Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics

Ice hockey was introduced to the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.[1][2] The tournament also served as the 1st World Championships. The matches were played between April 23 and April 29, 1920. Canada, represented by the Winnipeg Falcons, won the gold medal.[3] The silver went to the United States and Czechoslovakia took the bronze.

Men's ice hockey
at the Games of the VII Olympiad
Picture of the Gold Medal-winning Winnipeg Falcons taken en route to the 1920 Olympics (photo includes an unidentified ships' officer and a woman)
VenuePalais de Glace d'Anvers
DatesApril 23–29
Competitors60 from 7 nations
Medalists
Winnipeg Falcons
 Canada
United States national men's ice hockey team
 United States
Czechoslovakia national ice hockey team
 Czechoslovakia

Summary

The organizing committee for the hockey matches included Paul Loicq, the captain of the Belgian team and a future president of the International Ice Hockey Federation.[4] The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams.[5]

All matches took place in the Palais de Glace d'Anvers (ice palace of Antwerp).[3] The rink was smaller than North American standards, measuring 56 metres (184 ft) long by 18 metres (59 ft) wide. All games were played with seven players per side, with the rover position being used. The duration of each game was two periods of twenty minutes each.[3] If any game had been tied at the end of the 40th minute, an additional two periods of five minutes each (ten minutes total) would have been added. And this process of adding two periods of five minutes each would have continued if the score were still tied at the end of any ten-minute addendum.

This was the first ice hockey tournament at an Olympic Games, and the only ever instance of it at a Summer Olympics.[3] An ice hockey tournament was part of the inaugural Winter Olympics in 1924 and has been part of every Winter programme since then.

Medalists

Palais de Glace d'Anvers ice rink where the ice hockey tournament was held.
Gold Silver Bronze
 Canada (CAN)
Robert Benson
Walter Byron
Frank Fredrickson
Chris Fridfinnson
Magnus Goodman
Haldor Halderson
Konrad Johannesson
Allan Woodman
 United States (USA)
Raymond Bonney
Anthony Conroy
Herbert Drury
Edward Fitzgerald
George Geran
Frank Goheen
Joseph McCormick
Lawrence McCormick
Frank Synott
Leon Tuck
Cyril Weidenborner
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Karel Hartmann
Vilém Loos
Jan Palouš
Jan Peka
Karel Pešek
Josef Šroubek
Otakar Vindyš
Karel Wälzer

Participating nations

A total of 60 ice hockey players from 7 nations competed at the Antwerp Games:

Final tournament

Seven nations entered teams in the inaugural Olympic ice hockey tournament. The tournament format used the Bergvall system, starting with an elimination round to determine the gold medal winner. With seven teams in the tournament, France received a bye in the first round.

Gold medal round (premier prix)

Quarterfinals Semifinals Final
 Canada 15  
 Czechoslovakia 0      Canada 2  
 United States 29      United States 0  
  Switzerland 0        Canada 12
 Sweden 8        Sweden 1
 Belgium 0      Sweden 4
         France 0    
     

Silver medal round (second prix)

The three teams defeated by Canada in the gold medal round then played against each other to determine the second place team. Czechoslovakia received a bye into the silver medal game.

  Semifinal     Final
                 
     United States 16
   United States 7      Czechoslovakia 0
   Sweden 0  

Bronze medal round (troisième prix)

Lastly, the three remaining teams that were previously defeated by first place Canada or the second place United States played against each other to determine the third place team. Unlike the gold and silver tournaments, a blind draw was not held: as the organizers wanted to finish the tournament on time, and were reluctant to allow a team to play twice in one day, Czechoslovakia received a bye into the bronze medal game.[6]

  Semifinal     Final
                 
     Sweden 0
   Sweden 4      Czechoslovakia 1
    Switzerland 0  

Matches - Gold medal round

Quarter-Finals
April 23 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Sweden (SWE) 8 - 0  Belgium (BEL)
Teams: Howander; Svensson, Lundell; Molander; Burman, Lindqvist (capt.), Johansson (5 - 0) Vergult; van Volckxsom, van Volxem; Goeminne; Loicq, Goossens, Deprez
Goals: 1:0 Burman, 2:0 Johansson, 3:0 Burman, 4:0 Lindqvist, 5:0 Burman, 6:0 Johansson, 7:0 Molander, 8:0 Lindqvist
Referee: W. A. Hewitt (CAN)

April 24 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  United States (USA) 29 - 0  Switzerland (SUI)
Teams: Bonney; Tuck, Fitzgerald (capt.); Goheen; J. McCormick, Drury, Conroy (15 - 0) Savoie; Jaccard, Lob; Dufour; Holzboer, Sillig, Cuendet
Goals: Conroy (8), J. McCormick (7), Goheen (6), Drury (6), Fitzgerald, Tuck
Referee: Raoul Le Mat (USA)

April 24 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Canada (CAN) 15 - 0  Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Teams: Byron; Johannesson, Benson; Woodman; Goodman, Fredrickson (capt.), Halderson (7 - 0) Peka; Vindyš, Palouš; Hartmann; Pešek, Šroubek (capt.), Loos
Goals: Halderson (7), Fredrickson (4), Goodman (2), Woodman, Johannesson
Referee: ?
Semi-Finals
April 25 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Sweden (SWE) 4 - 0  France (FRA)
Teams: Howander; Lindqvist (capt.), Lundell; Molander; Burman, Svensson, Johansson (2 - 0) Gaittet; Couttet, Chaland; Charpentier; de Rauch, Quaglia, Dary
Goals: 1:0 Burman, 2:0 Svensson, 3:0 Molander, 4:0 Lindqvist
Referee: Garon (CAN)

