Liang Jingfeng

Liang Jingfeng (梁景峰; also Liang Ching-feng, Liang Chingfeng; born 1944 in Gaoshu Township, Pingtung County)[1] is a Taiwanese specialist on Taiwan nativist literature, especially native Taiwanese poetry since the 1920s.[2] He also studies German literature, especially Heinrich Heine.[3] He was a notable activist in the Tangwai movement that took to the streets in the mid-1970s in opposition to the KMT dictatorship and for democracy and the rights of workers, peasants and fishers. In the 1970s, he was very active in the Tangwai movement or Democracy Movement.[4] Liang was active in the folk music movement scene and is known in Taiwan for writing the lyrics of the song Meilidao (Beautiful Island美麗島), the anthem of the Tangwai movement that became almost the unofficial anthem of Taiwan.[5]

Education

Liang Jingfeng pursued advanced studies in German at Heidelberg University in Germany. In Germany, he translated poems by Bai Qiu (白萩 Pai Chiu, also Pai Ch'iu)[6] together with Karlhans Frank. The small volume of poems was published in 1974.[7] This translation marked Liang's commitment to poetry by Taiwan-born poets.[8]

In 2011, Liang noted on his blog's website that he had returned to Bai Qiu, translating more of his poems – this time together with the German scholar Wolf Baus.[9] Silvia Marijnissen mentions Liang's book Selected Historical Archives: New Taiwanese Literature Under Japanese Occupation. Part 4: Poetry.[10]

Career

Liang returned to Taiwan in 1976 and obtained a teaching position at the German Department of Tamkang University.[11] Liang focused on Heine.

He also focused on Taiwan's critical literature, especially poetry that had often been leftist and anti-colonialist during the period of Japanese colonial rule. He published "Who is Lai He?" (賴和是誰？) in the leftist democratic opposition magazine Xiachao 夏潮[12] under the pseudonym Liang Demin in 1976.[13]

His students read stories and novels by Xiangtu Wenxue authors such as Wang Tuoh,[14] Wang Tuoh Yang Qingchu (楊青矗)[15] and Chen Yinzhen. Chen had been imprisoned by the government for "subversive activity" between 1968 and 1973 and was again imprisoned in 1979, in the context of the crackdown unleashed after the Meilidao incident, also known as the Kaohsiung Incident.[16] In this, Liang paralleled the practice of other teachers at the Department of German and the English Department, most notably Wang Jinping (scholar and activist) (Wang Chinping 王津平). In 1977 or 1978, he was dismissed by the university because of his political activities; he then operated a bookshop in Tamshui and a hostel that let him keep in touch with students. Another subversive teacher was Liang's colleague Wei (魏蓝德) who motivated students to write essays about Wang Tuoh (Wang Tuo 王拓;, b. 1944), Chen Ying-chen (Chen Yin-zhen 陳映真, b. 1937), Yang Ch’ing-ch’u (Yang Qingchu 楊清矗;, b.1940), Wu Cho-liu (Wu Zhuoliu 吳濁流 (1900–1976)), or Hwang Chun-ming (Huang Chunming 黃春明).[17] Since 1976, Wang the feminist activist and Tamkang teacher Lee Yuan-chen (Li Yuanzhen 李元貞 – the founder of Women Awakening), Liang and their friend Li Shuangze (李雙澤) formed what the chairman of the German Department at the time called, with a smile, a "Gang of Four". They took a stand in the debate about xiangtu wenxue (Taiwan Nativist Literature that was attacked by the national media and they furthered a nativist folk music revival on campus. At the time, Liang Jingfeng pseudonymously published articles related to questions of Taiwanese culture in journals close to the Tangwai movement, such as Xiachao夏潮 (Summer Tide, often referred to as China Tide.[18]), perhaps also in 前進雜誌 (Advance! Magazine; the name of the magazine refers to a poem written in the 1930s by Tian Han, the "March of the Volunteers" ) and Formosa Zazhi ( 福摩薩雜誌 Formosa Magazine).[19]

