History of War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

This article summarizes the history of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present). It currently runs through 2017. For more recent information see the main article on that war.

2018 - present

2018
Further information: 2018 in Afghanistan, Battle of Darzab (2018), and Ghazni offensive

In January 2018, the BBC reported that the Taliban are openly active in 70% of the country (being in full control of 14 districts and have an active and open physical presence in a further 263) and that Islamic State is more active in the country than ever before. Following attacks by the Taliban and Islamic State that killed scores of civilians, President Trump and Afghan officials decided to rule out any talks with the Taliban.[403]

Curtis Scaparrotti, the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, and Kay Bailey Hutchison with Brig. Gen. Wolf-Jürgen Stahl in Afghanistan in February 2018

On 15 February 2018, The New York Times reported the rise of Afghan civilians being intentionally targeted by the Taliban, based on an annual United Nations report released a week earlier. This report offered a detailed assessment of the 16-year Afghan war, showing the rise of complex bombing attacks deliberately targeting civilians in 2017, having 10,453 Afghan civilians wounded or killed.[404] As the US and Afghan government are publishing fewer statistics, the U.N. report is one of the most reliable indicators about the war's impact by 2018. The report emphasizes the rise of "complex attacks", a type of suicide assault that is becoming more deadly, described by the New York Times as the hallmark of the war in 2018. These attacks are referred to as the Taliban's ferocious response to US President Trump's new strategy of war (an increased pace of aerial bombardments targeting Taliban and Islamic State Militants), giving the message that the Taliban can strike at will, even in the capital city, Kabul. The U.N. report included a statement showing the Taliban's position, the Taliban blamed the U.S and its allies for fighting the war in Afghanistan, and it denied targeting civilians. The New York Times quoted Atiqullah Amarkhel, a retired general and military analyst based in Kabul, saying that the UN report proved the failure of peace talks, as the Taliban and the US government are both determined for victory rather than negotiating a settlement. He said "More airstrikes mean more suicide attacks," proving the intensification of the war by 2018.[405]

In July the Taliban carried out the Darzab offensive and captured Darzab District following the surrender of ISIL-K to the Afghan Government.

In August 2018, the Taliban launched a series of offensives, the largest being the Ghazni offensive. During the Ghazni offensive, the Taliban seized Ghazni, Afghanistan's sixth-largest city for several days but eventually retreated. The Taliban were successful in killing hundreds of Afghan soldiers and police and captured several government bases and districts.

Following the offensives Erik Prince, the private military contractor and former head of Blackwater, advocated additional privatization of the war.[406][407] However, the then-US Defense Secretary James Mattis rebuked the idea, saying, “When Americans put their nation's credibility on the line, privatizing it is probably not a wise idea.”[408]

In September 2018, the United Nations raised concerns over the increasing number of civilian casualties due to air strikes in Afghanistan. The US air force dropped around 3,000 bombs in the first six months of the year, to force Taliban militants for peace talks. In a statement issued by the UNAMA, it reminded all the parties involved in the conflict "to uphold their obligations to protect civilians from harm.”[409]

On 17 October 2018, days before parliamentary election, Abdul Jabar Qahraman, an election candidate was killed in an attack by the Taliban. The Taliban issued a statement, warning teachers and students to not participate in the upcoming elections or use schools as polling centers.[410]

On 17 December 2018, US diplomats held talks with the Taliban, at the United Arab Emirates on possibly ending the war. The Taliban gave conditions of a pullout date for US-led troops before any talks with the Kabul government and has demanded that Washington not oppose the establishment of an Islamist government. However, the US officials have insisted on keeping some troops and at least a couple of bases in the country. The meeting was described by US officials as “part of efforts by the United States and other international partners to promote an intra-Afghan dialogue aimed at ending the conflict in Afghanistan.”[411]

2019
Ongoing armed conflicts in June 2019.
  Major wars, 10,000 or more deaths in current or past year

On 25 January 2019, Afghanistan's president Ashraf Ghani said that more than 45,000 members of the Afghan security forces had been killed since he became president in 2014. He also said that there had been fewer than 72 international casualties during the same period.[412] A January 2019 report by the US government estimated that 53.8% of Afghanistan's districts were controlled or influenced by the government, with 33.9% contested and 12.3% under insurgent control or influence.[413]

On 4 February 2019, the Taliban attacked a checkpoint in northern Baghlan province. 21 people, including 11 policemen were killed. The same day, another attack took place in northern Samangan province that killed 10 people.[414]

On 25 February 2019, peace talks began between the Taliban and the United States in Qatar, with the Taliban co-founder Abdul Ghani Barada notably present. US special envoy Zalmay Khalilzad reported that this round of negotiations was "more productive than they have been in the past" and that a draft version of a peace agreement had been agreed upon. The deal involved the withdrawal of US and international troops from Afghanistan and the Taliban not allowing other jihadist groups to operate within the country. The Taliban also reported that progress was being made in the negotiations.[415]

On 1 March 2019, the Taliban led an assault against Shorab military base, in Helmand, killing 23 security forces and wounding 20.[416]

On 30 April 2019, Afghan government forces undertook clearing operations directed against both ISIS-K and the Taliban in eastern Nangarhar Province, after the two groups fought for over a week over a group of villages in an area of illegal talc mining. The National Directorate of Security claimed 22 ISIS-K fighters were killed and two weapons caches destroyed, while the Taliban claimed US-backed Afghan forces killed seven civilians; a provincial official said over 9,000 families had been displaced by the fighting.[417]

On 28 July 2019, President Ashraf Ghani’s running mate Amrullah Saleh’s office was attacked by a suicide bomber and a few militants. At least 20 people were killed and 50 injured, with Saleh also amongst the injured ones. During the six-hour-long operation, more than 150 civilians were rescued and three militants were killed.[418]

Military situation, as of 2019
  Under control of the Afghan government and NATO
  Under control of the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and Allies

By August, the Taliban controlled more territory than at any point since 2001.[419] The Washington Post reported that the US was close to reaching a peace deal with the Taliban and was preparing to withdraw 5,000 troops from Afghanistan.[420] The same month, however, it was later confirmed that some Taliban leaders, including Taliban emir Hibatullah Akhunzada's brother Hafiz Ahmadullah and some other relatives,[421] were killed in a bomb blast at the Khair Ul Madarais mosque, which was located in the Quetta suburb of Kuchlak and had long served as the main meeting place of members of the Taliban.[422][422][421] In September, the US canceled the negotiations.[423]

