John Uri Lloyd

John Uri Lloyd (19 April 1849 – 9 April 1936) was an American pharmacist and leader of the eclectic medicine movement who was influential in the development of pharmacognosy, ethnobotany, economic botany, and herbalism.[1]

John Uri Lloyd

He also wrote novels set in northern Kentucky. His most popular novel was the science fiction or allegorical Etidorhpa, or, the end of the earth: the strange history of a mysterious being and the account of a remarkable journey (1895). First distributed privately, it was later illustrated and printed in eighteen editions. Translated into seven languages, it was widely read in Europe as well as the United States.

Life and career

John Uri Lloyd was born in upstate New York to teachers Sophia Webster and Nelson Marvin Lloyd. His family relocated to Florence and Petersburg in northern Kentucky, near Cincinnati, Ohio in 1853. Lloyd took an apprenticeship with the chemist William J.M. Gordon when he was 14 years old and later apprenticed with George Eger.

His younger brothers Nelson Ashley Lloyd (1851–1926) and Curtis Gates Lloyd (1859–1926) also became chemists. During 1886 the brothers bought the Merrell and Thorpe Company, renaming it as Lloyd Brothers, Pharmacists, Inc. John Lloyd's innovations include a "cold still" for plant extractions and the first buffered alkaloid (made with hydrous aluminium silicate), called alcresta.

During 1919 Lloyd and his two brothers established trusts to fund the Lloyd Library and Museum. Today it is considered by many to house the finest collections in the world devoted to eclectic medicine, medical botany and pharmacy. During the 19th and early 20th century, the eclectic medicine movement was popular, which incorporated the use of medical botany. It founded associated medical schools, including the Eclectic Medical Institute, first located in Worthington in 1833, which moved to Cincinnati, where it had students from 1845 to 1939.

After Lloyd's death in 1936, S.B. Penick bought the Lloyd Brothers firm in 1938. In 1960 Hoechst AG, the German pharmaceutical manufacturer, purchased the operations. In 2013 the American company Eli Lilly and Company bought Hoechst AG.

Writings

Lloyd combined his interests by writing a series of local description novels about the northern Kentucky area. His most popular and influential work was Etidorhpa (1895), a scientific allegory that some consider a work of science fiction. It was part of what are called the genre of "Hollow Earth" novels, based on a journey to the interior of the earth and another world. He first distributed the book privately. When it was printed commercially, illustrations by J. Augustus Knapp were added. It ran to eighteen editions and was translated into seven languages.

Legacy and honors
John Uri Lloyd House

Bibliography

Pharmaceutical:

  • Elixirs And Flavoring Extracts: Their History, Formulae, & Methods of Preparation (1892)
  • Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel Thomson, and a History of the Thomsonian Materia Medica, as shown in "The New Guide to Health", and the Literature of that Day, Cincinnati: Lloyd Library, 1909. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • The Eclectic Alkaloids, Resins, Resinoids, Oleo-Resins and Concentrated Principles (1910)
  • History of the Vegetable Drugs of the Pharmacopeia of the United States, Cincinnati, Ohio: Lloyd Library, 1911. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • A Lesson In Mind Study (19xx, repr. 2006)

Other works:

  • Etidorhpa, illustrated by J. Augustus Knapp (1895; rpt. 1997 ISBN 1-56459-243-X)
  • The Right Side of the Car: A Story of the Northern Pacific Railway (1897)
  • Scroggins (1900, repr. 2007)
  • Stringtown on the Pike: A Tale of Northernmost Kentucky (1901, repr. 2009)
  • Warwick of the Knobs: A Story of Stringtown County, Kentucky (1901)
  • Red Head: Illustrations and Decorations by Reginald B. Birch (1903, repr. 2007)
  • Hydrastis canadensis : facsimile, reprint and illustrations of the article in "Drugs and medicines of North America". Lloyd Library, Cincinnati 1908. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Felix Moses: the Beloved Jew of Stringtown on the Pike (1930)

See also

References
  1. Michael A. Flannery, John Uri Lloyd: The Great American Eclectic, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8093-2167-X
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