke, Beaunié, Brynšt, Drumin, Edeltraube, Formentin, Fourmentans, Franconian, Frennschen, Frentschen, Fromenteau, Gelber Traminer, Gentil Blanc, Heida, Klevner, Malvoisie, Naturé, Naturel, Nogle White, Païen, Prync, Rotfrensch, Sauvagnin, Savagnin Blanc, Savagnin Jaune, Savagnin Vert, Tramín Bíly, Traminac, Traminec, Viclair, Weißer Traminer, Weißfrennschen, White Noble | ||||||
| Trebbiano Toscano[279] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Plains, Barossa Valley, Beechworth, Central Western Australian, Eden Valley, Geelong, Glenrowan, Heathcote, Hilltops, King Valley, Mclaren Vale, Margaret River, Mudgee, Murray Darling, North East Victoria, Orange, Peel, Perth Hills, Queensland Zone,[60] Riverina, Rutherglen, South Coast, Swan District, Swan Valley | About 120 synonyms including Alfrocheiro Branco, Armenian, Balsamina Bianca, Bianca di Poviglio, Blanc de Cadillac, Botticino Bianca, Branquinha, Brocanico, Buzzetto, Clairette à Grains Ronds, Clairette de Afrique, Clairette de Vence, Clairette Ronde, Douradina Branco, Douradinha, Douradinha dos Vinhos Verdes, Douradinho, Espadeiro Branco, Gredelin, Morbidella, Morterille Blanche, Muscadet Aigre, Padeiro Branco, Procanico, Regrat, Rogoznička, Rossola Brandcina, Rossola Brandisca, Roussan, St Emilion, Saint-Émilion, Saint-Émilion des Charentes, Senese, Šijaka, Sinese, Tália, Thalia, Trebbiano di Cesena, Trebbiano di Empoli, Trebbiano di Lucca, Trebbiano di Toscana, Trebbiano Fiorentino, Ugni Blanc, Uni Belyi, Uva Bianca, White Hermitage, White Shiraz | ||||||
| Verdejo[280] | White | Possibly Savagnin Blanc (Traminer) x Castellana Blanca | Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, Geographe, Murray Darling, Perth Hills, Riverland, | Albillo de Nava, Boto de Gall, Botón de Gallo Blanco, Cepa de Madrigal, Verdeja, Verdejo Blanco | ||||||
| Verdelho[281][282] | White | Unknown | Central WA, Cowra, Geographe, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Hilltops, Hunter Valley, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale, Manjimup, Murray Darling, Peel, Pemberton, Perricoota, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, South Burnett,[34] Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley, Western Plains, Yarra Valley | Verdelho Branco, Verdelho Branco dos Açores, Verdelho da Madeira, Verdelho dos Açores, Verdelho Pico, Verdello no Peluda Finca Natero | ||||||
| Verduzzo Friulano[283][284] | White | Unknown | Alpine Valleys, Hunter Valley, King Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Orange, Yarra Valley | Verduzzo Friulano: Ramandolo, Ramandolo Dorato, Verdùç, Verdùz, Verdùzz, Verduzzo di Ramandolo, Verduzzo Giallo, Verduzzo Verde; Verduzzo Trevigiano: Verduc, Verduz, Verduzzo di Motta, Verduzzo Verde. | ||||||
| Vermentino[285][286] | White | Unknown | Barossa Valley, Central WA, Denmark, Geographe, McLaren Vale, Murray Darling, Padthaway, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, South Burnett,[34] Swan District, Swan Hill, Swan Valley | Carica l'Asino, Favorita, Favorita Bianca, Favorita Bianca di Conegliano, Favorita d'Alba, Favoritia di Alba, Favorita di Conegliano, Formentino, Garbesso, Garbessu, Malvasia, Malvasia à Bonifacio, Malvasia Bonifacio, Malvasia de Corse, Malvasia Grossa, Malvasie, Malvoisie à Gros Grains, Malvoisie Corse, Malvoisie de Corse, Malvoisie du Douro, Pigato, Rolle, Rollé, Sapaiola, Varlentin, Verlantin, Verlentin, Vermentini, Vermentino Bianco, Vermentino di Gallura, Vermentino Pigato, Vermentinu | ||||||
| Viognier[287][288] | White | Unknown | Adelaide Hills, Albany, Beechworth, Barossa Valley, Blackwood Valley, Canberra, Coonawarra, Cowra, Eden Valley, Frankland River, Geelong, Gold Coast Hinterland,[46] Granite Belt,[33] Heathcote, Kangaroo Island, Margaret River, Murray Darling, Orange, Pemberton, Perth Hills, Riverina, Riverland, Shoalhaven Coast, South Burnett,[34] Southern Fleurieu, Swan District, Swan Hill, Yarra Valley | Galopine, Petit Viognier, Viogné, Viogner, Viognier Bijeli, Viognier Blanc, Viognier Jaune, Viognier Vert, Vionjer, Vionnier |
References
- Jones, Gregory. "Climate, Grapes, and Wine: Terroir and the Importance of Climate to Winegrape Production." GuildSomm, 12 August 2015. Accessed 20 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "Australian wine sector’s contribution to the Australian economy grows to $45.5 billion." Market Bulletin, Issue 178, Wine Australia, 2019. Accessed 18 March 2020.