On 3 September 2019, the Taliban claimed responsibility for the suicide attack in Afghanistan’s capital, targeting the Green Village Compound in Kabul. According to the reports, nearly 16 civilians died, while 119 were reported to be injured.[424]

On 15 September 2019, 38 Taliban fighters, including two senior commanders, were killed in a joint US-Afghan military operation.[425]

On 17 September 2019, a suicide bomber attacked the campaign rally of President Ashraf Ghani, killing 26 people and wounding 42. Less than an hour later, the Taliban carried out another suicide bomb attack near the US Embassy and the Afghan Defense Ministry, killing 22 people and wounded around 38.[426]

On 27 October 2019, 80 Taliban fighters were killed as a result of joint Afghan-US military operations in Kandahar and Faryab.[427]

2020
US representative Zalmay Khalilzad (left) and Taliban representative Abdul Ghani Baradar (right) sign the Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan in Doha, Qatar on 29 February 2020

Peace negotiations had resumed in December 2019.[428] This round of talks resulted in a seven-day partial ceasefire which began on 22 February 2020.[429] On 29 February, the United States and the Taliban signed a conditional peace deal in Doha, Qatar[430] that called for a prisoner exchange within ten days and was supposed to lead to U.S. troops withdrawal from Afghanistan within 14 months.[431][432] However, the Afghan government was not a party to the deal, and, in a press conference the next day, President Ghani criticized the deal for being "signed behind closed doors." He said the Afghan government had "made no commitment to free 5,000 Taliban prisoners" and that such an action "is not the United States' authority, but it is the authority of the government of Afghanistan.”[433][434][435][436] Ghani also stated that any prisoner exchange "cannot be a prerequisite for talks" but rather must be negotiated within the talks.[437]

The Taliban resumed offensive operations against the Afghan army and police on 3 March, conducting attacks in Kunduz and Helmand provinces.[438] On 4 March, the United States retaliated by launching an air strike against Taliban fighters in Helmand.[439]

On 6 March, ISIS-K killed 32 people in a mass shooting in Kabul.[440] Between 3 and 27 March, the Taliban claimed 405 attacks against Afghan security forces.[441]

On 20 April 2020, Taliban in another attack killed at least 23 Afghan troops and nine civilians.[442]

In April 2020, the New York Times documented Afghan war casualties from 27 March until 23 April and informed that at least 262 pro-government forces, alongside 50 civilians have been killed in almost a month’s time. Additionally, hundreds of civilians and Afghan forces also got injured.[443]

On 2 May 2020, Afghan authorities released at least 100 Taliban members from prison in Kabul. This came in response to the peace deal with the US, which the Taliban argues assured them their 5,000 inmates being released. However, the Afghan government, which denied release and any authority by the US over decision, has now agreed to free 1500 members of the militia organization. [444]

At 10 AM on 12 May 2020 in Kabul, three gunmen wearing police uniforms carried out a mass shooting in the maternity ward of a hospital in Kabul.[445] The hospital is located in the Shi'ite Hazara neighborhood of Dashte Barchi. The hospital is assisted by Médecins Sans Frontières personnel.[446] The attackers killed 24 people, including two newborn babies[447] and injured another 16. All of the attackers were killed by Afghan security forces and their mentoring Norwegian special forces.[448][449][445][450]According to Frederic Bonnot, Médecins Sans Frontières' head of programs in Afghanistan: "I went back the day after the attack and what I saw in the maternity (ward) demonstrates it was a systematic shooting of the mothers. They went through the rooms in the maternity (ward), shooting women in their beds. It was methodical. Walls sprayed with bullets, blood on the floors in the rooms, vehicles burnt out and windows shot through." Bonnot added: "It’s shocking. We know this area has suffered attacks in the past, but no one could believe they would attack a maternity. They came to kill the mothers."[451]. About an hour after the Kabul attack, a suicide bombing took place in Kuz Kunar District, Nangarhar Province at the funeral of Shaikh Akram, a police commander who died of a heart attack a day before, killing 32 people.[449][445] 133 others were injured, some severely.[452][453] Two days later, the Taliban carried out a retaliation attack near a court in Gardez, Paktia: a suicide truck bomber tried to explode himself outside a military compound, but exploded before its destination. The attack resulted in five civilians killed and at least 29 others injured. The Taliban claimed this as a revenge attack, after President Ashraf Ghani blamed the group for the attack at the maternity hospital; the Taliban denied responsibility for that attack.[454]

