Immigration to Russia
Immigration to Russia is an entry process of foreign citizens for permanent residence in the territory of the Russian Federation. The standard immigration procedure consists of the following steps: obtaining a temporary residence permit; obtaining a permanent residence permit and obtaining Russian citizenship.[1] Under current law, the citizenship of Russia can be received after five years of residence and after passing an exam in Russian language. The immigration to Russia is regulated by the Main Directorate for Migration Affairs.[2] The immigration plays an important role in modern Russian demographic processes, since it is the cause of the increase of the population from 2011.[3]
Russia maintains one of the world's most liberal immigration policies; anyone who works in Russia for five years and develops fluency in the Russian language can become a citizen, provided he or she has not committed a crime. Almost anyone who is hired by a Russian firm can stay in the country and work indefinitely [4] This reflects a policy change on the part of the government of Vladimir Putin from the more restrictive policy enacted after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, in response to declining birth rates.[5] The large non-Slavic immigrant populations arriving in response to Putin's liberal policy have sometimes been met with xenophobia. To counter this, the Russian state has shut down various anti-immigrant group pursuant to Russian hate speech laws, such as the Movement Against Illegal Immigration.
Russian language native speakers, those married to Russian citizens, highly qualified specialists, businessmen and refugees are eligible for a simplified immigration procedure. It allows to get citizenship in 3 years (instead of 5 under the standard procedure) or sometimes to skip temporary or permanent residency.[6] Edit1
Statistics
Recent trends
Country | Gross immigration | Net immigration | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
74,748 | 30,760 | 27,508 | 194,810 | 178,274 | 150,182 | 137,776 | 39,147 | 18,120 | 21,230 | 146,131 | 118,819 | 47,691 | 14,822 | |
124,903 | 51,945 | 27,862 | 65,750 | 69,356 | 71,680 | 72,141 | 106,990 | 39,508 | 20,533 | 34,767 | 37,130 | 32,736 | 26,516 | |
11,043 | 4,717 | 18,188 | 47,638 | 52,676 | 63,467 | 67,929 | 9,885 | 4,283 | 17,494 | 11,362 | 27,288 | 34,639 | 31,028 | |
40,810 | 30,436 | 24,100 | 74,242 | 60,977 | 64,073 | 55,378 | 37,724 | 29,841 | 23,266 | −20,668 | 19,672 | 22,167 | 6,807 | |
15,951 | 7,581 | 19,890 | 45,670 | 43,929 | 46,898 | 46,442 | 14,432 | 6,961 | 19,192 | 20,533 | 11,993 | 13,999 | 14,358 | |
15,536 | 15,592 | 20,901 | 26,045 | 28,202 | 41,165 | 44,408 | 13,679 | 15,119 | 20,260 | 9,935 | 11,043 | 19,355 | 8,978 | |
11,652 | 6,569 | 11,814 | 34,026 | 32,418 | 31,369 | 30,676 | 9,415 | 5,783 | 11,197 | 17,380 | 14,364 | 9,605 | 7,688 | |
14,906 | 4,600 | 14,500 | 24,326 | 24,109 | 25,602 | 26,690 | 11,719 | 3,326 | 13,389 | 10,660 | 10,439 | 8,599 | 8,737 | |
10,274 | 6,797 | 4,894 | 17,741 | 14,590 | 21,282 | 19,045 | −3,002 | 763 | 1,995 | 4,909 | 2,127 | 11,770 | 7,191 | |
6,738 | 4,104 | 2,283 | 6,539 | 7,242 | 8,734 | 10,509 | 6,062 | 3,979 | 2,178 | 2,320 | 2,418 | 2,873 | 2,951 | |