- This was summarised in a 1995 report to the Australian government which said:
"Some cater exclusively for grapegrowers or wineries (eg harvesting contractors, bottling companies and fermentation equipment suppliers), but many also supply other industries in the region (although the wine industry may be their major customer). Included in this latter category are: transport companies; metal fabricators (eg manufacturers of stainless steel tanks); manufacturers of viticultural machinery; label manufacturers; suppliers of fertilisers and chemicals; consultants specialising in viticulture services; accounting and legal firms; and suppliers of packaging materials." (Winegrape and Wine Industry in Australia: A Report by the Committee of Inquiry into the Winegrape and Wine Industry, June 1995. pp. 72-73. Accessed 7 April 2020.)
- Karlsson, Britt. "Australia’s most popular grape varieties." Edited by Britt and Per Karlsson. BKWine, 23 September 2018. Accessed 20 March 2020.
- For a detailed exploration of Australia's rare varieties, see Higgs, Darby. "Alternative Wine Grape Varieties in Australia." Vinodiversity. Accessed 5 March 2020.
- In Robinson's essay on the worldwide use of this variety, she says, "And then there is the remarkable Sorrenberg of Beechworth in north-east Victoria, Australia which make one of the most exciting Gamays I have ever tasted." (See Robinson, Jancis. "Gamay." Grape Varieties. Accessed 3 April 2020.
- Quirk, Chris. "Growing Areas." The Great Australian Wine Book. Edited by Robert Mayne. Reed Books, 1983. p. 496. ISBN 0-7301-0101-0. Considering the age of this book and the fact that Australia's volume of output has greatly increased since then, it could be safely estimated that the volume transported by road would now be significantly more than half a million litres.
- Robinson, "Australia." Wine regions. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Wine Australia Act 2013. Federal Register of Legislation, No 161, 1980, Australian Government. Accessed 20 March 2020.
- Wine Australia Regulations 2018. Australian Government. Accessed 20 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "About Wine Australia." Accessed 21 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "Labelling." Accessed 20 March 2020.
- Legislation Act 2003. Federal Register of Legislation, No 139, 2003, Australian Government. Accessed 3 April 2020.
- National Measurement Act 1960. Federal Register of Legislation, No 64, 1960, Australian Government.
- Competition and Consumer Act 2010. Federal Register of Legislation, No 51, 2010, Australian Government. Accessed 3 April 2010.
- Australian Grape and Wine Authority. Compliance Guide for Australian Wine Producers. Australian Wine and Grape Authority, 2016. Online through Wine Australia. Accessed 4 April 2020.
- Wine Australia." Geographical Indications Committee." Accessed 20 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "Wine Zones of Australia." Accessed 20 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "Wine regions of Australia." 2017. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Defined as "a word or expression used in the description and presentation of a wine to indicate the country, region or locality in which it originated or to suggest that a particular quality, reputation or characteristic of the wine is attributable to the wine having originated in the country, region or locality indicated by the word or expression." (Wine Australia. "The Blending Rules." Accessed 22 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "Geographical indications." Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. "Geographical Indications Guidelines: A Guide to Labelling with Geographical Indications." Accessed 22 March 2020.
- Vouillamoz, José. "Aglianico." Robinson, Jancis, Julia Harding and José Vouillamoz. Wine Grapes: A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours. HarperCollins, 2013. pp. 173-178. ISBN 0-14-196882-6. Access available online at Apple Books. ISBN 0-06-232551-5. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Aleatico." Wine Grapes, pp. 215-217.
- Darling Downs Vineyards. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Alicante Henri Bouschet." Wine Grapes, pp. 223-227.
- Robinson, et al, "Alvarelhão." Wine Grapes, pp. 237-239.
- Robinson, et al, "Ancelotta." Wine Grapes, pp. 247-248.
- Robinson, et al, "Baco Noir." Wine Grapes, pp. 336-338.
- Robinson, Jancis, Julia Harding and José Vouillamoz. "Baco Noir." Wine Grapes: A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours. HarperCollins, 2013. pp. 415-417. ISBN 0-14-196882-6.
- Robinson, et al, "Barbera." Wine Grapes, pp. 348-354.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Barbera." Accessed 8 March 2020
- Granite Belt Vineyards. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- South Burnett Vineyards. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Bianco d'Alessano." Wine Grapes, pp. 390-391.