Taiwanese folk music movement

After his arrival in Tamshui in 1976, Liang was determined to help friends such as Li Shuangze to push ahead with their attempt, started in 1975, to convert the Western-oriented Campus Folk Music Movement into a socially critical folk song movement of singer-songwriters find an audience eager to embrace and develop their own songs. As one of the critics of non-political English-language folk rock (and of often quite sentimental pop music), Liang, just like his friend and collaborator Li Shuangze(李雙澤, b. 1949 – d. 1977), resented the Westernization of Chinese and regional Taiwanese culture, including its musical culture, and discovered locally rooted issues that could be addressed in new Chinese language folk songs. But the musical form found for instance by Li Shuangze remained partly indebted to that of simple Western tunes. Liang continues to celebrate his regional Taiwanese heritage. In the mid-1970s, when he started to get involved in the folk music movement, he craved however, much like Li Shuangze and others, a folk song movement faithful to China's – and insofar as possible, the island's – heritage. He saw in folk singers like Chen Da a genuine expression of the people's unalienated culture on the island of Taiwan that was still governed by a regime that facilitated cultural Americanization, despite avowed determination to achieve a Neo-Confucian Renaissance.

Probably in 1976 or 1977, Liang wrote the lyrics for the song "Meilidao" (Beautiful Island) that was composed by Li Shuangze.[20] The song became the key song of the radically democratic opposition movement and for many, the unofficial anthem of Taiwan.[21] The song's name became the name of a critical opposition magazine, Meilidao.

Other songs created by the two were "We are the Young China" and "Little Friend, Do you know where the rice comes from?" (and the fish, and your clothing) – the song continued, saying that it is the result of the work of the peasants, the fisher folk, the workers.[22] The songs were made famous by Li[23] and then, after his death, by Yang Zujun, in the mid- to late 1970s a student at Tamkang University (淡江大學 ).

In 1978–1979, Liang distributed cassette tapes with these and other – often banned – songs on campus.[24] The four Tamkang radicals were the factual organizers of the concert that was to feature, among others, their friend, aboriginal singer Hu Defu (胡德夫). Because Hu Defu could not appear (probably due to health reasons), Li replaced him, talking about the cultural alienation that was implied when young people in Taiwan sang American folk songs (in the context of a so-called Campus Folk Movement) while ignoring their own heritage. When Li symbolically smashed a Coke bottle (a symbol of Western cultural penetration) on stage, the act was lambasted in the press as the Coca Cola Incident (Coca Cola incident 可口可樂事件 or Tamkang incident 淡江事件). Due to the Tangwai scholars, Chen Da, an old but soon noted Taiwanese folk singer, was invited to perform on campus in Tamkang. It was "a closeness to the regionalist culture" that linked the four Tamkang activists Lee Yuan-chen (李元貞), Liang, Li and Wang Jinping to Native critical and realist literature, to Taiwanese folk music (Chen Da), and to the Democracy movement. This activism became less apparent, and was perhaps temporarily scaled down in the wake of the crackdown linked to the Meilidao incident ( 美麗島事件 ) in 1979. In 1987, many years after Li's premature death in 1977, and thus in the period when Martial law in Taiwan was about to be suspended,[25] Liang and Lee Yuan-chen published his collected works, together with a biography.[26]

Taiwan literature

Liang was described as a "Germanist" in a German publication[27] and has published much on German literature. He has researched and published on Taiwan's literary heritage. As the faculty website of National Dong Hwa University points out, Liang compiled 日據下臺灣新文學──詩選集 (Rì jù xià táiwān xīn wénxué ──shī xuǎn jí /The New Literature in Taiwan under the Japanese Occupation – a poetry anthology) in 1979. He edited the book with Li Nanheng (李南衡). He is the author of Xiāngtǔ yǔ xiàndài (鄉土與現代 Native and modern).[28]

After Liang had published "Lai Ho shih shei" (賴和是誰？Who is Lai He?) in Xiachiao (夏潮 Hsia-ch’ao) #6, Sept. 1976, he published Taiwan xiandai shi de qibu Lai He, Zhang Wojun he Yang Hua de hanwen baihuashi (台灣現代詩的起步賴和, 張我軍和楊華的漢文白話詩 / The Beginnings of Taiwan's modern poetry: Lai He, Zhang Wojun and Yang Hua's Chinese poetry in the vernacular language) in 1994.[29]

Ingrid Schuh's book 臺灣作家楊青矗小说研究 年以前 1975 / (Taiwan zuojia Yang Qingchu xiaoshuo yanjiu 1975 nian yiqian / A Study of Taiwanese Writer Yang Qingchu's Novels Before 1975) also mentions Liang's research and publication activity.[30]

Liang published on Ye Shitao (葉石濤, b. 1925), Yang Qingchu (楊青矗, b. 1940) etc., and together with Chen Mingtai an article entitled "Der Wiederaufbau der modernen Lyrik. – Deutsche und japanische Nachkriegslyrik."

