List of African animals extinct in the Holocene
The list of extinct animals in Africa features the animals that have become extinct on the African continent and its islands, like Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion, Seychelles, Saint Helena, Cape Verde, etc. Only extinctions of the Holocene Epoch are included.
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Map of Africa
Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.
Mammals
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Archaeoindris | Before 1500 | Madagascar |  |
| Archaeolemur | Before 1500 | Madagascar |  |
| Babakotia | Before 1500 | Madagascar |  |
| Atlas wild ass Equus africanus atlanticus |
300 |
North Africa | -- |
| Canary Islands giant rat Canariomys bravoi and Canariomys tamarani |
Before 1500 AD |
Spain (Canary Islands) |  |
| 'Damaliscus hypsodon | 10000 BC[1] | East Africa | |
| Giant aye-aye Daubentonia robusta |
1000 AD |
Madagascar | -- |
| Giant fossa Cryptoprocta spelea[2] |
before 1400 |
Madagascar |  |
| Hadropithecus | Before 1500 | Madagascar |  |
| Hipposideros besaoka The largest insectivorous bat of Madagascar |
10,000 BC |
Madagascar | -- |
| Koala lemur Megaladapis sp. |
1420 AD |
Madagascar |  |
| Lava mouse Malpaisomys insularis |
Before 1500 |
Spain (Canary Islands) | -- |
| Bibymalagasy Plesiorycteropus sp. |
200 BC |
Madagascar | -- |
| Malagasy hippopotamus Hippopotamus sp.[3][4] |
1000 AD |
Madagascar |  |
| 'Megaceroides algericus
Deer with a bizarre wide, short, incredibly thick skull |
4000 BC | North Africa |  |
| Megalotragus sp. Very large bovids |
10,000 BC |
Africa |  |
| Mesopropithecus | Before 1500 | Madagascar |  |
| Microgale macpheei Type of shrew tenrec |
100 AD |
Madagascar | -- |
| North African elephant Loxodonta africana pharaoensis |
300 AD |
North Africa |  |
| Syncerus (formerly Pelorovis) antiquus Very large, African buffalo-like bovid |
2000 BC |
Africa |  |
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas bear Ursus arctos crowtheri |
1870s |
North Africa |  |
| Aurochs Bos primigenius[5] |
Unknown (Africa), 1627(Europe) |
North Africa |  |
| Bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus[6] |
1799 or 1800 |
South Africa |  |
| Bubal hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus[7] |
1925 |
North Africa |  |
| Cape lion Panthera leo melanochaitus |
1876 |
South Africa |  |
| Cape serval Leptailurus serval serval |
Unknown |
South Africa | -- |
| Cape warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus |
1871 |
South Africa | -- |
| Kenya oribi Ourebia ourebi kenyae[8] |
Unknown |
Kenya | -- |
| Large sloth lemur Palaeopropithecus sp.[9] |
1500s |
Madagascar |  |
| Lesser Mascarene flying fox Pteropus subniger[10] |
1864-1873 |
Mauritius and France (Reunion) |  |
| Quagga Equus quagga quagga[11] |
August 12, 1883 |
Namibia and South Africa |  |
| Red gazelle Eudorcas rufina[12] |
1894 |
Algeria | -- |
| Robert's lechwe Kobus leche robertsi[13] |
Unknown |
South Africa | -- |
| Western black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis longipes[14] |
1996 |
Cameroon |  |
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| De Winton's golden mole Cryptochloris wintoni[15] |
1907 |
South Africa | -- |
| Ethiopian amphibious rat Nilopegamys plumbeus[16] |
1927 |
Ethiopia | -- |
| Wimmer's shrew Crocidura wimmeri[17] |
1976 |
Côte d'Ivoire | -- |
Birds
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alaotra grebe Tachybaptus rufolavatus |
1985 |
Madagascar |  |
| Aldabra brush-warbler Nesillas aldabrana |
1983 |
Seychelles | -- |
| Ascension flightless crake Mundia elpenor |
1656? |
United Kingdom (Ascension) |  |
| Ascension night heron Nycticorax olsoni |
1600s |
United Kingdom (Ascension) | -- |
| Broad-billed parrot Lophopsittacus mauritianus |
1680 |
Mauritius |  |
| Canary Islands oystercatcher Haematopus meadewaldoi |
1940 |
Spain (Canary Islands) |  |
| Canary Islands quail Coturnix gomerae |
Unknown |
Spain (Canary Islands) | -- |
| Delalande's coua Coua delalandei |
1834 |
Madagascar |  |
| Dodo Raphus cucullatus |
1662 |
Mauritius |  |
| Eastern Canary Islands chiffchaff Phylloscopus canariensis exsul |
1986 |
Spain (Canary Islands) | -- |
| Elephant bird Aepyornis, Mullerornis sp. Vorombe titan |
1600s |
Madagascar |  |
| Lagrand's ground roller Brachypteracias lagrandi |
Unknown |