References
  1. "Special forces and horses". 1 November 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  2. Zimmerman, Dwight Jon (16 September 2011). "21st Century Horse Soldiers – Special Operations Forces and Operation Enduring Freedom". Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  3. "Units Credited With Assault Landings" (PDF). army.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  4. Moore, J. Daniel. "First In: An Insider's Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan". Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  5. "5th Special Forces Group "Task Force Dagger" Commemorative Challenge Coin Versions 1 – 5". The Commander's Challenge. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  6. "Jawbreaker – CIA Special Activities Division". Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  7. "Task Force Dagger – Operation Enduring Freedom". Retrieved 13 January 2012. page 127ff
  8. Gresham, John (12 September 2011). "The Campaign Plan – Special Operations Forces and Operation Enduring Freedom". Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  9. https://www.c-span.org/video/?460180-2/syria-middle-east-security-michael-mulroy-remarks
  10. Vulliamy, Ed; Wintour, Patrick; Traynor, Ian; Ahmed, Kamal (7 October 2001). "After the September Eleventh Terrorist attacks on America, "It's time for war, Bush and Blair tell Taliban – We're ready to go in – PM|Planes shot at over Kabul"". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  11. "Canada in Afghanistan: 2001". National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  12. Barzilai, Yaniv (30 January 2017). "How Al Qaeda Escaped Afghanistan and Lived to Fight Another Day". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  13. ISAF in Afghanistan CDI, Terrorism Project – 14 February 2002. Archived 14 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  14. "ISAF Chronology". Nato.int. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  15. Felbab-Brown, Vanda (2012). "Slip-Sliding on a Yellow Brick Road: Stabilization Efforts in Afghanistan". Stability: International Journal of Security and Development. 1 (1): 4–19. doi:10.5334/sta.af.
  16. "U.S. remains on trail of bin Laden, Taliban leader". CNN. 14 March 2002. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  17. Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN 978-1472807908, p.83
  18. "Leaflet War Rages in Afghan Countryside". Associated Press. 14 February 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  19. "globalsecurity.org". Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  20. Spc. Marie Schult. "Operation Valiant Strike" (PDF). ASUSA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  21. The Associated Press. "Troops Rush Afghanistan in Taliban hunt". The Gainesville Sun. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  22. Tohid, Owias & Baldauf, Scott (8 May 2003). "Taliban appears to be regrouped and well-funded". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
  23. Tohid, Owias (27 June 2003). "Taliban regroups – on the road". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 28 February 2007.
  24. The Associated Press. "Troops Rush Afghanistan in Taliban hunt". The Gainesville Sun. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  25. Rubin, Alyssa J. (22 December 2009). "NATO Chief Promises to Stand by Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  26. "The Taliban Resurgence in Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 27 September 2006.
  27. Rothstein, Hy S (15 August 2006). Afghanistan: and the troubled future of unconventional warfare By Hy S. Rothstein. ISBN 978-81-7049-306-8.
  28. Asbury Park
  29. Asbury Park
  30. Ghosh, Bobby; Thompson, Mark (1 June 2009). "The CIA's Silent War in Pakistan". Time. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  31. Miller, Greg; Tate, Julie (1 September 2011). "CIA shifts focus to killing targets". Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
  32. Gall, Carlotta (13 November 2004). "Asia: Afghanistan: Taliban Leader Vows Return". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  34. Darack, Ed, Topographic Map by Ed Darack used in Victory Point of Named Areas of Interest on Sawtalo Sar for Operation Red Wings, Darack.com, retrieved 2012-02-06
  35. Darack, Ed, Operation Red Wings, Operation Whalers, and the book VICTORY POINT in which they are comprehensively documented, Darack.com, retrieved 2011-06-13
  36. MacMannis, Colonel Andrew (USMC) and Scott, Major Robert (USMC), Operation Red Wings: A Joint Failure in Unity of Command, Pages 14–20, Marine Corps Association / Marine Corps Gazette, archived from the original on 2007-10-28, retrieved 2012-02-05CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. BBC (August 22, 2005), Afghan Raids 'kill 100 militants', news.bbc.co.uk, retrieved 2012-02-08
  39. "UK troops take over Afghan duties". BBC News. 1 May 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  40. "Canada set for longer Afghan stay". BBC News. 16 May 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  41. "Australia outlines Afghan force". BBC News. 8 May 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  42. "Denmark". centcom.mil. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  43. "defensenews.com". Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  44. "Taleban vow to defeat UK troops". BBC News. 7 June 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  45. Pajhwok Afghan News, US lawmakers laud Afghan progress under Karzai (December 6, 2007)
  46. "npr: Truck Accident Sparks Riots in Afghanistan". 29 May 2006. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  47. Constable, Pamela (1 June 2006). "U.S. troops fired at mob after Kabul accident". The Washington Post. Washington. p. 1. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  48. "afnorth.nato.int". Archived from the original on 13 September 2006. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  49. "British Ministry of Defence". Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  50. "British Ministry of Defence". Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  51. "British Ministry of Defence". Archived from the original on 8 May 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  52. "British Ministry of Defence". Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  53. "Outgoing Commander Says U.S. Commitment Will Live On in Afghanistan". U.S. Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  54. "Pentagon inquiry finds U.S. Marine unit killed Afghan civilians".
  55. Gall, Carlotta (15 April 2007). "Marines' Actions in Afghanistan Called Excessive' Actions in Afghanistan Called Excessive". The New York Times.
  56. "Marine Unit Is Told To Leave Afghanistan". The Washington Post. 24 March 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
  57. Baker, Peter (11 March 2007). "Additional Troop Increase Approved". The Washington Post. p. A11. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  58. "171635Z PRT SHARANA DAILY REPORT". Wikileaks. Wikileaks. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  59. Baczynska, Gabriela. "Polish court acquits 7 soldiers over Afghan deaths". Reuters. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  60. "Battle 'kills dozens of Taleban'". BBC News. 28 October 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  61. Rhode, David. "Held by the Taliban". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  62. "Foreign Fighters of Harsher Bent Bolster Taliban". The New York Times. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  63. "Afghan forces 'kill top militant'". BBC News. 2 November 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  64. "6 U.S. troops die in Afghan ambush". CNN. 10 November 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  65. ""Time is now right" for retaking Musa Qaleh – Browne". Defence News. British Ministry of Defence. 7 December 2007. Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