April 25 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Canada (CAN) 2 - 0  United States (USA)
Teams: Byron; Johannesson, Benson; Woodman; Goodman, Fredrickson (capt.), Halderson (0 - 0) Bonney; Geran, Fitzgerald (capt.); Goheen; J. McCormick, Drury, Conroy
Goals: 1:0 Fredrickson, 2:0 Johannesson
Referee: Alfred de Rauch (FRA)
Gold Medal Match
April 26 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Canada (CAN) 12 - 1  Sweden (SWE)
Teams: Byron; Johannesson, Benson; Fridfinnson; Goodman, Fredrickson (capt.), Halderson (5 - 1) Howander; Lindqvist (capt.), Arwe; Svensson; Burman, Mattsson, Johansson
Goals: 1:0 (1:15) Halderson, 2:0 (1:55) Fridfinnson, 3:0 (5:20) Fredrickson, 3:1 (15:58) Svensson, 4:1 (16:00) Fredrickson, 5:1 (17:35) Fredrickson, 6:1 (23:47) Goodman,
7:1 (28:09) Benson, 8:1 (29:15) Fredrickson, 9:1 (29:30) Fredrickson, 10:1 (34:55) Fredrickson, 11:1 (36:20) Halderson, 12:1 (39:02) Fredrickson
Referee: Joseph McCormick (USA)

Matches - Silver medal round


Semi-Finals
April 27 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  United States (USA) 7 - 0  Sweden (SWE)
Teams: Weidenborner; Geran, Tuck; Goheen; Synott (capt.), Drury, Conroy (5 - 0) Howander; Lindqvist (capt.), Lundell; Arwe; Burman, Svensson, Johansson
Goals: Drury (4), Geran (3)
Referee: ?
Silver Medal Match
April 28 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  United States (USA) 16 - 0  Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Teams: Weidenborner; Fitzgerald, Goheen; Synott; J. McCormick (capt.), L. McCormick, Conroy (7 - 0) Peka; Vindyš, Palouš; Hartmann; Pešek, Šroubek (capt.), Loos
Goals: L. McCormick (7), Drury (4), Conroy (2), J. McCormick, Goheen, Synott
Referee: Paul Loicq (BEL)

Matches - Bronze medal round


Semi-Finals
April 28 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Sweden (SWE) 4 - 0  Switzerland (SUI)
Teams: Jansson; Lindqvist (capt.), Lundell; Molander; Säfwenberg, Arwe, Johansson (5 - 0) Savoie; Jaccard, Lob; Dufour; Leuzinger, Sillig, Cuendet
Goals: 1:0 Säfwenberg, 2:0 Johansson, 3:0 Arwe, 4:0 Arwe
Referee: Frank Fredrickson (CAN)
Bronze Medal Match
April 29 Palais de Glace d'Anvers  Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 - 0  Sweden (SWE)
Teams: Wälzer; Vindyš, Palouš; Hartmann; Pešek, Šroubek (capt.), Loos (1 - 0) Howander; Lindqvist (capt.), Lundell; Molander; Burman, Svensson, Johansson
Goals: 1:0 Šroubek
Referee: Frank Fredrickson (CAN)


 1920 Summer Olympics Champions 

Canada
First title

Statistics

Average age

Team France was the oldest team in the tournament, averaging 32 years and 11 months. Gold medalists team Canada was the youngest team in the tournament, averaging 24 years and 5 months. Tournament average was 26 years and 9 months.[7]

Top scorer

Team GP G A Pts
Herbert Drury 414014

Final ranking

Rank Team GP W L GF GA
1 Canada (CAN)330291
2 United States (USA)431522
3 Czechoslovakia (TCH)312131
4 Sweden (SWE)6331720
5 Switzerland (SUI)202033
6 France (FRA)10104
7 Belgium (BEL)10108

References

  1. Justin Felisko. "When Ice Hockey Was A Summer Sport". USA Hockey Magazine. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
  2. "Ice Hockey at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  3. Smith, Stephen (23 April 2020). "Remembering Canada's first Olympic hockey gold: Winning gold 100 years ago in Antwerp, Belgium, Canada's team set a standard for Olympic hockey dominance that would last for three more successive Games". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  4. Hansen, Kenth (May 1996). "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920". LA84 Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  5. "Story #21: Ice Hockey debuts at the Olympics". International Ice Hockey Federation. 2008. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
  6. Hansen, Kenth (May 1996). "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920". LA84 Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  7. "Team Canada - Olympics - Antwerpen 1920 - Player Stats". QuantHockey. Retrieved 23 April 2020.

Bibliography

  • Hansen, Kenth (May 1996), "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920", Citius, Altiu, Fortius, 4 (2): 5–27
  • Wallechinsky, David; Loucky, Jaime (2005), The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: Turin 2006 Edition, Wilmington, Delaware: Sport Media Publishing, ISBN 1-894963-45-8
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