Irene McKinney

Third oldest of her parents' (Ralph Durrett and Celia Phares Durrett) six children, Irene McKinney was born and grew up in Belington, Barbour County, WV on a 300-acre farm that had been in her family for generations.[3][4] She had 5 siblings (2 older siblings named Harold Durrett and Eleanor Leary and 3 younger siblings named Ralph Waldo Durrett or Wally, Janet Stonerook or Janey and Eileen Martin). Her family grew most of their food on their farm due to the struggle of living on one income and having to feed 8 mouths in the house.[5]

She attended a one-room school, Concord School, for first through fifth grades. McKinney recalls that her second grade teacher, Mrs. Teeter, recognized and encouraged her by giving her a double promotion from second to fourth grade.[6] From a young age, her father Ralph Durrett, a schoolteacher, read her works by Ralph Waldo Emerson, William Wordsworth, Edgar Allen Poe, and Pinnochio. She is also quoted to have read "Byron, Sheep Shearing in America, Kiss Me Deadly, and Paradise Lost.[5]

Irene graduated Belington High School in 1956 married her high school boyfriend Joe McKinney at Fort Ashby, West Virginia; they later had 2 children named Julia Vickers nee McKinney and Paul McKinney. Initially a stay-at-home mom, her interest in poetry and literature was piqued when she discovered that the library in Buckhannon (Buckhannon Public Library) where she lived had a lot of books that she was really interested in learning from. Through this activity, she became highly influenced by the likes of Emily Dickinson and Sylvia Plath.[5]

Even though her husband was reluctant to her going back to school to further her education, she pursued her Bachelors, Master's, and even her PHD. She received her B.A. in English Literature at West Virginia Wesleyan College in 1968, her M.A. at West Virginia University in 1970 and her PhD in English literature with a doctorate in creative writing from the University of Utah in 1980.[1][7]

She later got a fellowship from West Virginia University for her work and was also one of the first students to complete a creative thesis at WV University. Her dissertation was her first poetry collection, Room for the Wakers.[4] McKinney was also the protégé of and editor for Louise McNeill, fellow poet and the predecessor to the Poet Laureate position for West Virginia from 1979 to her death in 1993. Irene helped edit for her and her friendship and relationship with Louise helped her move towards focusing on regionalism (focusing on local dialect, customs, and other features for a specific region) in her writing and poems. McKinney's poetry is steeped in the rural Appalachian landscape and frequently explores the connections between people and place.[8] [9] Though she retired in 2000, she was still active and continued to teach at Wesleyan College.

During the last two years of her life, she worked tirelessly to fulfill her dream of a program at West Virginia Wesleyan College where “good writing was the center of a community, with its roots in the region of the writers yet also being able to reference the outside world”. She worked on developing the Low-Residency MFA (Master of Fine Arts) Program here.[5] Due to her work with this now developed program at West Virginia Wesleyan College, West Virginia has dedicated an award in her name: the Irene McKinney Award for West Virginia Wesleyan MFA Students.[7] Additionally, the West Virginia Wesleyan College has honored the late founder of the MFA program by setting up the McKinney Postgraduate Teaching Fellowship, which offers an MFA program graduate an opportunity to gain experience in teaching while being closely mentored by practiced faculty members.[10]

She died of cancer at the family home in Barbour County at the age of 72.[11][2]

McKinney was proud of her West Virginia rural heritage, which she constantly referenced in her poetry. She said, "When people say this state is backward, I simply am astounded. I had access to a farm community, a small peaceful town and school and good, dedicated teachers. I was in nature and in literature--a perfect combination for a writer".[6] She also said, "I'm a hillbilly, a woman, and a poet and I realized early on that nobody was going to listen to anything I had to say, so I might as well just say whatever I wanted to".[8]

As a teacher, she taught at West Virginia Wesleyan College (Professor Emeritus - from 1971 until she went to complete her Master's and then she came back in 1991 as a professor of English and director of creative writing)[7], Buckhannon-Upshur High School (she taught now well-known novelist Jayne Anne Phillips), Western Washington University[4], UC Santa Cruz[4], Hamilton College[4], Potomac State College[7], University of Utah[7], and Huttonsville Correctional Center.[7]

She was also a Writer-in-Residence at UC Santa Cruz[12][7], Western Washington University at Bellingham[12], University of New Mexico at Albuquerque[12], Hamilton College[12], Lynchburg College[12], Alderson-Broaddus College (visiting writer-in-residence)[4], and University of Kerala, India.[4]

She was also a Poet-in-Residence at West Virginia Commission of the Arts.[7]

She was awarded residencies at The Bread Loaf Writers' Conference[9], The Utah Arts Council[9], Kentucky Foundation for Women[9], West Virginia Center for the Creative Arts[9], Blue Mountain Center[13], and Potomac State College of West Virginia University named her a 2005 Whitmore-Gates Scholar.[13]

She was also awarded/granted fellowships at MacDowell Colony in 1982 and 1995[14], and at the National Endowment for the Arts in 1986 for Creative Writing.[15]

As for individual awards, she received The Utah Arts Council Prize Award in Fiction[7], The Breadloaf Scholarship[7], Cincinnati Review Annual Poetry Prize[7], Kentucky Foundation for Women Award[7], and the Appalachian Mellon Scholarship.[7]

• Room for the Wakers[3]
• The Girl With the Stone in Her Lap (North Atlantic Books, 1976)[16]
• The Wasps at the Blue Hexagons (Small Plot Press, 1984)[17]
• Quick Fire and Slow Fire (North Atlantic Books, 1988)[17]
• Six O'Clock Mine Report (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989)[18]
• Vivid Companion (Vandalia Press, 2004)[19]
• Unthinkable: Collected Poems 1976-2004 (Red Hen Press, 2009)[20]

• Backcountry: Contemporary Writing in West Virginia (Editor, Vandalia Press, 2002)[17]
• Cofounder of Trellis, a West Virginia Poetry Journal, with fellow Appalachian Poet Maggie Anderson and Winston Fuller in 1971 (she worked on it from 1973 - 1979).[21]
• Assistant Editor for Quarterly West, an American literary magazine at the University of Utah

• Poem, 'Visiting My Gravesite: Talbott Churchyard, West Virginia' (from Unthinkable) online at Poetry Foundation
• West Virginia Wesleyan College
• Poetry Foundation biography