  66. Karen DeYoung; Jonathan Weisman (23 July 2008). "Obama Shifts the Foreign Policy Debate". The Washington Post. p. A08. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
  67. "U.S. Forces in Afghanistan" (PDF). Research Services Report for Congress. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  68. The Guardian. 'Bush announces withdrawal of 8,000 troops from Iraq'. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
  69. "Extra UK troops for Afghanistan". BBC News. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  70. "Brown in tribute to Afghan dead". BBC News. 9 June 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  71. "Insurgent attack frees hundreds from Kandahar prison". CBC News. 14 June 2008.
  72. "Afghan ambush kills French troops". BBC News. 19 August 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
  73. Leithead, Alastair (2 September 2008). "UK troops in huge turbine mission". BBC News. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
  74. Pakistan reacts with fury after up to 20 die in 'American' attack on its soil The Guardian Retrieved on 12 September 2008
  75. "Pakistan fury over 'US assault'". BBC News. 4 September 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  76. Pakistan cuts supply lines to Nato forces Archived 12 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 12 September 2008
  77. "US deaths in Afghanistan makes 2008 deadliest year", The Washington Times. Retrieved on 14 September 2008 Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  78. "OEF: Afghanistan: Fatalities By Year". icasualties.org. 9 September 2005. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  79. "Militant attack burns NATO supply containers". CNN. 7 December 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  80. Zein Basravi (12 December 2008). "Police: Militants destroy NATO trucks". CNN. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  81. "Attacks expose weakness of key Afghanistan supply route, AFP". 11 December 2008. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  82. Oppel, Richard A. (24 December 2008). "Amid Taliban Rule, a NATO Supply Line Is Choked, 24 December 2008". The New York Times. Khyber Pass; Pakistan; Peshawar (Pakistan); Pakistan; Afghanistan. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  83. Salman Masood (3 February 2009). "Bridge Attack Halts NATO Supplies to Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  84. "'Another US strike' hits Pakistan". BBC News. 12 September 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  85. "Pakistan: Shoot GIs on cross-border raids". MSNBC.com. 16 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 September 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  86. "Pakistan fires on Nato aircraft". BBC News. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  87. "Pakistan fires on Nato aircraft". BBC News. 25 September 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  88. Turin, Dustin (23 March 2009). "Can the U.S. Win in Afghanistan?". Student Pulse. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  89. Nic Robertson. "Sources: Taliban split with al Qaeda, seek peace". CNN. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  90. Partlow, Joshua (11 November 2009). "In Afghanistan, Taliban surpasses al-Qaeda". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  91. "Pakistani military outpacing coalition?". United Press International. 18 February 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  92. Oppel, Richard A. (20 January 2009). "U.S. secures new supply routes to Afghanistan". The New York Times. Afghanistan;Khyber Pass;Russia. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  93. Daly, John CK (27 May 2009). "Second-Chance Logistics". ISN Security Watch.
  94. "To Afghanistan, on the slow train". CNN. 29 November 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  95. "Northern Distribution Network Delivers". EurasiaNet. 18 March 2009.
  96. Tynan, Deirdre (11 May 2009). "Karimov Gives Washington the Air Base it Needs for Afghan Operations". EurasiaNet.
  97. Baker, Peter (3 July 2009). "Russia Opens Route for U.S. to Fly Arms to Afghanistan". The New York Times.
  98. "Afghanistan's northern neighbours: Road blocks". The Economist. 5 March 2009.
  99. "US Ambassador Norland Promises to Increase Cooperation with Tashkent". EurasiaNet. 4 June 2009. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  100. "Ambassador Explores Commercial Developments in Navoi". U.S. Embassy in Uzbekistan. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010.
  101. Jason Straziulo (16 February 2009). "Newest US troops in Afghanistan seeing combat in dangerous region south of Kabul". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  102. "Obama OKs 17,000 more US troops for Afghanistan". International Herald Tribune. 29 March 2009. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  103. Page, Susan (16 February 2009). "Obama OKs adding Afghanistan forces". USA Today. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  104. "Tom Andrews: Classified McChrystal Report: 500,000 Troops Will Be Required Over Five Years in Afghanistan". Huffington Post. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  105. Jaffe, Greg; Wilson, Scott; DeYoung, Karen (15 January 2007). "U.S. envoy resists troop increase, cites Karzai as problem". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  106. "IPS Inter Press Service". Ipsnews.net. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  107. "Right after interviewing Karzai". CNN. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  108. Baker, Peter (5 December 2009). "How Obama Came to Plan for 'Surge' in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  109. "Anti-war Leaders Blast Escalation of Afghanistan War". Fight Back! News. 1 December 2009.
  110. "Obama's Afghanistan decision evokes LBJ's 1965 order on Vietnam buildup"
  111. Miller, Greg (27 December 2011). "Under Obama, an emerging global apparatus for drone killing". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  112. De Luce, Dan (20 July 2009). "No let-up in US drone war in Pakistan". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 15 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  113. Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (3 June 2009). "The Drone War". New America Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  114. Panetta, Leon (2014). Worthy Fights. Penguin Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-59420-596-5.
  115. Matthias Gebauer (6 August 2010). "Germany to Pay $500,000 for Civilian Bombing Victims". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  116. Chandrasekaran, Rajiv. "A Fight for Ordinary Peace" The Washington Post 12 July 2009
  117. Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (2 July 2009). "Marines Deploy on Major Mission". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  118. Gaskell, Stephanie. "U.S. Marines launch Operation Khanjar – largest military offensive since 2004 battle of Fallujah" New York Daily News 2 July 2009
  119. "UK forces in major Afghan assault". BBC News. 23 June 2009.
  120. "3 SCOTS launch massive air assault". UK Ministry of Defence.
  121. "Slide 1" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  122. Peter Bergen (25 January 2010). "U.S. intelligence briefing: Taliban increasingly effective". CNN. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  123. O'Hanlon, Michael E."Staying Power: The U.S. Mission in Afghanistan Beyond 2011 Archived 6 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine", The Brookings Institution, September/October 2010.
  124. "Taliban warn of summer offensive" Reuters. 27 July 2007
  125. Salahuddin, Sayed and Tait, Paul."Afghan leader sees peaceful poll, troops ambushed" Reuters. 11 August 2009
  126. Dreazen, Yochi J. and Spiegel, Peter."Taliban Now Winning" The Wall Street Journal, 10 August 2009