- Robinson, et al, "Blaufränkish." Wine Grapes, pp. 419-423.
- Robinson, et al, "Parraletta." Wine Grapes, pp. 1945-1949.
- Robinson, Vines, Grapes & Wines, p. 230.
- Tischelmayer, "Bonvedro."
- Robinson, et al, "Brachetto del Piemonte." Wine Grapes, pp. 459-460.
- Robinson, et al, "Cabernet Franc." Wine Grapes, pp. 510-522.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Cabernet Franc."
- The variety is referred to by Higgs as Cabernet Sanzey (see Higgs, Darby. "Cabernet Sanzey". Alternative Wine Grape Varieties in Australia. Accessed 10 March 2020.) The reference is actually to Cabernet Franc grown by Antoine Sanzay (correct spelling)( Accessed 21 April 2020.) in his vineyard in the region of Saumur-Champigny, Loire Valley, France.
- Robinson, et al, "Cabernet Sauvignon." Wine Grapes, pp. 527-548.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Cabernet Sauvignon."
- Gold Coast Hinterland Vineyards. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Canaiolo Nero." Wine Grapes, pp. 579-581.
- The origin and trial test performance of the Shiraz clone 'Caracosa' are given in the document, Whiting, John. Selection of Grapevine Rootstocks and Clones for Greater Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, 2003. pp. 23, 35. Available online at . Accessed 13 March 2020. ISBN 978-1-74106-556-5
- This is supported by Rutherglen viticulturist Matt Partridge as conveyed by Higgs, "Caracosa".
- Robinson, et al, "Carmenère." Wine Grapes, pp. 594-600.
- Tischelmayer, "Mourál."
- Robinson, et al, "Carnelian." Wine Grapes, pp. 603-605.
- Tischelmayer, "Carnelian."
- This grape was created by Harold Olmo (1909-2006), former Professor of Viticulture at the University of California, in 1949 (although the Wikipedia page says 1972, and Robinson says 1946 (see Robinson et al., "Carnelian." Wine Grapes, p. 603. ).
- Maul, Erika, et al. "OLMO F 2- 7." Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC). Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding - Geilweilerhof. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Chambourcin." Wine Grapes, pp. 660-662.
- Tischelmayer, "Albert Seibel (1844-1936)."
- Tischelmayer, "Subereux."
- Tischelmayer, "Seyve Villard."
- Queensland Wine. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Cienna." Wine Grapes, pp. 723-725.
- Robinson, et al, "Cinsaut." Wine Grapes, pp. 728-733.
- Robinson, et al, "Colorino de Valdarno." Wine Grapes, pp. 762-764.
- Robinson, et al, "Cornifesto." Wine Grapes, pp. 779-781.
- Robinson, et al, "Corvina Veronese." Wine Grapes, pp. 786-788.
- It is worth noting that Corvina Veronese is also used as a synonym for Corvinione (Corvina Grossa). There is no relationship between the two varieties. (See Tischelmayer, "Corvinone."
- Robinson, et al, "Counoise." Wine Grapes, pp. 798-801.
- Robinson, et al, "Dolcetto." Wine Grapes, pp. 858-862.
- Robinson, et al, "Dornfelder." Wine Grapes, pp. 872-874.
- Robinson, et al, "Durif." Wine Grapes, pp. 894-897.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Durif'."
- Robinson, et al, "Fer." Wine Grapes, pp. 956-959.
- Robinson, et al, "Fer." Wine Grapes, pp. 1010-1012.
- Robinson, et al, "Gamay Noir." Wine Grapes, pp. 1049-1056.
- Robinson, et al, "Garnacha Tinta." Wine Grapes, pp. 1081-1089.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Grenache."
- Robinson, et al, "Jacquez." Wine Grapes, pp. 1260-1271.
- Robinson, et al, "Lagrein." Wine Grapes, pp. 1379-1382.
- Tischelmayer, "Schiava Gentile."
- Robinson, et al, "Lambrusco Maestri." Wine Grapes, pp. 1397-1399.
- Tischelmayer, "Lambrusco Maestri."
- Tischelmayer, "Lambrusco Salamino."
- Robinson, et al, "Cot." Wine Grapes, pp. 790-797.
- Wine Australia, "Variety snapshot 2019 - Malbec."
- Tischelmayer, "Malian."
- Robinson, et al, "Mammolo." Wine Grapes, pp. 1524-1527.
- Tischelmayer, "Boggione Rosso."
- Tischelmayer, "Uva delle Vecchie."
- Robinson, et al, "Marzemino." Wine Grapes, pp. 1564-1567.
- Robinson, et al, "Mazuelo." Wine Grapes, pp. 1589-1596.
- Robinson has noted that vines once brought into Australia and labelled as Carignan were identified by DNA profiling in 1976 as being Bonvedro (see above). (See Robinson, Vines, Grapes & Wines, p. 230.) This raises a question about which variety the regions listed here are growing?)
