Ligula intestinalis

Ligula intestinalis is a tapeworm of fish, fish-eating birds and copepods, with species from each group featuring in its complex life cycle.[1] Ligula intestinalis is a parasite that changes its intermediate host's behavior to become more vulnerable to its predators.In this case, Ligula intestinalis uses copepods and cyprinid fish as their intermediate host and develops inside of them to get to its final destination which is fish-eating birds. [2]

Schistocephalus solidus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Class:
Cestoda)
Order:
Pseudophyllidea
Family:
Diphyllobothriidae
Genus:
Ligula
Species:
L. intestinalis
Binomial name
Ligula intestinalis

References
  1. Achim Trubiroha; Sabrina N. Frank; Sven Wuertz; Hana Kroupova; Bernd Sures; Werner Kloas. "Effects of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis on biomarkers of endocrine disruption (ED) in roach (Cyprinidae, Rutilus rutilus)" (PDF). Cefic Long-range Research Initiative.
  2. Gabagambi, N. P., A.-G. V. Salvanes, F. Midtøy, and A. Skorping. 2018. The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis alters the behavior of the fish intermediate host Engraulicypris sardella, but only after it has become infective to the final host. Behavioural Processes. Elsevier. 158:47-52
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