Selected bibliography

Jiang's works include:[31]

"Chūnguāng guān bù zhù—lùn Yáng Kuí de xiǎoshuō <<é māmā chūjià>>" ( 春光關不住—論楊逵的小說 "鵝媽媽出嫁" / Spring cannot be forbidden – Yang Kui's story "Mother Goose marries"); journal article, Sept. 1976).
"Shénme bùshì xiàndài shī " ( 什麼不是現代詩 / What is not modern poetry), journal article, Oct. 1976.
"Hǎi Niè (Heinrich Heine) shī zhōng de xiàndài shī zhì" ( 海涅(Heinrich Heine)詩中的現代詩質 / Heinrich Heine: Poems with a modern poetry quality), journal article, Nov. 1977 pp. 143–177. (This journal article is referred to in German as: "Moderne Aspekte in der Lyrik Heines." It was discussed in 1979 in the German-language "Heine Yearbook".)
Lài Hé shì shuí (賴和是誰 / Who is Lai Ho). A small book of which only one copy was printed, March 1979.
"Shénme bùshì xiàndài shī " ( 什麼不是現代詩 / What is not modern poetry), journal article, March 1979.
"Hǎidǎo zhīgē: Lùn rì jù shíqí Táiwān xīnshī " (海島之歌 : 論日據時期臺灣新詩 / Island Song: On Taiwan 's New Poetry in the Period of Japanese Occupation), journal article, 11 March 1979. (= "Hai-tao chih ko" (Island Song), in: Shih hsuan-chi (Selected Anthology of Poetry), Vol. 4 of Jih-chü-hsia T’ai-wan hsin wen-hsueh.)
"Hǎi Niè (Heinrich Heine) shī zhōng de xiàndài tè" (期刊論文, 海涅(Heinrich Heine)詩中的現代特 / Heine's poetry ( ... )), journal article, June 1979.
"Dé Táiwān rì jù shíqí xiǎoshuō zhōng de zhímín zhě yǔ bèi zhímín zhě" (德臺灣日據時期小說中的殖民者與被殖民者 / The Colonized and the Colonialists in the Japanese Novels during the Japanese Occupation ), journal article, Sept. 1979.
"Ai de gùshì: Tán <<yàzhōu xiàndài shījí>>" ( / Love story: talk about the "Asian modern poetry collection), journal article, June 1982.
"Lādīng měizhōu wénxué de tànsuǒ" (拉丁美洲文學的探索/ The Journal of Latin American Literature), journal article, Jan.1983.
"Heine über Goethe," in: Deutsche Studien # 18, 1984, pp. 17–21 (published by Deutsche Abteilung des Tamkang College and mentioned by George F. Peters, on p. 300. See: George F. Peters, Die große Heide No.2, Heinrich Heine and the Levels of His Goethe Reception, New York (etc.) : Peter Lang Inc., 1989.)
" (昨日之夢 : 西德學生運動 / Yesterday's Dreams : West Germany's student movement), journal article, July 1986.
Heinrich Heine und die Moderne, Conference papers, Tamkang University, Oct. 1992.
"Fānyì kèchéng zài déyǔ jiàoxué de gōngnéng" ( 翻譯課程在德語教學的功能 / Teaching German translation courses), Conference papers, Tamkang University, Jan. 1993.
Taiwan xiandai shi de qibu Lai He, Zhang Wojun he Yang Hua de hanwen baihuashi. (台灣現代詩的起步賴和, 張我軍和楊華的漢文白話詩 / The Beginnings of Taiwan's modern poetry: Lai He, Zhang Wojun and Yang Hua's Chinese poetry in the vernacular language.) Hsinchu/Xinzhu : Guoli qinghua daxue ( 國立清華大學) 1994. (Re Lai He see: "賴和"Lai He / Lai Ho, Taiwanese Loa Ho, b. 1894 – d. 1943. 賴和.)
"Déguó liúwáng wényì zài Zhōngguó" (德國流亡文藝在中國 / German Exiles in China), Conference papers, Tamkang University, May 1999.
"Déyǔ gēqǔ kèchéng shèjì yǔ jiàocái zhī biānxuǎn – chūbù bàogào (2000)" (德語歌曲課程設計與教材之編選-初步報告(2000) / German Course Design and Compilation of Textbooks – A Preliminary Report (2000)), Conference papers, Tamkang University, 2000.
"Yì zhě yǔ jiàoxué" (譯者與教學 / Being a translator and teaching), in the Proceedings of a conference at the Dept. of German Language and Literature, Tamkang University, June 2002.
"Taiwan: kulturelle Perspektiven einer Weltinsel im Prozess der Globalisierung", conference papers, Tamkang University, June 2002.
Schwabbauer, Monika; Tao Wei (陶緯); Liang Jingfeng (梁景峰); Guo Mingfong (郭名鳳) ; Lai Lixiu (賴麗琇); Wei Rongzhi蕭時雄 (eds.), Qīngsōng xué déyǔ wénfǎ (輕鬆學德語文法 / E輕鬆學德語文法asy to Learn: German Grammar); book, 2002.
Fēngjǐng de biànqiān: Déyǔ wén xué pínglùn xuǎn" ( 風景的變遷 : 德語文學評論選 / A Changing Landscape: A Review of the German Literary Criticism (in German); book, 2006.
Heine: Neuer Frühling. (Chinese translation with annotations); research report, Dept. of German Language and Literature, Tamkang University, 2011.