  127. "Kabul urges polls attacks blackout" Al-Jazeera. 10 August 2009
  128. Entous, Adam and Shalizi, Hamid. "Afghan election fair, but not free: EU" Reuters. 22 August 2009
  129. "Voters targeted after Afghan polls". Al Jazeera. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  130. Sheerin, Jude (20 August 2009). "As it happened: Afghan election 2009". BBC News. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  131. "'Fraud proof' found in Afghan polls" Al-Jazeera. 11 September 2009
  132. "U.S. praises Pakistani military efforts". United Press International. 18 November 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  133. "Karzai holds peace talks with insurgents". TVNZ. Reuters. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 April 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  134. Simon Tisdall (26 July 2010). "Afghan war logs: How the US is losing the battle for hearts and minds". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  135. "U.S. Security Advisor, Pakistani president discuss fight against militancy". People's Daily Online. Xinhua. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  136. Gall, Carlotta (1 April 2011). "Losses in Pakistani Haven Strain Afghan Taliban". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  137. Perry, Tom, "U.S. Troops in Afghanistan Suffer More Critical Injuries", Los Angeles Times, 7 April 2011, p. 4.
  138. Vanden Brook, Tom (7 March 2011). "U.S.: Raids have taken out 900 Taliban leaders". USA Today. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
  139. Vanden Brook, Tom, "U.S.: Raids Have Taken Out 900 Taliban Leaders", USA Today, 8 March 2011, p. 6.
  140. Nordland, Rod (24 January 2011). "An Uncharacteristically Upbeat General in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  141. "Afghan troop numbers to eclipse Iraq soon". United Press International. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  142. Miller, Greg (20 September 2009). "CIA expanding presence in Afghanistan". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  143. Tony Capaccio (31 January 2011). "U.S. Said to Reduce Civilian Deaths After Increasing CIA Pakistan Strikes". Bloomberg. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  144. Eric Schmitt (26 December 2010). "Taliban Fighters Appear Blunted in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Washington. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  145. Adam Levine (15 October 2010). "What the numbers say about progress in Afghanistan". The Guardian. Washington. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  146. Rod Nordland (24 January 2011). "An Uncharacteristically Upbeat General in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Kabul. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  147. Whitlock, Craig (22 September 2010). "Book tells of secret CIA teams staging raids into Pakistan". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011.
  148. Whitlock, Craig; Miller, Greg (23 September 2010). "Paramilitary force is key for CIA". The Washington Post.
  149. Woodward 2010, p. 8.
  150. Woodward 2010, p. 367.
  151. Woodward 2010, p. 160.
  152. "Nato hails Afghanistan operation". 14 February 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  153. Schmitt, Eric (25 July 2010). "The War Logs – Interactive Feature". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  154. Declan Walsh (4 March 2007). "Afghanistan war logs: How US marines sanitised record of bloodbath". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  155. Gebauer, Matthias; Goetz, John; Hoyng, Hans; Koelbl, Susanne; Rosenbach, Marcel; Schmitz, Gregor Peter (25 July 2010). "Explosive Leaks Provide Image of War from Those Fighting It: The Secret Enemy in Pakistan". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  156. Perlez, Jane; Cooper, Helene (30 September 2010). "Signaling Tensions, Pakistan Shuts NATO Route". The New York Times.
  157. "Taliban ramp up attacks against NATO". Archived from the original on 13 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  158. Rubin, Alissa J. (1 May 2011). "Taliban Say Offensive Will Begin Sunday". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  159. "Taliban Attack Afghan Government Offices in South". The New York Times. Associated Press. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
  160. "Afghanistan: Taliban's Kandahar raid into second day". BBC. BBC. 8 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  161. "Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden dead – Obama". BBC News. 2 May 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  162. Landler, Mark; Cooper, Helene (22 June 2011). "Obama Will Speed Pullout From War in Afghanistan". The New York Times.
  163. Nick Hopkins (21 June 2011). "Afghanistan withdrawal: UK to 'make up' its own mind". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  165. "Belgium to halve troops in Afghanistan". Sydney Morning Herald. 26 June 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  166. NTB (25 June 2011). "Norge trapper ned i Afghanistan". DN.no. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  167. "Spain withdraw its troops from Afghanistan in 2015". Ytwhw.com. 27 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  168. "Nato attack can have grave consequences: DG ISPR". The News International. 29 November 2011. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011.
  170. Chandrasekaren, Rajiv (25 September 2015). "The Afghan Surge is Over". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  171. "There is more to peace than Taliban". Asia Times. 12 January 2012.
  172. "Afghan opposition says new parliament can check Karzai". Reuters. 24 November 2010.
  173. "2010 Afghan Parliamentary Election: Checks and Balances of Power". Khaama Press. 9 December 2010.
  174. "Govt Opposition Warn of Taking to Streets". Tolo TV. 5 May 2011.
  175. Rubin, Alissa J. (5 May 2011). "Thousands of Afghans Rally in Kabul". The New York Times.
  176. "Anti-Taliban rally". BBC Persian. 5 May 2011.
  177. "Afghan Northern Alliance Allies Betrayed by Obama Administration; Meet with U.S. Congressmen in Berlin". Representative Louis Gohmert. 9 January 2012.
  178. "Rep. Rohrabacher Leads Bipartisan Delegation's Afghanistan Strategy Session With National Front Leaders in Berlin". Representative Dana Rohrabacher. 9 January 2012. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012.
  179. Wright, Jessica (19 April 2012). "Leaders condemn US troops in body-parts photos". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  180. "Photos of Soldiers Posing With Body Parts Add Strain to a Taxed Relationship". The New York Times. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  181. Gordts, Eline (18 April 2012). "U.S. Soldiers Pose With Bodies of Suicide Bombers in Afghanistan". The Huffington Post. Reuters. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