- Robinson, et al, "Mencía." Wine Grapes, pp. 1610-1612.
- Tischelmayer, "Patorra."
- Robinson, et al, "Merlot." Wine Grapes, pp. 1620-1632.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Merlot."
- Robinson, et al, "Mondeuse Noire." Wine Grapes, pp. 1671-1675.
- Robinson, et al, "Montepulciano." Wine Grapes, pp. 1681-1683.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Montepulciano."
- Robinson, et al, "Monastrell." Wine Grapes, pp. 1662-1667.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Mourvedre (Mataro)."
- Robinson, et al, "Muscardin." Wine Grapes, pp. 1736-1737.
- Tischelmayer, "Muscat Rouge."
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Muscat a Petits Grains Rouge."
- This sub-regions website lists the grape as "Muscat a Petits Grains Rosa" (see Geographe Wine Region. "Oakway Estate Wines." Accessed 6 April 2020.], by which the reference is probably to Muscat à Petits Grains Rose. Tischelmayer refers this across to Muscat Blanc where he points out that there are many different Muscatels, and several mutations of this variety, "yellow, gray, green, pink, red, brown, violet, blue and black." (See Tischelmayer, "Muscat Blanc." Therefore, the relationship between this Muscat à Petits Grains Rose and Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains listed here is unclear.
- Robinson, et al, "Nebbiolo." Wine Grapes, pp. 1789-1798.
- Robinson, et al, "Negroamaro." Wine Grapes, pp. 1817-1819.
- Robinson, et al, "Nero d'Avola." Wine Grapes, pp. 1839-1842.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Nero d'Avola."
- Mouer, Dan. "Norton Grapes: An American Original." WineMaker, 2006. Available online Accessed 26 April 2020.
- .Robinson, et al, "Norton." Wine Grapes, pp. 1868-1870.
- Tischelmayer, "Norton."
- Robinson, et al, "Nero di Troia." Wine Grapes, pp. 1842-1844.
- Robinson, et al, "Pavana." Wine Grapes, pp. 1955-1956.
- Tischelmayer, "Pavana."
- Robinson, et al, "Petit Verdot." Wine Grapes, pp. 1994-1999.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Petit Verdot."
- Robinson, et al, "Pinot Meunier." Wine Grapes, pp. 2058-2061.
- Robinson, et al, "Pinot Noir." Wine Grapes, pp. 2038-2057.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Pinot Noir."
- Robinson, et al, "Pinotage." Wine Grapes, pp. 2082-2085.
- Robinson, et al, "Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosse." Wine Grapes, pp. 2205-2208.
- Robinson, et al, "Rondinella." Wine Grapes, pp. 2272-2274.
- Tischelmayer, "Rubienne."
- Robinson, et al, "Ruby Cabernet." Wine Grapes, pp. 2322-2324.
- Wine Australia."Variety snapshot 2019 - Ruby Cabernet."
- Robinson, et al, "Sagrantino." Wine Grapes, pp. 2348-2350.
- Robinson, et al, "Sankt Laurent." Wine Grapes, pp. 2369-2373.
- Robinson, et al, "Saint-Macaire." Wine Grapes, pp. 2350-2352.
- Tischelmayer, "Saint-Macaire."
- Robinson, et al, "Sangiovese." Wine Grapes, pp. 2358-2369.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Sangiovese."
- Tischelmayer, "Foglia Tonda."
- Wine Searcher. "Foglia Tonda."
- Tischelmayer, "Sangiovese."
- Robinson, et al, "Saperavi." Wine Grapes, pp. 2376-2379.
- Robinson, et al, "Schioppettino." Wine Grapes, pp. 2440-2443.
- Robinson, et al, "Shavkapito." Wine Grapes, pp. 2481-2482.
- Robinson, et al, "Syrah." Wine Grapes, pp. 2549-2566.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Shiraz."
- In Australia, the tendency has been to regard Shiraz and Syrah as two names for the same variety and to use Shiraz. Halliday discusses the variety under the title, Shiraz |Syrah (see Halliday, Grape Varietals, p. 203.). More recently, there has been a tendency for winemakers to use one name or the other on their labels, depending on the style in which the wine has been made. McWilliams have provided a useful explanation for this(see McWilliam's Wines. What is the difference between Shiraz and Syrah. 2017. Accessed 27 March 2020.).
- Robinson, et al, "Vinhão." Wine Grapes, pp. 2829-2832.
- Robinson, et al, "Tannat." Wine Grapes, pp. 2585-2588.
- Robinson, et al, "Tarrango." Wine Grapes, pp. 2588-2589.
- Robinson, et al, "Tempranillo." Wine Grapes, pp. 2599-2607.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Tempranillo."
- Robinson, et al, "Teroldego." Wine Grapes, pp. 2612-2615.