1,121 | 432 | 1,380 | 9,043 | 8,027 | 8,237 | 7,067 | 463 | −24 | 1,132 | −778 | −810 | 637 | −477 | |
*Abkhazia (disp. status) *South Ossetia (disp. status) |
20,213 – – |
5,497 – – |
5,245 814 33 |
7,038 2,267 342 |
6,511 2,261 216 |
6,809 2,357 270 |
6,345 1,975 260 |
18,411 - - |
4,806 - - |
4,786 732 23 |
3,309 1,272 -282 |
2,294 1,240 83 |
2,586 1,975 180 |
2,031 1,975 96 |
203 | 54 | 110 | 2,894 | 4,768 | 5,622 | 5,032 | − | 41 | 93 | 1,282 | 1,421 | 1,437 | −185 | |
182 | 114 | 921 | 4,012 | 3,735 | 3,912 | 3,981 | 149 | 69 | 889 | 1,004 | 394 | 1,194 | 684 | |
1,753 | 3,025 | 2,621 | 3,976 | 4,153 | 3,704 | 3,247 | −38,690 | −18,433 | −1,104 | −555 | −541 | −668 | −1,962 | |
32 | 5 | 59 | 6,079 | 7,377 | 6,031 | 1,786 | −15 | 0 | 44 | −401 | 1,300 | −793 | −4,252 | |
164 | 86 | 562 | 2,091 | 1,626 | 1,600 | 1,765 | 60 | 1 | 415 | −109 | 312 | 381 | 672 | |
131 | 38 | 72 | 1,059 | 1,303 | 1,808 | 1,707 | −38 | 14 | 52 | 79 | 158 | 487 | −242 | |
358 | 68 | 150 | 1,221 | 1,107 | 1,370 | 1,270 | 304 | 14 | 128 | 190 | 352 | 704 | 328 | |
1,785 | 726 | 811 | 1,533 | 1,428 | 1,432 | 1,259 | 1,420 | 515 | 672 | 587 | 502 | 433 | 235 | |
288 | 60 | 236 | 831 | 846 | 1,183 | 1,206 | 263 | 49 | 222 | 219 | 270 | 637 | 570 | |
23 | 19 | 92 | 394 | 582 | 962 | 1,165 | 14 | 10 | 64 | 183 | 306 | 503 | 370 | |
Total | 359,330 | 177,230 | 191,656 | 598,617 | 575,158 | 589,033 | 565,685 | 213,610 | 107,432 | 158,078 | 245,384 | 261,948 | 211,878 | 124,854 |
Foreign population
Citizenship of immigrants as of 4th March 2015:[8]
1 | 2,552,884 | |
2 | 2,131,300 | |
3 | 963,489 | |
4 | 626,594 | |
5 | 562,787 | |
6 | 557,592 | |
7 | 529,953 | |
8 | 523,221 | |
9 | 484,892 | |
10 | 238,293 | |
11 | 236,932 | |
12 | 141,115 | |
13 | 109,930 | |
14 | 103,395 | |
15 | 68,963 | |
16 | 52,541 | |
17 | 50,622 | |
18 | 49,465 | |
19 | 45,445 | |
20 | 40,168 | |
21 | 37,443 | |
22 | 33,336 | |
23 | 31,916 | |
24 | 31,076 | |
25 | 30,617 | |
26 | 29,589 | |
27 | 29,499 | |
28 | 27,591 | |
29 | 26,838 | |
30 | 26,677 | |
31 | 25,809 | |
32 | 25,599 | |
33 | 25,360 | |
34 | 24,340 | |
35 | 23,958 | |
36 | 21,093 | |
37 | 15,749 | |
38 | 14,588 | |
39 | 14,233 | |
40 | 14,087 | |
41 | 12,478 | |
42 | 10,674 | |
43 | 10,587 | |
44 | 10,485 | |
45 | 9,841 | |
46 | 9,554 | |
47 | 9,433 | |
48 | 8,672 | |
49 | 8,543 | |
50 | 8,520 | |
See also
References
- Immigrate to Russia https://www.immigratetorussia.com/russian-residence-permit-2/
- "На просторах России". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- "Demographics". Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- Malakhov, Vladimir S. (9 August 2014). "Russia as a New Immigration Country: Policy Response and Public Debate" (PDF). Europe-Asia Studies. 66 (7): 1062–1079. doi:10.1080/09668136.2014.934140. ISSN 0966-8136. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- Ragozin, Leonid (March 13, 2017). "Russia Wants Immigrants the World Doesn't". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- How to Immigrate to Russia // SDV Consulting, Inc. Retrieved on 22.04.2020
- "Migration of the people" at gks.ru (Russian Statistical Bureau) website.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20150316142557/http://www.fms.gov.ru/about/statistics/data/details/54891/