Madagascar | -- |
| Large Saint Helena petrel Pseudobulweria rupinarum |
early 16th century |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) | -- |
| Madeiran wood pigeon Columba palumbus maderensis |
1924 |
Portugal (Madeira) | -- |
| Mascarene coot Fulica newtoni |
c.1700 |
Mauritius and France (Reunion) |  |
| Mascarene grey parakeet Psittacula bensoni |
1764 |
Mauritius | -- |
| Mascarene parrot Mascarinus mascarinus |
1834 |
France (Reunion) |  |
| Mauritian duck Anas theodori |
1690s |
Mauritius and France (Reunion) | -- |
| Mauritian shelduck Alopochen mauritianus |
1690s |
Mauritius and France (Reunion) | -- |
| Mauritius blue pigeon Alectroenas nitidissimus |
1830s |
Mauritius |  |
| Mauritius grey parrot Psittacula bensoni |
1764 |
Mauritius and France (Reunion) | -- |
| Mauritius night-heron Nycticorax mauritianus |
Late 17th century |
Mauritius | -- |
| Mauritius owl Mascarenotus sauzieri |
1850 |
Mauritius |  |
| Mauritius starling Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus |
Holocene Epoch |
Mauritius | -- |
| Newton's parakeet Psittacula exsul |
c. 1875 |
Mauritius |  |
| Red rail Aphanapteryx bonasia |
1700s |
Mauritius |  |
| Réunion flightless ibis Threskiornis solitarius |
Early 18th century |
France (Réunion) |  |
| Réunion gallinule Porphyrio coerulescens |
1730 |
France (Réunion) |  |
| Réunion kestrel Falco duboisi |
1700s |
France (Reunion) | -- |
| Réunion night-heron Nycticorax duboisi |
1700s |
France (Reunion) | -- |
| Réunion owl Mascarenotus grucheti |
1700s |
France (Reunion) | -- |
| Réunion pigeon Nesoenas duboisi |
1705 |
France (Reunion) | -- |
| Réunion shelduck Mascarenachen kervazoi |
1690s |
France (Reunion) | -- |
| Réunion starling Fregilupus varius |
1850s |
France (Réunion) |  |
| Rodrigues night-heron Nycticorax megacephalus |
1750s |
Mauritius |  |
| Rodrigues owl Mascarenotus murivorus |
1750s |
Mauritius | -- |
| Rodrigues parrot Necropsittacus rodericanus |
1750s |
Mauritius |  |
| Rodrigues rail Erythromachus leguati |
1750s |
Mauritius |  |
| Rodrigues solitaire Pezophaps solitaria |
1778 |
Mauritius |  |
| Rodrigues starling Necropsar rodericanus |
1750s |
Mauritius |  |
| Saint Helena crake Porzana astrictocarpus |
Early 17th century |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) | -- |
| Saint Helena cuckoo Nannococcyx psix |
late 18th century |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) | -- |
| Saint Helena dove Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos |
After 1502 |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) | -- |
| Saint Helena hoopoe Upupa antaios |
Early 16th century |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) |  |
| Saint Helena rail Porzana astrictocarpus |
After 1502 |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) | -- |
| Seychelles parakeet Psittacula wardis |
1886 |
Seychelles |  |
| Small Saint Helena petrel Bulweria bifax |
After 1502 |
United Kingdom (Saint Helena) | -- |
| Tristan moorhen Gallinula nesiotis |
late 19th century |
United Kingdom (Tristan da Cunha) |  |
Reptiles
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voay robustus | 100 AD |
Madagascar |  |
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cape Verde giant skink Macroscincus coctei[18] |
1940 |
Cape Verde |  |
| Domed Mauritius giant tortoise Cylindraspis triserrata[19] |
Early 18th century |
Mauritius | -- |
| Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise Cylindraspis peltastes[20] |
1800s |
Mauritius |  |
| Eastwood's long-tailed seps Tetradactylus eastwoodae[21] |
1912 |
South Africa | -- |
| Hoffstetter's worm snake Typhlops cariei[22] |
Unknown |
Mauritius | -- |
| Mauritian giant skink Didosaurus maurtianus[23] |
1650 |
Mauritius | -- |
| Mozambique centipede-eater Aparallactus nigriceps |
Unknown |
Mozambique | -- |
| Réunion giant tortoise Cylindraspis indica[24] |
1840s |
France (Reunion) |  |
| Rodrigues day gecko Phelsuma edwardnewtoni |
1917 |
Mauritius |  |
| Rodrigues giant day gecko Phelsuma gigas[25] |
1842 |
Mauritius | -- |
| Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard Gallotia simonyi simonyi |
1930s |
Spain (Canary Islands) |  |
| Round Island burrowing boa Bolyeria multocarinata[26] |
1975 |
Mauritius | -- |
| Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise Cylindraspis inepta[27] |
Early 18th century |
