Inverness Castle

Inverness Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Inbhir Nis) sits on a cliff overlooking the River Ness in Inverness, Scotland. The red sandstone structure, displaying an early castellated style, is the work of a few nineteenth-century architects. William Burn (1789-1870) designed the Sheriff Court, Joseph Mitchell (1803-1883) the bastioned enclosing walls, and Thomas Brown II (1806-c.72) the District Court, originally built as a prison.[1] It is built on the site of an 11th-century defensive structure. Today it houses Inverness Sheriff Court. There has been a castle on this site for many centuries. In April 2017 the north tower of the castle was opened to the public as a view point. At present, only the castle grounds and the north tower are open to the public. The remainder of the castle is not open to the public.

Inverness Castle

History

Medieval history

A succession of castles has stood on this site since 1057.

The castle is said to have been built by Malcolm III of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada). The first Inverness Castle was partially destroyed by King Robert I of Scotland.

In 1428, James I, in his effort to bring the Highlanders to heel, summoned fifty clan chiefs to a parley at Inverness Castle. However, "where the Parliament was at the time sitting, they were one by one by order of the King arrested, ironed, and imprisoned in different apartments and debarred from having any communications with each other or with their followers."[2] Several chiefs were executed on the spot. Among those arrested were Alexander, 3rd Lord of the Isles, and his mother, Mariota, Countess of Ross. Lord Alexander remained imprisoned for twelve months, after which he returned to Inverness with 10,000 men and burnt the town, though he failed to take the Castle.[3] See: Siege of Inverness (1429).

The castle was occupied during the Raid on Ross in 1491.

Mary, Queen of Scots
Historic view of Inverness Castle

In 1548 another castle with tower was completed by George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly (1514–1562). He was constable of the castle until 1562. The castle was later taken by the Clan Munro and Clan Fraser, who supported Mary Queen of Scots during the Siege of Inverness (1562). Robert Mor Munro, 15th Baron of Foulis, chief of the Clan Munro, was a staunch supporter and faithful friend of Mary Queen of Scots and was consequently treated favourably by her son James VI.

George Buchanan states that when the unfortunate princess went to Inverness in 1562 and found the gates of the castle shut against her, "as soon as they heard of their sovereign's danger, a great number of the most eminent Scots poured in around her, especially the Frasers and Munros, who were esteemed the most valiant of the clans inhabiting those countries in the north". These two clans took Inverness Castle for the Queen, which had refused her admission. The Queen later hanged the governor, a Gordon who had refused entry.[4]

George Buchanan's original writings state:[5]

Audito Principis periculo magna Priscorum Scotorum multitudo partim excita partim sua sponte afferit, imprimis Fraserie et Munoroii hominum fortissimorum in illis gentibus familiae.

which translates in English as:

That as soon as they heard of their Sovereign's danger a great number of the ancient Scots poured in around her, especially the Frasers and Munros, which were esteemed the most valiant families inhabiting those countries.

Other sieges of Inverness Castle

There were later sieges of Inverness in 1562, 1649, 1650, 1689, 1715 and 1746.

In May 1621 King James wrote from Theobalds to the Earl of Mar and Gideon Murray with orders that Inverness Castle should be repaired as soon as works at Linlithgow Palace and Dumbarton Castle were completed. Although, "a great part thereof was quite fallen down", the castle was not repaired at this time.[6]

£50 note

An illustration of the castle has featured on the reverse side of £50 note issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland, which was introduced in 2005.[7]

Reconstruction

The current Inverness Castle was built in 1836 on the site of the original. To improve the more recent castle, a gas, light, and water system was installed.

  • Pipe band at Inverness Castle, 2014
  • Inverness Castle in winter with the statue of Flora MacDonald in the foreground
  • Inverness Castle
  • Inverness Castle as seen from across River Ness.

See also

References
  1. "Inverness Castle". www.victorianweb.org. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  2. Mackenzie, Alexander (1894). History of the Mackenzies. Inverness: A. & W. Mackenzie. p. 69. Retrieved 15 February 2015. 1427.
  3. Oram, Richard D., ed. (2014). The Lordship of the Isles. Leiden: Brill. p. 90. ISBN 978-9004279469. Retrieved 15 February 2017.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  4. Clan MUNRO
  5. George Buchanan's (1506–1582), History of Scotland, completed in 1579, first published in 1582.
  6. HMC Mar & Kellie, vol. 1 (London, 1904), p. 86.
  7. "Current Banknotes : Royal Bank of Scotland". The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. Retrieved 17 October 2008.

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