Julian Martinez
Julián Martínez, also known as Pocano (1879–1943), was a San Ildefonso Pueblo potter,[1] painter, and the patriarch of one of the most important family of Native American ceramic artists in the United States.
Julian Martínez | |
|---|---|
| Born | Pocano 1879 |
| Died | 1943 |
| Nationality | San Ildefonso Pueblo |
| Education | community |
| Known for | Ceramics, Painting |
| Movement | San Ildefonso Self-Taught Group |
| Elected | Governor of San Ildefonso Pueblo |
| Patron(s) | School for Advanced Research |
Background
Martínez was born in 1879 in San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico.[2] His name, Pocano, means "Coming of the Spirits" in Tewa. He worked as a farmer, general laborer, and janitor, in addition to being an artist. He was elected governor of San Ildefonso.[3]
Martínez married potter Maria Martinez, and together they had a son Popovi Da, who became a well-known potter.[4] Maria is considered the preeminent creator of San Ildefonso blackware pottery; however Julian contributed greatly to her accomplishments. Their son Popovi Da continuedinnovating Pueblo ceramic arts and ranks among theaccomplished Native American potters and painters of the 20th century.
Martinez died on March 6, 1943, in San Ildefonso Pueblo.[4]
Work
Martinez was instrumental in reviving the San Ildefonso and creating the San Ildefonso black-on-black, matte-on-shiny pottery technique.[5] The Martínez family is credited for inventing a revolutionary technique that would allow for areas of the pottery to have a matte finish and other areas to be a glossy jet black.[6]
Martínez, with help from anthropologist, Edgar Lee Hewett researched historical designs and reproduced them on the pottery, later modifying classical Pueblo designs to create his own.
Martínez was also an easel painter.[1] He painted Pueblo rituals and abstract designs with colored pencil and watercolor, and featured Western figurative types against blank backgrounds.[7] He painted murals at the former Santa Fe Indian School in Santa Fe, New Mexico and Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado.[3]
Martínez was part of an art movement called the San Ildefonso Self-Taught Group, which included such noted artists as Alfonso Roybal, Tonita Peña, Abel Sanchez (Oqwa Pi), Crecencio Martinez, and Encarnación Peña.[8]
Public collections
Martinez' artwork can be found in the following public collections.
- American Museum of Natural History, New York
- Amerind Foundation, Dragoon, Arizona
- Amon Carter Museum of Art, Fort Worth, Texas
- Arizona State Museum, Tucson
- Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio
- Cleveland Museum of Fine Arts, Ohio
- Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Ohio
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Denver Art Museum, Colorado
- Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, Norman, Oklahoma
- Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska
- Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, Texas
- Millicent Rogers Museum, Taos, New Mexico
- Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minnesota
- Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe
- Museum of Northern Arizona, Katherine Harvey Collection, Flagstaff
- National Museum of the American Indian, George Gustav Heye Center, New York
- National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, D.C.
- Newark Museum, Newark, NJ
- Owensboro Museum of Fine Arts, Owensboro, Kentucky
- Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Riverside Museum, New York
- School for Advanced Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico
- Smithsonian Museum of American Art, Washington, D.C.
- Southwest Museum of the American Indian, Los Angeles
- University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia
- Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, Santa Fe, New Mexico
See also
- List of Native American artists
- Native American pottery
References
- "Julian Martinez." Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- Berlo, Janet C.; Phillips, Ruth B. (1998). Native North American Art. Oxford University Press. p. 217.
- Lester 344
- Lester 343
- "Maria & Julian Martinez Pottery". Masterpiece Technologies. Retrieved 11/13/07.
- Sublette, Mark J. "Maria Martinez and San Ildefonso Pottery." Medicine Man Gallery. Retrieved 11/13/07.
- Julian Martinez. Retrieved 11/7/07.
- Wander, Robin (February 22, 2012). "Highlights from Stanford's Native American paintings collection are showcased in Memory and Markets: Pueblo Painting in the Early 20th Century". Stanford News. Stanford University, Cantor Art Center. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Notes
- Lester, Patrick D. The Biographical Directory of Native American Painters. Tulsa, OK: SIR Publications, 1995. ISBN 0-8061-9936-9.
- Crawford, Virginia. "American Indian Painting." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 69, no. 1 (1982): 3-17.
External links
- Julian Martinez art, National Museum of the American Indian
- Julian Martinez art, Smithsonian American Art Museum
