IBM PS/1

The IBM PS/1 is a brand for a line of personal computers that marked IBM's return to the home market in 1990, five years after the IBM PCjr. It was replaced by the IBM Aptiva in September 1994.

Not to be confused with the original Sony Playstation video game console (known informally as the PS1), or its redesigned version, the PSone.
IBM PS/1 (model 2011)
An IBM Personal System 1 model 2011
TypePersonal computer
Release date1990 (1990)
Operating systemPC DOS 4.01 (in ROM)
CPUIntel 80286 @ 10 MHz
Memory512 KB ~ 1 MB
IBM PS/1 (model 2121)
TypePersonal computer
Release date1992
Discontinued1993
Operating systemPC DOS 4.01 (in ROM)
CPUIntel 80386SX @ 16 MHz ~ 20 MHz
Memory2 MB ~ 6 MB
IBM PS/1 (model 2133)
TypePersonal computer
Release date1992
Discontinued1993
Operating systemPC DOS 4.01
CPUIntel 80386SX @ 25 MHz or 80486SX @ 20 MHz or 80486SX @ 25 MHz or 80486DX @ 33 MHz
Memory2 MB ~ 16 MB (2-4MB on-board)
IBM PS/1 (model 2155)
TypePersonal computer
Release date1993
Discontinued1994
Operating systemPC DOS 6.00 / Windows 3.1
CPUIntel 80486SX @ 25 MHz or Intel 80486SX @ 33 MHz
Memory2 MB ~ 6 MB

Position among IBM's PC brands

Like the PCjr, the PS/1's name suggested a more limited machine than IBM's business line, the PS/2. However, unlike the PS/2, the PS/1 was based upon architecture closer to the AT and compatibles, such as using ISA, plain VGA, and IDE. The PS/1 line was created for new computer users and was sold in consumer electronics stores alongside comparable offerings from Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Packard Bell, and others. American PS/1 models came with a modem installed so users could access online IBM help services, which were provided by partnerships with Prodigy and Quantum. Although the first models used custom-designed components and design, later desktop and tower models used mostly standard components. The earlier models included a ROM with IBM's PC DOS and a graphical shell, however the system was compatible with other DOS implementations and the shell could be installed on the hard drive. Later models included a feature called "Rapid Resume"[1] which gave the computers the ability to go into standby mode as well as a hibernation function. There were several form factors used during the PS/1's production:

  • 2011 Proprietary design, power supply is within CRT
  • 2121 Proprietary design, power supply is within CRT, up to two available ISA slots
  • 2123 Limited-production model. Based on IBM PS/2 model 30 case, three available ISA slots
  • 2133 Desktop case. The 3x3 references the available slots and drive bays.
  • 2155 Desktop case larger than 2133. The 5x5 references the available slots and drive bays. Including a 5.25" bay.
  • 2168 Tower unit. The 6x8 references the available slots and bays. Including 5.25" bays.

The 2133 and 2155 cases were used in several model years with the 2168 tower unit appearing a bit later.

Models 2011 and 2121

The original PS/1 (Model 2011), based on a 9 MHz Intel 80286 CPU, was designed to be easy to set up and use. It featured 512 KB or 1 MB of memory, built-in modem (American models only) and an optional 30 MB hard disk. IBM also released a 5.25" disk drive unit, a $169 ISA Adapter Card Unit (ACU) [2] to install third-party expansion cards, and a $995 CD-ROM drive, based on a Western Digital SCSI chip, that fit underneath the case.[3] Some of the lower-end PS/1 models suffered from very limited expansion capabilities, since they lacked standard ISA expansion slots.

The 2121 series computers used the same form factor as the 2011 series, but included up to two ISA slots inside the case. Memory could be expanded from 2MB to 6MB using a proprietary 4 MB memory module. The higher-end 2121 featured an Intel 80386SX processor running at 16  or 20 MHz.

The 2121 series PS/1 computers can be split into the following major hardware categories:[3][4]

Model US List MB FRU CPU ISA Slots RAM VRAM Hard-Drive Serial / Modem
2121-C42 $1,699 92F9690 Intel 80386SX @ 16 MHz 0 2 MB 256KB 95F4720 (40 MB IDE) 2400 baud modem
2121-B82 $2,199 92F9690 Intel 80386SX @ 16 MHz 2 2 MB 256KB 92F9943 (80 MB IDE) 2400 baud modem
2121-C92 ? ? Intel 80386SX @ 16 MHz 0 2 MB 256KB 129 MB IDE 2400 baud modem
2121-G42 ? ? Intel 80386SX @ 20 MHz 0 2 MB 256KB 40 MB IDE 2400 baud modem
2121-A82 ? ? Intel 80386SX @ 20 MHz 2 2 MB 256KB 40 MB IDE 2400 baud modem
2121-S92 ? ? Intel 80386SX @ 20 MHz 0 2 MB 256KB 129 MB IDE 2400 baud modem
2121-M82 ? ? Intel 80386SX @ 20 MHz 2 2 MB 256KB 80 MB IDE 2400 baud modem
2121-A62 ? ? ? 2 ? MB 256KB 56F8863 (160 MB IDE) 2400 baud modem
2121-A92 ? ? ? ? ? MB 256KB ? MB IDE serial port
2121-A94 ? ? Intel 80386SX @ 20 MHz 2 6 MB 256KB 129 MB IDE 2400 baud modem

Monitors IBM made the decision to put the DC power supply in the monitor, making use of third-party monitors difficult and essentially impractical and limiting the usefulness of the computer if the monitor needed service (similar to the problems of the Coleco Adam and Amstrad 1512 years earlier). Some models were sold with greyscale VGA monitors. However, some hobbyists could manage to remap the pinouts to allow for third party monitors.

