Idaga Hamus (Saesi Tsaedaemba)

Edaga Hamus (Tigrigna "Thursday Market") is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located 97 kilometers north of Mekele in the Misraqawi Zone of the Tigray Region (or kilil) of Ethiopia, this town has a latitude and longitude of 14°11′N 39°34′E with an elevation of approximately 2700 meters above sea level. At this elevation, it is one of the highest towns of this size in the Tigray Region. Idaga Hamus is located on "National Road 1" (now Ethiopian Highway 2), between Freweyni and Adigrat.

Geology and soils

The following geological formations are present in this locality:[1]

The main geomorphic units, with corresponding soil types are:[2]

  • Enticho Sandstone plateau
    • Associated soil types
      • shallow sandy soils with an indurated layer which prevents rooting and drainage (Petric Plinthosol)
      • moderately deep, (light) brown, loamy to loamy sandy soil (Chromic Cambisol, Arenic Luvisol, Arenic Lixisol)
    • Inclusions
      • complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol)
      • shallow, stony, dark greyish brown clay loams and sandy loams (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol)
      • clays of floodplains with very high watertable with moderate to good natural fertility (Eutric Gleysol, Gleyic Cambisol)
  • Idaga Hamus highlands
    • Associated soil types
      • shallow, very stony, silt loamy to loamy soils (Skeletic Cambisol, Leptic Cambisol, Skeletic Regosol)
      • shallow, stony, dark greyish brown clay loams and sandy loams (Eutric Regosol and Cambisol)
      • sandy clay loams to sands developed on sandy colluvium (Eutric Arenosol, Regosol, Cambisol)
    • Inclusions
      • complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic) Leptosol)
      • Deep dark cracking clays with very good natural fertility, waterlogged during the wet season (Chromic Vertisol, Pellic Vertisol)
      • moderately deep, brown silty loamy to loamy soils (Eutric Luvisol)
See also: Soil in Sa'isi Tsa'ida Imba

Monuments

A number of rock-hewn churches have been reported near this town which include: Debre Zakarios Giyorgis and Cherqos, a collapsed one at Dengelat, Guwahigot Yesus and Yohannes.[3] The contemporary church of Maryam Techot in this town is located on the top of a stepped Aksumite platform about 2 meters high and with dressed-stone corner blocks. A monolithic pillar and other carved fragments in the area may have been salvaged from the Aksumite structure which originally stood on this platform.[4]

History
  • Records at the Nordic Africa Institute website provide details of the primary school in 1968.[3]
  • Idaga Hamus sheltered a significant number of refugees during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000.[5]

Demographics

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Idaga Hamus has an estimated total population of 8,474 of whom 3,962 are men and 4,512 are women.[6] The 1994 census reported it had a total population of 4,883 of whom 2,110 were males and 2,773 were females. Together with Freweyni, it is one larger settlements in Saesi Tsaedaemba woreda.

Notes
  1. Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F. (2019). Regional geology of the Dogu'a Tembien massif. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District. SpringerNature. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6.
  2. Nyssen, Jan; Tielens, Sander; Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael; Araya, Tigist; Teka, Kassa; Van De Wauw, Johan; Degeyndt, Karen; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amare, Kassa; Haile, Mitiku; Zenebe, Amanuel; Munro, Neil; Walraevens, Kristine; Gebrehiwot, Kindeya; Poesen, Jean; Frankl, Amaury; Tsegay, Alemtsehay; Deckers, Jozef (2019). "Understanding spatial patterns of soils for sustainable agriculture in northern Ethiopia's tropical mountains". PLoS ONE. 14 (10): e0224041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224041. PMC 6804989. PMID 31639144.
  3. "Local History in Ethiopia" Archived 2011-05-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 6 May 2008)
  4. David W. Phillipson, Ancient Churches of Ethiopia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 47
  5. Evacuee report during Eritrean-Ethiopian War
  6. CSA 2005 National Statistics Archived 2008-07-31 at the Wayback Machine, Table B.4
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