- Robinson, et al, "Tinto Cão." Wine Grapes, pp. 2642-2645.
- Robinson, et al, "Touriga Nacional." Wine Grapes, pp. 2663-2667.
- Searches on Wikipaedia under the variety names Primitivo and Tribidrag direct to Zinfandel where it is pointed out in the first paragraph that DNA analysis has now identified these three varieties along with Crljenak Kaštelanski as being identical. Robinson et al say in Wine Grapes, "Tribidrag is the oldest name for this variety", and therefore "According to the rule of anteriority, whereby the oldest name takes precedence, Tribidrag is adopted here as the prime name for this variety.” While there has been international an attempt to stanardise this name officially, there has been no agreement because US winemakers prefer to retain Zinfandel and those in Italy prefer Primitivo. (See Robinson, et al, "Tribidrag." Wine Grapes, pp. 2697-2708.) In Australia, wines made with this grape are being sold as Zinfandel.
- Robinson, et al, "Trincadeira." Wine Grapes, pp. 2711-2713.
- Robinson, et al, "Schiava Grossa." Wine Grapes, pp. 2433-2436.
- Robinson, et al, "Trousseau." Wine Grapes, pp. 2718-2723.
- As well its use as a synonym for Trousseau Noir, there is also a variety of this name. (See Tischelmayer, "Gros Cabernet.")
- Robinson, et al, "Tyrian." Wine Grapes, pp. 2732-2734.
- Tischelmayer, "Tyrian."
- Robinson, et al, "Vespolina." Wine Grapes, pp. 2814-2815.
- Robinson, et al, "Teroldego." Wine Grapes, pp. 2904-2906.
- Robinson, et al, "Alvarinho." Wine Grapes, pp. 254-259.
- In reading this entry, it is worth taking into account that in 2009, after DNA profiling, it was found that vines planted in Australia as Albariño were actually Savagnin. (See Stelzer, Tyson. "Grape Identity Crisis in Australia." Wine Spectator, 14 April 2009. Accessed 7 April 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Aligoté." Wine Grapes, pp. 240-244.
- Robinson, et al, "Aranel." Wine Grapes, pp. 276-277.
- Tischelmayer, "Aranel."
- Halliday incorrectly lists this variety as a red grape (see Halliday, Varietal Wines, pp. 264-265.)
- Robinson, et al, "Arinto de Bucelas." Wine Grapes, pp. 288-292.
- Robinson, et al, "Arneis." Wine Grapes, pp. 293-295.
- Robinson, et al, "Assyrtiko." Wine Grapes, pp. 312-314.
- Robinson, et al, "Auxerrois." Wine Grapes, pp. 328-331.
- Robinson, et al, "Baroque." Wine Grapes, pp. 389-391.
- Robinson, et al, "Bianco d'Alessano." Wine Grapes, pp. 420-421.
- Robinson, et al, "Biancone di Portoferraio." Wine Grapes, pp. 424-425.
- Robinson, et al, "Bourboulenc." Wine Grapes, pp. 484-487.
- Robinson, et al, "Canada Muscat." Wine Grapes, pp. 625-626.
- Tischelmayer, "Muscat d'Hamburg."
- Tischelmayer, "Brighton."
- Tischelmayer, "Campbell Early."
- Robinson, et al, "Cayetana Blanca." Wine Grapes, pp. 691-697.
- Robinson, et al, "Chardonnay." Wine Grapes, pp. 722-741.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Chardonnay."
- Robinson, et al, "Chasselas." Wine Grapes, pp. 746-755.
- Kerridge and Antcliff reported that there were about 100 ha of Chasselas in Australia with half of then in Victoria and the remainder in New South Wales and Western Australia. The only specific location they mention is Merbein in the Murray Darling Region. (See Kerridge, George, and Allan James Antcliff. "Chasselas." Wine Grape Varieties. Revised edition. CSIRO, 1999. p. 37. ISBN 0-643-10152-7.) By contrast, having referred to Kerridge and Antcliff, Halliday adds in the same sentence that "the Grampians was home to most." (See Halliday, Varietal Wines, p. 114.) This appears to be a misreading by Halliday of the original source. Accurately, however, he concludes by saying that "It [ie Chasselas] now has a more ephemeral presence."
- Robinson, et al, "Chenin Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 765-775.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Chenin Blanc."
- Robinson, et al, "Clairette." Wine Grapes, pp. 802-807.
- Robinson, et al, "Colombard." Wine Grapes, pp. 823-827.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Colombard."
- Robinson, et al, "Cortese." Wine Grapes, pp. 852-854.
- Robinson, et al, "Crouchen." Wine Grapes, pp. 884-888.
- Robinson, et al, "Cygne Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 896-897.
- Tischelmayer. "Cygne Blanc".)
- Tischelmayer, "selfing."