Translations

Bai Qiu, Pai Chiu : Feuer auf Taiwan: Gedichte. Transl. by Liang Jingfeng梁景峰 and Karlhans Frank. Pforzheim : Verlag Harlekin-Presse, 1974.
Elias Canetti (Jieyi Kaneiti節譯卡內提), Miwang (迷惘, Chin. transl. of Die Blendung); transl. by Liang Jingfeng. Taipei台北 : Guangfu shuju 光復書局 1988.
Deyu qing shi xuan (德語情詩選 Deutsche Liebesgedichte, a selection of German love poetry), translated and with a preface by Liang Jingfeng. Published in the journal Li 笠, issue # 251 / 2006. (Preface: , according to Liang Chingfeng's blog. This webpage of zic.com cannot be accessed anymore.) – The "Li Poetry Society" was already notable between 1964 and 1977. The journal was started in June 1964.[32]
[Translation projected in Dec. 2010 and announced in the blog of Liang Chingfeng; the work is perhaps already published:] Heinrich Heine (Hai Nie 海涅), Neuer Frühling. Meine Handschrift / 海涅, 新春集. 我的手筆 (compiled and edited by Liang Jingfeng)

On 28 December 2010 Liang commented: "Habe vor, den ersten Zyklus (Neuer Frühling) der Sammlung "Neue Gedichte" (1844) von Heinrich Heine (1797–1856) zu übersetzen. Die Gedichte sind meist geschrieben zwischen 1827 und 1831, sind also ein Bindeglied des "Buch der Lieder" (1827) und der späteren neuen Gedichte. Man liest wieder die Gedichte, und wenn die Nacht etwas lang wird, schreibt man die Texte mit der Hand ab. Die Handschrift ist heute wohl ein altmodischer Zeitvertreib. Aber vielleicht versteht man die Gedichte so besser. Hier sind die ersten Proben. Hoffe, dass es einen neuen Frühling für jeden Menschen gibt, Brot, Rosen und Zuckererbsen."[33]

Critical Editions

Heinrich Heine, Neuer Frühling. Meine Handschrift. Hǎi niè, xīnchūn jí. Wǒ de shǒubǐ / 海涅, 新春集. 我的手筆(Heine poems, translated and edited by Liang Jingfeng)
Dang ai fasheng shi... Xiyang shige changpian zhan (當愛發聲時... 西洋詩歌唱片展 / When Love speaks... Sound Disc Exhibition of Western Poetry and Songs), edited by Liang Jingfeng. Tamshui/Taipei: Tamkang University Library 淡江大學覺生圖書館 , 2005. A4. 55 pp.