  182. "Obama calls for Afghan body abuse punishment". BBC. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  183. "Photos just latest issue hounding U.S. military in Afghanistan". CNN. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  184. Fantz, Ashley (19 April 2012). "How will leaked photos impact U.S. mission in Afghanistan?". CNN. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  185. Sommerville, Quentin (19 April 2012). "Dismantling US bases as the Taliban fight on". BBC. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  186. Thom Shanker; Graham Bowley (18 April 2012). "Images of G.I.'s and Remains Fuel Fears of Ebbing Discipline". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  187. Emma Graham-Harrison (6 July 2012). "'Bye-bye, Miss American Pie' – then US helicopter appears to fire on Afghans". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  188. Anissa Haddadi (6 July 2012). "US Helicopter Pilot Sings 'American Pie' as Missile Blows up 'Innocent Afghan Farmer' [VIDEO]". International Business Times. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  189. Landler, Mark (1 May 2012). "Obama Signs Pact in Kabul, Turning Page in Afghan War". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  190. "Enduring Strategic Partnership Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the United States of America". Scribd. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  191. Sweet, Lynn (1 May 2012). "U.S.-Afgan strategic agreement: Roadmap to Chicago NATO Summit. Briefing transcript". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  192. Clinton, Hillary (8 July 2012). "Press Releases: Intervention at the Tokyo Conference on Afghanistan" (Press release). NewsRoomAmerica.com. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  193. CNN Wire Staff (7 July 2012). "U.S. designates Afghanistan a major ally, creates defense ties". CNN. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  194. "Afghanistan, US launch negotiations on Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA)". DiploNews. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  195. "NATO sets "irreversible" but risky course to end Afghan war". Reuters. Reuters. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  196. NATO (21 May 2012). "Chicago NATO Summit 2012 Declaration". Defence Talk – Global Defense, Aerospace & Military Portal. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  197. Scott Wilson & Karen DeYoung (21 May 2012). "NATO leaders agree on framework to wind down Afghan mission". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  198. Elise Labott & Mike Mount (22 May 2012). "NATO accepts Obama timetable to end war in Afghanistan by 2014". CNN. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  199. Mark Landler & Michael R. Gordon (8 January 2012). "U.S. Is Open to Withdraw Afghan Force After 2014". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  200. "The Afghan War's Last Chapter?". The New York Times. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  201. "Obama, Karzai agree to accelerate military transition". CNN. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  202. Scott Wilson & David Nakamur (11 January 2013). "Obama announces reduced U.S. role in Afghanistan starting this spring". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  203. Christi Parsons & Kathleen Hennessey (11 January 2013). "Obama moves up deadline for Afghans to take lead security role". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  204. "US to speed up Afghan troop transition". Al Jazeera English. 11 January 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  205. "US troops will end 'most' Afghanistan combat this spring". BBC News US & Canada. 11 January 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  206. Mark Landler & Michael R. Gordon (11 January 2013). "Obama Accelerates Transition of Security to Afghans". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  207. "Bomb blast hits Afghanistan on security handover day". Deutsche Welle. 19 June 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  208. "Deadly blast marks Afghan security handover". Al Jazeera English. Al Jazeera English. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  209. "Karzai announces Afghan security handover". Global Post. Agence France-Presse. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  210. Hodge, Nathan (18 June 2013). "Blast Mars Day of Security Handover in Kabul". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  211. LaPorta, James (28 November 2015). "Afghan interpreter hoping for asylum gets little help from those he worked for". Jacksonville Daily News. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  212. "Punish Russia? Why some Pentagon officials would prefer restraint.," The Christian Science Monitor, 4 March 2014.
  213. "Jet bombing kills seven including five US troops in Afghanistan". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  214. Shapira, Ian (14 August 2014). "Mourners gather at Arlington Cemetery for burial of general killed in Afghanistan". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  215. "American army officer killed, many wounded in Afghan insider attack". Afghanistan Sun. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  218. Gordon, Michael R. (26 November 2012). "Time Slipping, U.S. Ponders Afghan Role After 2014". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  219. DeYoung, Karen (5 December 2012). "U.S. reducing plans for large civilian force in post-2014 Afghanistan". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  220. Landler, Mark (27 May 2014). "U.S. Will Complete Afghan Pullout by End of 2016, Obama Says". The New York Times.
  221. Zenjo, Micah (29 May 2015). "The New Unknown Soldiers of Afghanistan and Iraq". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  222. "U.S. formally ends the war in Afghanistan" (online). CBA News. Associated Press. 28 December 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  225. Gabriel Domínguez (6 January 2015). "What can NATO's new Afghanistan mission achieve?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  226. USSOCOM Fact Book 2015, page 42, published 14 November 2014 on the DVIDS portal. http://www.dvidshub.net/publication/issues/23684, via Afghan War News.
  227. Estelle Shirbon (13 March 2015). "Led by the Queen, Britain commemorates end of Afghan war". Reuters UK Edition. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  228. Mason, Rowena (27 October 2015). "UK to keep 450 troops stationed in Afghanistan through 2016". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  229. Mason, Rowena (8 July 2016). "UK to increase troops in Afghanistan from 450 to 500". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  230. "Why are the Taliban resurgent in Afghanistan?". BBC. 5 January 2016.
  231. "Russia closes NATO supply corridor to Afghanistan". The Washington Times. 19 May 2015.
  232. "Suicide Bomber Hits European Police in Kabul; 1 Dead". 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  233. "Five men arrested in Afghanistan over involvement in Pakistan school massacre". 15 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  234. "Officials confirm ISIL present in Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  235. "ISIS active in south Afghanistan, officials confirm for first time". CBS News. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  236. "Capture the Flag in Afghanistan". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  237. "Afghanistan: Reported US air and drone strikes 2015".
  238. Rosenberg, Matthew; Schmitt, Eric; Mazzetti, Mark (12 February 2015). "U.S. Is Escalating a Secretive War in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  239. Craig, Tim (12 February 2015). "U.S. forces, Afghan troops arrest Taliban militants wanted for school massacre". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  240. Stewart, Phil (20 February 2015). "New Defense Secretary Ash Carter goes to Afghanistan to ensure 'lasting success' as US troops withdraw". Business Insider. Reuters. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  241. Rampton, Roberta (11 February 2015). "Obama administration weighs Afghan request to slow withdrawal of U.S. troops". Reuters. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
    Ryan, Missy (10 February 2015). "White House weighs adjusting Afghan exit plan to slow withdrawal of troops". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
    Eberspacher, Sarah (21 February 2015). "New Defense Secretary Carter says U.S. may slow Afghan troop withdrawal". The Week. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
    Gul, Ayaz (21 February 2015). "New Pentagon Chief in Kabul Talks With Afghan President". Voice of America. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