- Tischelmayer, "Doradillo."
- Robinson, et al, "Ehrenfelser." Wine Grapes, pp. 990-992.
- Robinson, et al, "Fiano." Wine Grapes, pp. 1059-1062.
- Honan, Daniel. "Fiano." Wine Companion.
- Robinson, et al, "Flora." Wine Grapes, pp. 1065-1066.
- Robinson, et al, "Furmint." Wine Grapes, pp. 1116-1123.
- Tischelmayer, "Alba Imputotato."
- Robinson, et al, "Garganega." Wine Grapes, pp. 1166-1171.
- Robinson, et al, "Gewürztraminer." Wine Grapes, pp. 2656-2664.
- Under the heading "Gewurtztraminer | Traminer", Halliday treats both as being the same variety (see Halliday, Varietal Wines, pp. 91-93), whereas Tischelmayer has separate entries because, while they are related varieties, Gewurtztraminer having derived from Traminer, it is appropriate to discuss each under its own name. (See "Gewutztraminer" and "Traminer." Robinson refers without debate from Gewürtztraminer as a separate listing to the same title as a sub-topic under Savagnin. (See Robinson, et al, "Gewürtztraminer." Wine Grapes, pp. 1206-1207.)
- Robinson, et al, "Gouais Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 1232-1241.
- Not to be confused with the variety called Greco (with which it is not related) as well as several other varieties whose synonyms are Greco. (See Robinson, et al, "Greco." Wine Grapes, pp. 1274-1277.
- Robinson, et al, "Greco Bianco." Wine Grapes, pp. 1277-2664.
- Robinson, et al, "Garnacha Roja (Gris)." Wine Grapes, pp. 1191-1193.
- Although this variety is defined as a white grape (see Tischelmayer. "Grenache Gris".), in Australia it is being used to produce red and pink blends. (See Higgs, "Grenache Gris".)
- Tischelmayer, "Garnacha Tinta."
- Robinson, et al, "Grillo." Wine Grapes, pp. 1286-1288.
- Robinson, et al, "Grüner Veltliner." Wine Grapes, pp. 1312-1317.
- Tischelmayer, "Green Valtellina."
- Robinson, et al, "Hárslevelű." Wine Grapes, pp. 1326-1329.
- Robinson, et al, "Inzolia." Wine Grapes, pp. 1367-1371.
- Robinson, et al, "Kerner." Wine Grapes, pp. 1444-1446.
- Robinson, et al, "Macabeo." Wine Grapes, pp. 1595-1599.
- Not to be confused with Madeleine Angevine Oberlin (see Tischelmeyer, "Madeleine Angevine Oberlin.") or Madeleine x Angevine 7672 (see Robinson, et al, "Madeleine x Angevine 7672." Wine Grapes, pp. 1603-1604.
- Robinson, et al, "Madeleine Angevine." Wine Grapes, pp. 1601-1603.
- Tischelmayer, "Blanc d'Ambre."
- Robinson, et al, "Malvazija Istarska." Wine Grapes, pp. 1661-1664.
- Robinson, et al, "Marsanne." Wine Grapes, pp. 1697-1701.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Marsanne."
- Robinson, et al, "Melon." Wine Grapes, pp. 1757-1761.
- Note the difference between Muscadet as a synonym for Melon de Bourgogne and as a distinct variety along with its sub-appellations. (see Tischelmayer, "Muscadet."
- Robinson, et al, "Mondeuse Blanche." Wine Grapes, pp. 1669-1671.
- Robinson, et al, "Monbadon." Wine Grapes, pp. 1826-1827.
- Robinson, et al, "Montils." Wine Grapes, pp. 1843-1844.
- Tischelmayer, "Montils."
- Robinson, et al, "Moscato Giallo." Wine Grapes, pp. 1873-1875.
- Tischelmayaer says that Goldmuskateller is this variety's main name and Moscato Giallo is its second main name (see Tischelmayer, "Goldmuskateller."
- Robinson, et al, "Müller-Thurgau." Wine Grapes, pp. 1893-1898.
- This variety was created by Dr Hermann Müller (1850-1927), a Swiss botanist, plant physiologist, oenologist and grape breeder.
- Robinson, et al, "Muscadelle." Wine Grapes, pp. 1898-1901.
- Robinson, et al, "Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains." Wine Grapes, pp. 1901-1923.
- Robinson, et al, "Muscat Fleur d'Oranger." Wine Grapes, pp. 1925-1928.
- Robinson, et al, "Nosiola." Wine Grapes, pp. 2051-2055.
- Robinson, et al, "Ondenc." Wine Grapes, pp. 2076-2078.
- Robinson, et al, "Palamino Fino." Wine Grapes, pp. 2118-2123.