(Content 內容: Foreword 1; The Song of Songs 4 ; Greek: 7 (Sappho, Elytis ); English: 10 (Chaucer, Shakespeare, Burns, Byron, Poe, Whitman, Dickinson); German: 19 (Walther, Hildegard, Carmina Burana, Luther, Goethe, Schiller, Hölderlin, Eichendorff, Müller, Heine, Rilke, Hesse, Brecht); French: 36 (Villon, Ronsard, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Apollinaire, Aragon, Prévert); Spanish: 46 (Lorca, Alberti, Machado, Borges, Neruda))

References

the year of birth is also given here. See the faculty website of National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
See the positive evaluation in Jane Parrish Yang, The evolution of the Taiwanese New Literature Movement from 1920 to 1937. Madison: University of Wisconsin—Madison 1981 PhD thesis, 1981 (manuscript. Available in the libraries of Columbia Univ., CUNY, Princeton Univ., Ohio State Univ., etc.; Liang's relevant research in this field is also acknowledges in Silvia Marijnissen, From Transparency to Artificiality: Modern Chinese Poetry from Taiwan after 1949. Ph.D. Thesis. Leiden (U. of Leiden) 2008, p. 26.).
In 1979, Liang's, "Modern Aspects in the poetry of Heine" was dealt with in the Heine Jahrbuch 79 (Heine Yearbook), Stuttgart: Metzler, 1979, p. 263. – He is also mentioned in Wolfgang Bauer (1930–1997), Peng Chang, Michael Lackner, Das chinesische Deutschlandbild der Gegenwart: A. Deutsche Kultur, Politik und Wirtschaft im chinesischen Schrifttum 1970 – 1984. Stuttgart: Steiner-VerlagWiesbaden, 1989.
See Samia Ferhat-Dana, Le Dangwai et la Démocratie à Taïwan: Une lutte pour la reconnaissance de l'entité politique taïwanaise (1949–1986), Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998 ISBN 2296369677, 9782296369672. – It is in Samia Ferhat-Dana's book that Liang Jingfeng is quoted as saying that his China is Taiwan. This expresses Liang's turn away from a dream of Chinese unity which he saw expressed, in the second half of the 1970s in the folk song of the 'persona' of a 'fisherman' dreaming of union of two lovers (separated by the Strait) and towards a more obvious way of embracing "Taiwanese identity" and Taiwanese consciousness. – See also: Taiwan yishi lunzhan (台灣意識論戰Taiwan consciousness controversy) 台灣意識論戰; this article, which also mentions Liang Jingfeng's more recent position, sketches the situation of the 1970s very clearly. It says that in academic debates today, the ""Taiwan Consciousness Controversy" is regarded as the continuation of the "Debate on Local Literature" (i.e. on Taiwan Nativist Literature of the 1970s) in 1977 and the "North-South Controversy in Literary Circles" in the early 1980s. During the "Local Literature Debate", the "Taiwan indigenous theory" and "Left-wing Chinese nationalism" were basically allied and together they opposed the official ideology of "right-wing Chinese nationalism" and the (Western) "modernization theory." Although the contradiction between the "Taiwanese are indigenous theory" and "Left-wing Chinese nationalism" was already apparent to some extent in the debate on local literature, it remained hidden or was not significant, as both (camps) were under the pressure of the authoritarian dictatorship and faced political instigation by the Chinese Kuomintang at that time..."(etc.))
Meilidao is the Chinese translation of the Portuguese term "ilha formosa" – the old Portuguese name for Taiwan. In other words, Meilidao also means Formosa. The term is indicative of the aspirations of the local population who had found themselves subjugated by Japanese colonialists between 1895 and 1945, and then had to face a repressive dictatorship dominated by freshly arrived Mainlanders.
See 白萩, born in 1937 白萩. See also: Bai Qiu, Bai Qiu shi xuan (白萩白萩詩選 Bai Qiu's Selected Works), Taipei : San min shu ju; Minguo 66 (1977).