"DOS in ROM" Similar to a few Tandy 1000 models, the early 2011 and 2121 had an operating system (PC DOS 4.01) built into ROM, rather than loading it from a hard drive. The ROM disk would then load a "4-quad" screen which allowed users to access help, rapidly launch pre-installed software, connect online, and access files on the hard drive. It was possible to have the computer boot from the hard drive if the operating system was upgraded, and IBM provided a DOS 6.22-compatible version of the "4-quad" program that could be launched from the hard drive if users wished to continue using it.[5]

Model 2133

The 2133 series PS/1 computers can be split into the following major hardware categories:[6][7]

Model MB FRU CPU RAM SIMM Video chip VRAM Hard-Drive Notes
2133-711 93F2397 Intel 80386SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 2×72 Pin FPM 256KB 59G9567 (85 MB IDE)
2133-811 Intel 80386SX @ 25 MHz 4 MB 85 MB IDE
2133-13 ??? Intel 80386SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 2x72 Pin FPM 256KB ???
2133-W13 Intel 80386SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 129 MB IDE
2133-13T 65G3766 Intel 80486SX @ 25 MHz 4 MB 2×72 Pin FPM 256KB 93F2329 (129 MB IDE)
2133-?43 34G1885 Intel 80486SX @ 20 MHz 4 MB 2×30 Pin FPM 512KB 93F2329 (129 MB IDE)
2133-?50 34G1848 Intel 80486SX @ 25 MHz 4 MB 2×30 Pin FPM 512KB 93F2329 (129 MB IDE)
2133-?53 34G1848 Intel 80486SX @ 25 MHz 4 MB 2×30 Pin FPM 512KB 93F2329 (129 MB IDE)
2133-652 Intel 80486SX @ 33 MHz 4 MB 4×72 Pin FPM Cirrus CL-GD5424 512KB 84G3927 (171 MB IDE)
2133-575 Intel 80486DX @ 33 MHz 4 MB 4×72 Pin FPM 512KB 170 MB IDE
2133-594 Intel 80486DX2 @ 66 MHz 4 MB 4×72 Pin FPM 512KB 253 MB IDE
2133-E11 Intel 80386SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 2×72 Pin FPM Cirrus CL-GD5424 512 KB 85 MB IDE Canada models, English model
2133-F11 Intel 80386SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 2×72 Pin FPM Cirrus CL-GD5424 512 KB 85 MB IDE Canada models, French model
2133-E43 Intel 80486SX @ 20 MHz 2 MB 8×30 Pin FPM Tseng ET4000 512 KB 129 MB IDE Canada models, English model
2133-F43 Intel 80486SX @ 20 MHz 2 MB 8×30 Pin FPM Tseng ET4000 512 KB 129 MB IDE Canada models, French model
2133-E53 Intel 80486SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 8×30 Pin FPM Tseng ET4000 512 KB 129 MB IDE Canada models, English model
2133-F53 Intel 80486SX @ 25 MHz 2 MB 8×30 Pin FPM Tseng ET4000 512 KB 129 MB IDE Canada models, French model

Post-"DOS in ROM" models

On May 11, 1993, IBM introduced a "new generation" of the PS/1 line.[8] Later PS/1s featured standard LPX-architecture motherboard. Many of these later PS/1s shipped from the factory with MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, rather than IBM's PC DOS or OS/2. An early 2133 model did come preloaded with OS/2 2.1. This was because IBM targeted OS/2 for high-end computing machines with more power.

Discontinuation

The PS/1 line was discontinued in 1994 and replaced with the Aptiva line, which was architecturally very similar to the later models of the PS/1, but with a more marketing-friendly name. Aptivas were sold in the United States until early 2000, when price pressures made the line unprofitable and IBM withdrew from the retail desktop PC market entirely.

See also

References
  1. Lewis, Peter H. (1993-10-12). "PERSONAL COMPUTERS; I.B.M. Puts More Power in PS/1's". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
  2. Ed Scannell (2 July 1990). PS/1 Targets Elusive Market. InfoWorld. 12.27. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 8. ISSN 0199-6649.
  3. Jonathan Matzkin (17 December 1991). Are Home PCs Good Enough For Your Friends?. PC Magazine. 10.21. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 195. ISSN 0888-8507.
  4. PS/1 - 2121 System Information, Document ID: MWER-3S2UQG
  5. PS/1 - After installing MS-DOS 6.22, can I restore my 4-quadrant menu screen? Document ID: DETR-3UFPEY
  6. "PS/1 - 2133 18A/21C/23C/52D (SL-B) Service parts". IBM. 1999-03-08. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  7. "Hardware Maintenance Service for PS1 computer (Machine Types 2133, 2155, and 2168)". IBM Corporation. March 1993. 63G2028. Cite journal requires |journal= (help).
  8. Lewis, Peter H. (1993-05-11). "PERSONAL COMPUTERS; From Stepchild to Favorite Son". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
Preceded by
IBM PCjr		 IBM Personal Computers Succeeded by
IBM Aptiva
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