Mauritius | -- |
| Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise Cylindraspis vosmaeri[28] |
1800s |
Mauritius |  |
Amphibians
| Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Du Toit's torrent frog Arthroleptides dutoiti |
1962 |
Kenya | -- |
| Osgood's Ethiopian toad Altiphrynoides osgoodi |
2003 |
Ethiopia | -- |
| Togo slippery frog Conraua derooi |
Unknown |
Ghana and Togo | -- |
Fish
- Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Naivasha'[29]
1970s, Kenya - Barbus microbarbis[30]
Unknown, Rwanda - Pantanodon madagascariensis[31]
Unknown, Madagascar - Ptychochromis onilahy[32]
1962, Madagascar - Salmo pallaryi[33]
1930s, Morocco
Insects
- Aplothorax burchelli
Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena) - Libythea cinyras[34]
Unknown, Mauritius - Mbashe River buff[35]
Deloneura immaculata, 1863, South Africa - Morant's blue[36]
Lepidochrysops hypopolia, 1879, South Africa - Saint Helena giant earwig[37]
Labidura herculeana, 1967, United Kingdom (Saint Helena) - Saint Helena darter[38]
Sympetrum dilatatum, 1964, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
Crustacean
- Afrocyclops pauliani[39]
1951, Madagascar - Namibcypris costata[40]
Unknown, Namibia - Tropodiaptomus ctenopus[41]
Unknown, Madagascar
Molluscs
- Caldwellia philyrina Unknown, Mauritius
- Campolaemus perexilis Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis blofeldi Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis exulatus Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis helena Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis melanoides Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis nonpareil Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis subplicatus Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis subtruncatus Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Chilonopsis turtoni Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Colparion madgei Unknown, Mauritius
- Ctenoglypta newtoni Unknown, Mauritius
- Cyclophorus horridulum Unknown, France (Mayotte)
- Cyclosurus mariei Unknown, France (Mayotte)
- Dupontia proletaria Unknown, France (Reunion) and Mauritius
- Erepta nevilli Unknown, Mauritius
- Gibbus lyonetianus Unknown, Mauritius
- Gonidomus newtoni Unknown, Mauritius
- Gonospira nevilli Unknown, Mauritius
- Gulella mayottensis Unknown, France (Mayotte)
- Harmogenanina linophora Unknown, France (Reunion) and Mauritius
- Harmogenanina subdetecta Unknown, France (Reunion)
- Helenoconcha leptalea Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Helenoconcha minutissima Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Helenoconcha polyodon Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Helenoconcha pseustes Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Helenoconcha sexdentata Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Helenodiscus bilamellata Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Helenodiscus vernoni Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Madeiran land snail 1878, Portugal (Madeira)
- Pachnodus velutinus 1994, Seychelles
- Pachystyla rufozonata Unknown, Mauritius
- Pseudocampylaea loweii 1878, Portugal (Madeira)
- Pseudohelenoconcha spurca Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Pupilla obliquicosta Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
- Rhachis comorensis Unknown, France (Mayotte)
- Rhachis sanguineus Unknown, Mauritius
- Tropidophora desmazuresi Unknown, Mauritius
- Tropidophora semilineata Unknown, France (Mayotte)
- Unio cariei Unknown, France (Reunion)
See also
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct animals of New Zealand
- List of extinct animals of Réunion
- List of extinct birds
- Extinct in the wild
- Lazarus taxon
References
