Jon Postel

Jonathan Bruce Postel (/pəˈstɛl/; August 6, 1943 – October 16, 1998) was an American computer scientist who made many significant contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly with respect to standards. He is known principally for being the Editor of the Request for Comment (RFC) document series, for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and for administering the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) until his death. In his lifetime he was known as the "god[2] of the Internet" for his comprehensive influence on the medium.

Jon Postel
Born(1943-08-06)August 6, 1943
Altadena, California, U.S.
DiedOctober 16, 1998(1998-10-16) (aged 55)
Santa Monica, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUCLA
Known forRequest for Comment
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Postel's Law
Scientific career
FieldsComputer science
Doctoral advisorDave Farber
InfluencedTim Berners-Lee[1]

The Internet Society's Postel Award is named in his honor, as is the Postel Center at Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California. His obituary was written by Vint Cerf and published as RFC 2468 in remembrance of Postel and his work. In 2012, Postel was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society.[3] The Channel Islands' Domain Registry building was named after him in early 2016.[4][5]

Career

Postel attended Van Nuys High School,[6] and then UCLA where he earned his B.S. (1966) as well as his M.S. (1968) in Engineering. He then went on to complete his Ph.D. there in Computer Science in 1974, with Dave Farber as his thesis advisor.

Map of the Internet, created by Jon Postel in 1982

Postel started work at UCLA on 23 December 1969 as a Postgraduate Research Engineer (I) where he was involved in early work on the ARPANET. He was involved in the development of the Internet domain system and, at his instigation, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed a second set of protocols for handling data between networks, which is now known as Internet Protocol (IP).[7] Together with Cerf and Steve Crocker, Postel worked on implementing most of the ARPANET protocols.[8] Cerf would later become one of the principal designers of the TCP/IP standard,[8] which works because of the sentence known as Postel's Law.[9]

Postel worked with ARPANET until 24 August 1973 when he left to join MITRE Corporation. He assisted with Network Information Center which was being set up at SRI by Elizabeth Feinler. In March 1977, he joined the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California as a research scientist.[10]

Postel was the RFC Editor from 1969 until his death, and wrote and edited many important RFCs, including RFC 791, RFC 792 and RFC 793, which define the basic protocols of the Internet protocol suite, and RFC 2223, Instructions to RFC Authors. Between 1982 and 1984 Postel co-authored the RFCs which became the foundation of today's DNS (RFC 819, RFC 881, RFC 882 and RFC 920) which were joined in 1995 by RFC 1591 which he also co-wrote. In total, he wrote or co-authored more than 200 RFCs.

Postel served on the Internet Architecture Board and its predecessors for many years. He was the Director of the names and number assignment clearinghouse, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), from its inception. He was the first member of the Internet Society, and was on its Board of Trustees. He was the original and long-time .us Top-Level Domain administrator. He also managed the Los Nettos Network.

All of the above were part-time activities he assumed in conjunction with his primary position as Director of the Computer Networks Division, Division 7, of the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.[11]

DNS Root Authority test, U.S. response
Postel in 1994, with map of Internet top-level domains.

On January 28, 1998, Postel, as a test, emailed eight of the twelve operators of Internet's regional root nameservers on his own authority and instructed them to reconfigure their servers,[12] changing the root zone server from then SAIC subsidiary Network Solutions (NSI)'s A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET (198.41.0.4) to IANA's DNSROOT.IANA.ORG (198.32.1.98). The operators complied with Postel's instructions, thus dividing control of Internet naming between the non-government operators with IANA and the 4 remaining U.S. Government roots at NASA, DoD, and BRL with NSI. Though usage of the Internet was not interrupted, he soon received orders from senior government officials to undo this change,[13] which he did.[14] Within a week, the US NTIA issued A proposal to improve technical management of Internet names and addresses, including changes to authority over the Internet DNS root zone,[15] which ultimately, and controversially,[16] increased U.S. control.[17]

Legacy

On October 16, 1998, Postel died of complications from heart surgery in Los Angeles, nine months after the DNS Root Authority incident. He was recovering from a surgery to replace a leaking heart valve.[18]

The significance of Jon Postel's contributions to building the Internet, both technical and personal, were such that a memorial recollection of his life forms part of the core technical literature sequence of the Internet in the form of RFC 2468 "I Remember IANA", written by Vinton Cerf.

Another tribute "Working with Jon Tribute delivered at UCLA, October 30, 1998" RFC2441 , was written by D. Cohen.

Postel's law

Perhaps his most famous legacy is from RFC 760, which includes a robustness principle often called Postel's law: "an implementation should be conservative in its sending behavior, and liberal in its receiving behavior" (reworded in RFC 1122 as "Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in what you send").

See also

Notes
  1. "A Ten Year Tribute to Jon Postel". www.internetsociety.org. Internet Society. Berners-Lee comments on the "society, sets of values and ways of working" as, in part, established by Postel
  2. q:Jon Postel
  3. "2012 Inductees". Internet Hall of Fame. 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  4. "Delegation Record for .GG". www.iana.org. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. March 8, 2016.
  5. "Delegation Record for .JE". www.iana.org. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. March 8, 2016.
  6. Hafner, Katie; Lyon, Matthew (1996). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet. Simon & Schuster. p. 137. ISBN 0-684-81201-0. Steve Crocker and Vint Cerf had been best friends since attending Van Nuys High School in L.A.'s San Fernando Valley.... While Cerf and Crocker were academic stars, Postel, who was twenty-five, had had a more checkered academic career. He had grown up in nearby Glendale and Sherman Oaks, and he too had attended Van Nuys High School, where his grades were mediocre.
  7. Banks, Michael (2008). On the Way to the Web: The Secret History of the Internet and Its Founders. Berkeley, CA: Apress. pp. 76. ISBN 9781430208693.
  8. Mueller, Milton L. (2009). Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 75. ISBN 9780262263795.
  9. Liska, Allan (2015). Building an Intelligence-Led Security Program. Waltham, MA: Syngress. p. 1. ISBN 9780128021453.
  10. "USC Memorial Tribute for Jonathan B. Postel". University of Southern California. November 5, 1998. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
  12. Singer, P. W.; Friedman, Allan (December 4, 2013). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know®. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199364572.
  14. Bridis, Ted (AP) (February 5, 1998). "Internet reconfiguration turns out to be rogue test". The Daily News (Kentucky).
  15. "A proposal to improve technical management of Internet names and addresses. Discussion Draft 1/30/98". NTIA.org. January 30, 1998. Archived from the original on February 7, 1998.
  16. Froomkin, A. Michael (2000). "Wrong turn in cyberspace: Using ICANN to route around the APA and the Constitution". University of Miami School of Law. (cited 50 Duke L. J. 17 (2000))
  17. Cukier, Kenneth (February 16, 1998). "Testing times for Net guardians". Communications Week International. Archived from the original on February 19, 1999.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  18. Jon Postel, Internet Pioneer, Dies at 55 after Heart Surgery. Washington Post, 1998-10-18. Accessed 2016-09-09.
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