    "U.S. commander proposes slower Afghan withdrawal". The Japan Times. Agence France-Presse. 13 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  242. Adam Ashton (24 February 2015). "Army to send headquarters group to Kandahar in first sign of revision to Afghan withdrawal plan". McClatchy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  243. Gary Walts (26 February 2015). "Fort Drum brigade prepares for deployment to Afghanistan". The Post-Standard. Syracuse Media Group. Associated Press. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
    Tan, Michelle (27 February 2015). "Army announces new Afghanistan deployments". ArmyTimes. Gannett. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  244. "Afghan Army Kills Commander of ISIL Affiliate". Al-Masdar News.
  245. "29 Insurgents Killed In Military Operations". Tolonews. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  246. "Afghanistan: Taliban suicide bomb attack near Kabul airport". BBC News. 10 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  247. "Norske spesialsoldater i Afghanistan: – De vi slåss mot kjemper til døden".
  248. "News brief". The Week. 18 March 2016. p. 18.
  249. Masoud Popalzai and Jethro Mullen (22 June 2015). "Taliban attempt attack on Afghan Parliament in Kabul". CNN. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  250. "Taliban launch brazen attack on Afghan parliament, seize second district in north". Reuters. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  251. "Afghanistan explosion: Taliban suicide bomber, gunmen attack parliament building in Kabul killing two, wounding at least 30". ABC News. 23 June 2015.
  252. RAHIM, FAIEZ; AMIR, SHAH. "Taliban suicide bomber, gunmen attack Afghan parliament". The Big Story. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  253. Matthew Weaver. "Afghanistan parliament attacked by Taliban suicide bomber and gunmen – rolling updates". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  254. "Afghan forces struggle to drive back Taliban from besieged city". Reuters. 30 April 2015.
  255. "Heavy fighting as Taliban attack northern Afghan city". Reuters. 27 April 2015.
  256. "Flights to besieged Afghan city cancelled as Taliban, army clash". Reuters. 7 May 2015.
  257. "INSIGHT – Stretched Afghan army falls back on militias to help defend Kunduz". Reuters. 22 May 2015.
  258. "Afghans counter Taliban offensive in northern Kunduz province". BBC News.
  259. "Taliban and Afghan Government Dispute Status of Kunduz". The New York Times. 21 June 2015.
  260. "Afghanistan: Taliban advance on key northern city". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  261. "Afghan forces recapture key district from Taliban". Reuters. 23 June 2015.
  262. Sune Engel Rasmussen (28 September 2015). "Taliban attempt to capture key Afghan city". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  263. "Afghan Taliban seize Kunduz city center in landmark gain". Reuters. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  264. "Taliban fighters raid Kunduz in Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  265. "Taliban seizes control of major Afghan city Kunduz for first time since US-led invasion". ABC News. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  266. "Top official says Chinese security depends on Afghan stability". Reuters.
  267. "Untangling the web of India, China and Pakistan diplomacy". Reuters.
  268. "Taliban, Afghan figures talk ceasefire but fail to agree". Reuters.
    "Exclusive: Secret meetings in Pakistan expose obstacles to Afghan peace talks". Reuters.
    "Exclusive: China seeks greater role in Afghanistan with peace talk push". Reuters.
    "China offers to mediate in stalled Afghan Taliban peace talks". Reuters.
  269. "Dozens killed in clashes between rival Taliban factions in Afghanistan". The Guardian. 10 March 2016.
  270. "Officials to begin talks aimed at reviving Afghan peace process". The Guardian. 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016.
    "Taliban reject invite to Afghanistan peace talks". CNN. 5 March 2016.
    "Official Says ISIL Contained, Taliban Fracturing in Afghanistan". Department of Defence. 10 March 2016.
    "NATO chief predicts another tough year ahead for Afghanistan". Military Times. 16 March 2016.
  271. "Afghanistan: Taliban won't talk because it is winning". Al Jazeera. 22 March 2016.
  272. "Attack on Afghanistan's parliament – When even failure is success". The Economist. 24 June 2015.
  273. "Afghan Peace Talks Expose Rifts in Taliban Leadership". VOA News. 24 June 2015.
  274. "No more peace talks with Taliban, Afghanistan's president says". Los Angeles Times. 25 April 2016.
  275. "Haqqanis Steering Deadlier Taliban in Afghanistan, Officials Say". The New York Times. 7 May 2016.
  276. "Afghanistan Faces Tough Battle as Haqqanis Unify the Taliban". ABC news. 7 May 2016. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016.
  277. "Taliban leader says foreigners must quit Afghanistan for peace". Reuters. 2 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  278. "Taliban-on-Taliban turf war erupts in Afghanistan". worldbulletin News. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  279. "Number of ISIL Fighters in Afghanistan Drops Significantly, Official Says". US Department of Defense. 14 April 2016.
  280. "Taliban Attack Police Base in Afghanistan, Killing 17". The Telegraph. 13 June 2015.
  281. "Taliban seize district in Helmand province". The Long War Journal. 30 July 2015.
  282. "Two Setbacks for Coalition in Afghanistan". The New York Times. 26 August 2015.
  283. "Taliban lose control of district in southern Afghanistan, gain another in northeast". The Long War Journal. 18 December 2015.
  284. "US Airstrikes Target Islamic State in Afghanistan". ABC News. 11 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016.
  285. "Prepare 200 graves, warn Sangin police besieged by Taliban". The Times. 23 December 2015.
  286. "Fierce fight for Helmand as Afghan Taliban gains ground". Al Jazeera. 21 December 2015.
  287. "SAS in battle to stop Taliban overrunning Sangin". The Telegraph. 22 December 2015.
  288. "The U.S. was supposed to leave Afghanistan by 2017. Now it might take decades". The Washington Post. 26 January 2016.
  289. "British military deployed to Afghanistan: Why Sangin matters". Telegraph. 22 December 2015.
  290. "Besieged Afghan forces in Sangin receive airdrops as UK sends troops". The Guardian. 22 December 2015.
  291. "Taliban take control of large parts of Sangin". The Guardian. 21 December 2015.
  292. "Afghanistan Taliban: Militants 'close to capturing' Sangin". BBC News. 21 December 2015.
  293. "Afghan forces in desperate fight to hold off Taliban in Sangin". CNN. 22 December 2015.
  294. "Last Refuge From Taliban for Afghans May Prove No Refuge at all". The New York Times. 27 December 2015.
  295. "US Army orders hundreds of soldiers back to southern Afghanistan". Fox News. 11 February 2016.
  296. "Taliban 'close to capturing Sangin' as militants step up assault on Helmand". The Guardian. 7 February 2016.
  297. "Taliban are 'close to overrunning Sangin' where 106 British soldiers died". The Telegraph. 8 February 2016.
  298. "U.S. troop reinforcements head for embattled southern Afghan province". Reuters. 9 February 2016.
  299. "A 5th District in Helmand Province Falls to the Taliban". The New York Times. 15 March 2016.
  300. "Anger as Afghan troops pull out of parts of Helmand province". CNN. 23 February 2016.
  301. "Afghan forces face 'decisive' battle in Helmand". BBC News. 7 April 2016.
  302. "Afghan soldiers desert as Taliban threaten key Helmand capital". CNN. 11 April 2016.
  303. "American troops wounded fighting ISIS in Afghanistan as operations there grow". military.com. 28 July 2016.
  304. "US airstrikes undermining Afghan security, says former president". The Guardian. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016.
  305. "Afghanistan: Helmand Capital May Fall To Taliban". Sky News. 9 August 2016.
  306. "Taliban's new commando force tests Afghan army's strength". The Washington Post. 6 August 2016. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016.