Pai Chiu. Übertr. von Liang Ching-feng u. Karlhans Frank. [Offsetlithos: Axel Hertenstein]: Feuer auf Taiwan – Gedichte. Verlag Harlekin-Presse, Pforzheim 1974. – In 1978, the writer and filmmaker Karlhans Frank (b. 1937) wrote about their joint translation of these poems by Bai Qiu in the journal L76 Demokratie und Sozialismus, edited by Heinrich Böll, Günter Grass and Carola Stern: "Liang Ching-feng und ich wandten folgende Methode an: Ausgehend von einer Wort-für-Wort Übersetung versuchten wir im Gespräch alle möglichen Bedeutungen und Zusammenhänge zu finden. Nach Erfassen der Inhalte, der bestimmenden Bilder und der Form des einzelnen Gedichtes übertrug ich das von Pai Chíu Gemeinte und Gemachte in ein für Abendländer erkennbares Gedicht (...)"
See also
Under the heading "Bái Qiū shījí dé wén bǎn dì èr bù fānyì wánchéng" (白萩詩集德文版第二部翻譯完成 / The German version of a second translation of Bai Qiu's poems has been completed) Liang wrote: I have finished the translation of 40 poems by Pai Chiu with the help of my friend Dr. Wolf Baus, a well-known German sinologist and translator. The manuscript has been sent to the sponsor, the National Literature Museum of Taiwan in Tainan, together with an article (in Chinese and German) on the poems and some picture materials. And I continue with the Heine project. – The projected Bai Qiu volume is called Xiǎng sòng‧báiqiū shī xuǎn nèiróng / 响頌白萩詩選內容Selected Poems of Bai Qiu.
Silvia Marijnissen, ibid., p.26.
It was then without a graduate school, and known as Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences.
See: 夏潮 in: 夏潮聯合會.
"曾以筆名梁德民在 "夏潮" 發表〈賴和是誰？〉." See the website of National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan . Re Lai He, see also: "賴和" (Lai He / Lai Ho, Taiwanese Loa Ho, b. 1894 – d. 1943) in 賴和. – The journal Xiachao was suppressed in 1979. Liang's article ("Lai Ho shi shei?") was later reprinted in: Lai Ho hsien-sheng ch'üan-chi, pp. 436–446. It was mentioned in the Tamkang Review: A Quarterly of Comparative Studies of Chinese and Foreign Literatures / (Danjiang Pinglun), Vol. 25, 1994 p. 33. – This journal is published by the Graduate School of Western Languages and Literature, Tamkang University.
See: Wang Tuo (王拓), b. 1944– d. 2016
born 1940
"He was active as writer from the late-1950s until his death in 2016"
Some of these essays were published in Deutsche Studien # 13, 1978, a journal done by the German Dept. of Tamkang College.
The journal Xiaochao was founded in 1976. Today there still exists the Xiachao Society and a related Taiwanese left wing political group, which oppose "intervention of British and American imperialism" in Chinese and thus also Taiwan's affairs while also opposing Taiwan independence. They "promote national unification, political democracy, economic equality, social justice, local care, and cultural upgrading". In addition to its active involvement in politics, the Xiachao Society helps students from Taiwan to study in China. The current president is Chen Fuyu. See 夏潮聯合會. – The Taiwanese leftwing political group here referred to is obviously the China United Alliance (中国统一联盟 Zhongguo tongyi lianmeng China Union for Unification, an organization in which Wang Jinping, sacked in the 1970s, and now a professor at Tamkang University, plays a leading role. Wang Jinping has remained true to his dream of a united democratic and socialist motherland, whereas Liang Jinfeng has embraced Taidu positions more obviously than before.).
These magazines did not only represent tendencies within in democracy movement. They often replaced another magazine when this magazine had been banned. All radically democratic opposition journals vanished with the crack-down that was connected with the Kaohsiung incident known also as the Formosa incident.
Regarding Li Shuangze, see: Hu Ying-hsueh (=Ying-hsueh HU), "Musical Feast at the ‘Zoo’," in: Tamkang Times, No. 598. 1 March 2005; see also: Helen Rees, "Introduction," in: Lives in Chinese Music, edited by Helen Rees. Urbana IL (University of Illinois Press) 2009.
A website dedicated to Li Shuangze (李雙澤) notes with regard to most of Li Shuangze's works created in the 1970s that Li would "discuss (them) with Liang Jingfeng" – who actually wrote, in several cases, the lyrics for some of Li's compositions, as in the case of "Meilidao". See also the already mentioned National Dong Hwa University faculty website which say that Liang actually "has adapted Chen Xiuxi's poem <Taiwan> when writing the lyrics of Beautiful Island.