- Halliday qualifies his entry under "Palomino" by saying, "Palomino Fino (to give the grape its full name…" (Halliday, Varietal Wines, p. 140.) Under "Palamino" Tischelmayer mentions both Palomino and Palomino Fino, but points out that they are "sports" (meaning in viticulture "bud sports" (see Glossary of viticulture terms and that "they are in accordance with DNA analysis genetically identical." (Tischelmayer, "Palomino."
- Robinson, et al, "Paralleda." Wine Grapes, pp. 2131-2133.
- Not to be confused with Pedro Giménez, an Argentine white wine. (See Robinson, et al, "Pedro Giménez." Wine Grapes, pp. 2150-2151.
- Robinson, et al, "Petit Manseng." Wine Grapes, pp. 2178-2182.
- Robinson, et al, "Picolit." Wine Grapes, pp. 2207-2211.
- Tischelmayer, "Picolit."
- Robinson, et al, "Pignoletto." Wine Grapes, pp. 2218-2221.
- Tischelmayer, "Pignoletto (grape variety)."
- Robinson, et al, "Pinot Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 2274-2280.
- Although Tieschelmayer describes this variety as "a colour mutation of Pinot gris (or vice versa) from which Pinot Noir has mutated" (see Tischelmayer, "Pinot Blanc."), Robinson's view is as follows:
“Until recently, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir Précoce and Pinot Teinturier, to cite the most common mutations, were considered to be distinct varieties belonging to a so-called ‘Pinot family’. However, black, grey and white berries can sometimes be observed on the same Pinot vine, or even individual striped berries, and DNA profiling has now revealed that all the Pinot types mentioned above have the same genetic fingerprint when analysed at the standard set of eight DNA markers (Regner et al. 2000b). As a consequence, it is misleading to talk about a ‘Pinot family’ because all these forms are mutations that appeared within a single initial variety, Pinot.” (See Robinson, et al, "Pinot." Wine Grapes, p. 2228.)
- Robinson, et al, "Pinot Gris." Wine Grapes, pp. 2263-2274.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Pinot Gris/Grigio."
- Robinson, et al, "Piquepoul Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 2295-2297.
- Tischelmayer, "Piquepoul Blanc."
- Tischelmayer,"Piquepoul Noir."
- Robinson, et al, "Prosecco." Wine Grapes, pp. 2357-2362.
- Tischelmayer points out, "The previously used Prosecco grape variety name is now protected by EU law only as a designation of origin and no longer as a cultivar name. The Prosecco grape variety (Prosecco Tondo) is now called Glera, and the Prosecco Lungo grape is now called Glera Lunga." (see Tischelmayer, "Prosecco".)
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Prosecco." In 2013, the European Union tried to prevent Australia from using the word on its own products. Wine Australia opposed this, saying that Prosecco was the name of a variety rather than a region from which it originated. The matter has yet to be resolved and the debate will probably continue for some time. (See House, Alana. "Australia’s booming prosecco sales under threat." Drinks Trade, July 2019.
- Robinson, et al, "Ribolla Gialla." Wine Grapes, pp. 2440-2443.
- Robinson, et al, "Riesling." Wine Grapes, pp. 2446-2461.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Riesling."
- Robinson, et al, "Rousanne." Wine Grapes, pp. 2529-2534.
- Robinson, et al, "Sauvignon Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 2617-2634.
- Robinson, et al, "Sauvignon Gris." Wine Grapes, p. 2634.
- Tischelmayer refers this variety across to Traminer where he points out that Savagnin Blanc (as the French prefer to call it, or Weißer Traminer according to German usage), Gewütztraminer and Savagnin Rose have almost identical DNA profiles, but are otherwise different from each other in "berry color, aroma, leaf shape and grape size, as well as regarding vigor, yield and susceptibility to disease." Therefore, they are probably bud sports or mutations from the same variety (Gewütztraminer having evolved from Savagnin Rose, which in turn came from Savagnin Blanc, leaving the last as the oldest of the three and having arisen from a much more ancient parentage), the reason why they are often listed together as one variety under Traminer. (See Tischelmayer, "Traminer", "Gewürtztraminer" and "Savagnin Rose."
Robinson teases this out further in a chapter entitled "Savagnin" where she says:
“Today Savagnin shows a considerable level of clonal diversity, seen in berry colour, aroma, leaf shape, cluster size and so on. Several of these forms have often been mistakenly considered to be distinct varieties, eg Gewürztraminer in Alsace and Germany; Heida or Païen in Switzerland; Traminer or Traminer Weisser in Germany; Traminer Aromatico in Trentino-Alto Adige in Italy. Yet DNA profiling has shown that they all have the same genetic fingerprint, with the exception of some minor clonal genetic differences, and that they all correspond to the same variety (Regner et al. 2000a; Imazio et al. 2002). It is consequently misleading to talk about a ‘Savagnin family’ or a ‘Traminer family’ because this suggests family ties such as parent–offspring, uncle–nephew, cousins.