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- Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Cryptoprocta spelea (Giant Fossa)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Boisserie, J.-R. (2008). "Hippopotamus lemerlei (Madagascan Dwarf Hippopotamus, Malagasy Hippo)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Hutterer, R. (1996). "Crocidura wimmeri (Wimmer's Shrew)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Macroscincus coctei (Cape Verde Giant Skink, Cocteau's Skink)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis triserrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6064A12390055. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6064A12390055.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis peltastes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6063A12388776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6063A12388776.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Tetradactylus eastwoodae (Eastwood's Longtailed Seps, Eastwood's Whip Lizard)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Typhlops cariei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T22607A9379456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22607A9379456.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Leiolopisma mauritiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T11410A3277412. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11410A3277412.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6061A12383518. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6061A12383518.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Phelsuma gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T16925A6598516. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T16925A6598516.en.
- Madagascar Reptile & Amphibian Specialist Group (1996). "Bolyeria multocarinata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T2864A9488737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T2864A9488737.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis inepta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6062A12385198. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6062A12385198.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis vosmaeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6065A12391587. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6065A12391587.en.
- Hanssens, M. (2004). "Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Naivasha'". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ntakimazi, G. (2006). "Barbus microbarbis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Loiselle, P.; Participants of the CBSG/ANGAP CAMP "Faune de Madagascar" workshop (2004). "Pantanodon madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Mantasoa, Madagascar, 2001. 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Loiselle, P. & Participants of the CBSG/ANGAP CAMP "Faune de Madagascar" workshop (2004). "Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Kotro'". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Mantasoa, Madagascar, 2001. 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Crivelli, A.J. (2006). "Salmo pallaryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T61190A12440688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61190A12440688.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Libythea cinyras". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T11934A3316737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11934A3316737.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Deloneura immaculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6331A12652621. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6331A12652621.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Lepidochrysops hypopolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T11537A3293608. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11537A3293608.en.
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Labidura herculeana (Saint Helena Earwig, St Helena Earwig)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Suhling, F. & Martens, A. (2011). "Sympetrum dilatatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T21226A9259879. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T21226A9259879.en.
- Reid, J.W. (1996). "Afrocyclops pauliani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T611A13066717. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T611A13066717.en.
- Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Namibcypris costata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 27, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Reid, J.W. (1996). "Tropodiaptomus ctenopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T22379A9371437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22379A9371437.en.
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External links
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