See also (with reference also to李双泽_互动百科,搜搜看,http://www.miepao.cn.): "我知道 " 词／曲李双泽、梁景峰 "小朋友你知道吗我们吃的米哪里来我知道呀我知道那是农人种的小朋友你知道吗我们吃的鱼哪里来我知道呀我知道 ..." 李双泽图册WIKI热度该词条未被企业认领，赶快认领吧！
See: 李双泽（1949.7.14–1977.9.10）是现代台湾文化界传奇人物之一，集画家、作家、民谣歌手和作曲家于一身。李双泽在父母的培育下，进入淡江大学数学系就读。于1974年6月以25岁之龄在台北美国新闻处林肯中心开办画作个展。1975年初到1976年中，李双泽到西班牙和美国游学。双泽歌曲的诗词及音乐显示台湾文化中罕见的心灵开放，自由和自信，不同于一般流行歌的装清纯或强说愁。他的呼吁和创作推动了新民歌运动的风潮，淡江大学也成为新歌运动的重镇。此外，他的文学作品也得到相当高的艺术评价，中篇小说《终战の赔偿》获得1978年的吴浊流文学奖。 ("Li Shuangze (b. July 14, 1949.7.14- d. Sept. 10, 1977) is a modern Taiwanese cultural legend, a man of was a painter, writer, folk singer and composer at the same time. ...In June 1974, at the age of 25 he had a solo exhibition at the Lincoln Center in Taipei, run by the United States Information Office. From early 1975 to 1976, Li Shuangze went to Spain and the United States. Shuangze 's lyrics and music show a spiritual openness, freedom and self -confidence that is rare in Taiwan, different from the general trend of pop songs ... His appeal and creativity promoted a new trend of the folk song movement, Tamkang University became a new campaign center through songs. In addition, his literary works have also been accorded a very high evaluation as literary works of art, his story "终战の赔偿" won the Wu Zhuo-Liu literature award in 1978."
It was actually, to a large degree samizdat music. When GIO censors began to suspect the political reference of songs that were often allegoric, they would ban them.
It was lifted in June 1987 after a renewed upswing of protests and new crackdowns that finally made "liberals" in the U.S. aware of the necessity to press for and manage a controlled, "peaceful" transition in order to avoid a instability or a victory by "radicals"... See the Qianjìn zazhì (前進雜誌 Ch'ien-chin Magazine ) article "38 Years of Martial Law", reprinted in: Taiwan Communiqué No. 30, May 1987. European edition; published by International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan (based in The Hague, Vancouver, and Seattle). ISSN 1027-3999. http://www.taiwandc.org/twcom/tc30-int.pdf. This article by a journal of the democratic Tangwai movement and also the entire Taiwan Communiqué No. 30 document the fact that severe expression occurred practically up to the last minute.
Jingfeng Liang; Yuanzhen Li; Shuangze Li; 美麗島與少年中國 : 李雙澤紀念文集 /Meilidao yu shaonian Zhongguo: Li Shuangze jinian wen ji. Beautiful Island and [We are the] Young China: Collected Works of Li Shuangze. (Taipei?]: 李雙澤紀念會: Li Shuangze ji nian hui, Min guo 76 (1987) (With a biography of Li Shuangze) – Li Shuangze drowned in September 1977 at the North Taiwan coast near Beishicun, while saving the life of an American student who had ventured into the surf despite being warned in view of the stormy weather.
In 1997, the German academic publication Hefte für ostasiatische Literatur (Journal for East Asian Literature) referred to him as "der Germanist Liang Jingfeng" and mentioned at the same time his work on the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo. (Christiane Hammer, "Nachrichten zur Literatur aus Taiwan," in: Hefte für ostasiatische Literatur no. 23, Nov. 1997, p. 157)
See Ntl. Donghua University Faculty website http://faculty.ndhu.edu.tw/~e-poem/poemroad/liang-jingfeng.
Liang Jingfeng, Taiwan xiandai shi de qibu Lai He, Zhang Wojun he Yang Hua de hanwen baihuashi. Hsinchu (=Xinzhu): Guoli qinghua daxue (國立清華大學) 1994.
Ingrid Schuh, 臺灣作家楊青矗小说研究 (A Study of Taiwanese Writer Yang Qingchu's Novels: Before 1975), Tainan: Tainan County Government Publishing House臺南縣政府, min 96.01 (2007); German edition: Ingrid Schuh, Die Erzählungen des taiwanesischen Schriftstellers Yang Qingchu bis 1975. Bochum: Studienverlag Brockmeyer, 1989; 180 pp.; Liang Jingfeng is mentioned, for instance, on p. 209.
Including information gleaded from the Online Public Access Catalogue of the University Library, Tamkang University, Tamshui and Taipei) .
See Lin Tzu-ling (林姿伶), 1964∼1977 Nian "Li" zhongyao shiren yanjiu ( 1964∼1977年 "笠"重要詩人研究 / Study of Significant Poets in the "Li Poetry Society" between 1964 and 1977; ).
"Heinrich Heine, Neuer Frühling. Meine Handschrift. 海涅, 新春集. 我的手筆@ginfung". 樂多日誌. Retrieved 13 March 2018.