“For that reason, the most significant clonal mutations of this variety will be discussed as subsections within this Savagnin entry: the white-yellow-berried Savagnin Blanc, the pink-berried Savagnin Rose and the pink-berried, aromatic Gewürztraminer, in chronological order of appearance in the literature. Even though the historical references to Traminer are earlier than those to Savagnin, the latter is used here as the prime name because it is less misleading in terms of the variety’s origin.” (See Robinson et al. "Savagnin." Wine Grapes, pp. 2403-2404.)
Robinson's next chapter is entitled "Savagnin Blanc" where she makes the introductory remark, “Full-bodied, firm, ageworthy wines, sometimes called Traminer.” (See Robinson et al. "Savagnin." Wine Grapes, p. 2408.) Regardless of this well-based argument from Robinson, in this chart Savagnin Blanc and Traminer have been given separate entries as a reflection of the usage of both names in Australia. - Robinson, et al, "Savagnin Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 2645-2653.
- Mercer, Chris. "What is Savagnin? Ask Decanter." Decanter, 12 June 2019. Accessed 7 April 2020.
- Robinson, et al, "Schönburger." Wine Grapes, pp. 2684-2686.
- Tischelmayer, "Chasselas Rose"
- Robinson, et al, "Sémillon." Wine Grapes, pp. 2703-2712.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Semillon."
- Robinson, et al, "Sémillon Rosé." Wine Grapes, p. 2712.
- Tischelmayer, "Sémillon Rosé."
- Tischelmayer, "Shalistin."
- Robinson, et al, "Riesling." Wine Grapes, pp. 2738-2740.
- Robinson, et al, "Silvaner." Wine Grapes, pp. 1746-2748.
- Robinson, et al, "Taminga." Wine Grapes, pp. 2836-2838.
- Tischelmayer, "Planta Fina de Pedralba."
- Tischelmayer, "Merbein."
- Robinson, et al, "Torrontes Riojano." Wine Grapes, pp. 2915-2918
- Robinson, et al, "Savagnin Blanc." Wine Grapes, pp. 2845-2653.
- Under the heading "Gewurtztraminer | Traminer", Halliday treats both as being the same variety (see Halliday, Varietal Wines, pp. 91-93), whereas Tischelmayer has separate entries because, while they are related varieties, Gewurtztraminer having derived from Traminer, it is appropriate to discuss each under its own name. (See "Gewutztraminer" and "Traminer." Robinson refers without debate from Gewürtztraminer as a separate listing to the same title as a sub-topic underSavagnin. (See Robinson, et al, "Gewürtztraminer." Wine Grapes, pp. 1206-1207.)
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Traminer/Gewurztraminer."
- Robinson, et al, "Trebbiano Toscano." Wine Grapes, pp. 2950-2956.
- Robinson, et al, "Verdejo." Wine Grapes, pp. 3044-3047.
- Robinson, et al, "Verdelho." Wine Grapes, pp. 3049-3053.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Verdelho."
- Robinson, et al, "Verduzzo Friulano." Wine Grapes, pp. 3066-3068.
- Higgs notes that Verduzzo has not gained much ground in Australia. (See Higgs, "Verduzzo White Wine Variety.)
- Robinson, et al, "Vermentino." Wine Grapes, pp. 3071-3077.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Vermentino."
- Robinson, et al, "Viognier." Wine Grapes, pp. 3113-3121.
- Wine Australia. "Variety snapshot 2019 - Viognier."
Supplemental references used for chart
- Halliday, James, et al. Halliday Wine Companion. Accessed 9 March 2020.
- _____. James Halliday's Wine Atlas of Australia. Hardie Grant, 2014. ISBN 1-74270-396-8.
- _____. Varietal Wines: A guide to 130 varieties grown in Australia and their place in the international wine landscape. Hardie Grant Books, 2015. ISBN 1-74270-860-9.
- Higgs, Darby. Vinodiversity. Accessed 5 March 2020.
- Maul, Erika, et al. Vitis International Variety Catalogue. (VIVC). Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding - Geilweilerhof. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Robinson, Jancis. Vines, Grapes & Wines: A wine drinker's guide to grape varieties. Mitchell Beazley, 1986. ISBN 1-85732-999-6.
- Robinson, Julia Harding et al. The Oxford Companion to Wine. 4th Edition. Edited by Jancis Robinson and Julia Harding. Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0-19-870538-3.
- Robinson, Harding and José Vouillamoz. Wine Grapes: A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours. HarperCollins, 2013. ISBN 0-14-196882-6. Access available online at Apple Books. ISBN 0-06-232551-5 Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Tischelmayer, Norbert, et al. "Glossary." Wein-Plus. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Wine Australia. Accessed 7 March 2020.
- Wine-Searcher. Grape Varieties.. Accessed 7 March 2020.
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