  307. "Taliban 'special forces' lead Helmand assault: Afghan officials". Reuters. 14 August 2016.
  308. "Over a hundred US troops sent to Lashkar Gah to battle Taliban". The Guardian. 22 August 2016.
  309. "US servicemember killed in Afghanistan". Stars and Stripes. 23 August 2016.
  310. "Afghan Taliban fighters press advance on Helmand capital". Reuters. 1 October 2016.
  311. "Taliban fighters push into Helmand capital Lashkar Gah". BBC. 10 October 2016.
  312. "Afghan Taliban launch large-scale attack on Helmand; suicide blast kills 14". Fox News. 10 October 2016.
  313. "Taliban ramp up attacks in southwestern Afghanistan as NATO casualties hit a low". Stars and Stripes. 2 January 2017.
  314. "The U.S. Marines are sending a task force back to Afghanistan's Helmand province". Marine Corps Times. 6 January 2017.
  315. "U.S. Airstrikes Hit Taliban After Attack on an Afghan Army Post". The Washington Post. 31 January 2017.
  316. "U.S. Airstrikes In Afghanistan Kill At Least 18 Civilians: UN Report". Huffington post. 12 February 2017.
  317. "2 US Soldiers Wounded in Afghanistan Clash". military.com. 12 February 2017.
  318. "Taliban take key Afghan district in south; 9 killed in north". Fox News. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  319. "Afghan Taliban capture city of Sangin". BBC News. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  320. "U.S. may send up to 5,000 more troops to Afghanistan". Washington Times. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  321. "Inside the Marines' new mission in Afghanistan: Taking back territory previously won". The Washington Post. 16 April 2018.
  322. "U.S. forces can now pursue ISIS in Afghanistan". CNN. 20 January 2016.
  323. "How IS has been making enemies in Afghanistan". BBC News. 21 February 2016.
  324. "State Department lists Islamic State's 'Khorasan Province' as Foreign Terrorist Organization". The Long War Journal. 14 January 2016.
  325. "U.S. Broadens Fight Against ISIS With Attacks in Afghanistan". The New York Times. 31 January 2016.
  326. "US Airstrikes Target Islamic State in Afghanistan". ABC News. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016.
  327. "Afghan Forces Dislodge Islamic State From Eastern Stronghold". Wall Street Journal. 21 February 2016.
  328. "Afghan President: IS Being Wiped out in Afghanistan". ABC news. 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
  329. "Afghan president: ISIS is 'on the run' in Afghanistan". Military Times. 15 March 2016.
  330. "Islamic State fighters in Afghanistan flee to Kunar province". Reuters. 24 March 2016.
  331. "39 IS members killed in clashes with troops in eastern Afghanistan". Fox News latino. 6 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
  332. James Mackenzie (12 April 2016). "Taliban announce start of spring offensive in Afghanistan". Reuters.
  333. "Taliban Launches Anti-Government Spring Offensive". VOA.
  334. "Dozens killed as Islamic State pushes for territory in Afghanistan". The Telegraph. 26 June 2016.
  335. "Islamic State militants launch new attacks in eastern Afghanistan". Reuters. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  336. "Afghanistan: Scores of Taliban dead in Kunduz attack". Al Jazeera. 16 April 2016.
  337. "Afghan officials say Taliban driven back in Kunduz fighting". Reuters. 16 April 2016.
  338. "Heavy fighting continues in Afghan city Kunduz". Reuters. 17 April 2016.
  339. "Taliban attacks rock Afghanistan's Kunduz province". Al Jazeera. 18 July 2016.
  340. "Taliban kill ten in Afghanistan's Kunduz: Officials". The Journal of Turkish Weekly. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  341. "Taliban kill 17 passengers after kidnapping around 185 in Kunduz – Khaama Press (KP) | Afghan News Agency". www.khaama.com. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  342. "Afghan Taliban kill nine, kidnap 20 bus passengers, army rescues 140 others". Reuters. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  343. "Taliban Kills 12 Afghan Captives In East, Abducts 40 Bus Passengers In North". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 8 June 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  344. "Taliban storm Afghan court, kill five, after vowing revenge for executions". Reuters. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  345. "Taliban attack kills five at Afghan court". Reuters. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  346. "Afghan lawmaker killed in blast at his home in Kabul". Reuters. 5 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  347. "Barack Obama approves broader role for US forces in Afghanistan". The Telegprah. 10 June 2016.
  348. "Al Qaeda leader appears to pledge allegiance to Taliban in Afghanistan". Fox News. 12 June 2016.
  349. "After Obama Decision, First US Airstrikes Hit Afghan Taliban". ABC news. 24 June 2016. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016.
  350. "UK to send 50 additional troops to Afghanistan". BBC news. 9 July 2016.
  351. "Taliban attack on police cadets near Kabul kills dozens". BBC News. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  352. "Taliban suicide bombers kill 27 in attack on Afghan police cadets". Reuters. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  353. "When War Is Just Another Day in Afghanistan". Time. 18 July 2016.
  354. "At least 5 US troops wounded in Afghanistan fighting Islamic State". Fox News. 29 July 2016.
  355. "Afghan troops press offensive against Islamic State". Reuters. 30 July 2016.
  356. "Five US troops wounded in Afghanistan, military says". Yahoo News. 28 July 2016.
  357. "Key Islamic State leader Saad Emarati 'killed in Afghanistan'". BBC news. 26 July 2016.
  358. "Maryland Soldier Killed by Roadside Bomb in Afghanistan". NBC Washington. 5 October 2016.
  359. "US special operator was 1st US casualty in fight against Islamic State in Afghanistan". Stars and Stripes. 5 October 2016.
  360. "In Afghanistan, U.S. Exits, and Iran Comes In". The New York Times. 5 August 2017.
  361. "Airstrikes in Afghanistan ramp up as ISIS fight in Iraq and Syria winds down". CNN. 21 November 2017.
  362. "Carter visits Afghanistan as Obama plans handoff of 15-year war". CNN. 9 December 2016.
  363. "US, Afghan Forces Push Back Islamic State, al-Qaida". military.com. 24 December 2016.
  364. Afghanistan Signs Draft Peace Deal With Faction Led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar The New York Times, 23 September 2016.
  365. "Afghanistan takes a step toward peace with notorious ex-warlord". Los Angeles Times.
  366. "U.S. General Seeks 'a Few Thousand' More Troops in Afghanistan". The New York Times. 9 February 2017.
  367. "A U.S. soldier is wounded in Sangin, highlighting a tragic irony about the Afghanistan war". military.com. 9 February 2017.
  368. "U.S. airstrike in Kunduz signals a new chapter in Afghanistan". Military Times. 11 March 2017.
  369. "Army Rangers killed in Afghanistan were possible victims of friendly fire". Army Times. 28 April 2017.
  370. "Afghan official: Death toll from massive US bomb rises to 94, including 4 ISIS commanders". Stars and Stripes. 15 April 2017.
  371. "MOAB strike: 90 IS fighters killed in Afghanistan". BBC. 15 April 2017.
  372. "US cites progress against Islamic State in Afghanistan". The Washington Post. 6 April 2017.
  373. USA TODAY (14 April 2017). "Drone footage shows MOAB drop in Afghanistan" – via YouTube.
  374. Rasmussen, Sune Engel (14 April 2017). "'It felt like the heavens were falling': Afghans reel from MOAB impact". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  375. "U.S. drops 'mother of all bombs' in Afghanistan, marking weapon's first use". CBS News. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  376. Tomlinson, Lucas (13 April 2017). "US drops largest non-nuclear bomb in Afghanistan after Green Beret killed". Fox News. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  377. Starr, Barbara; Browne, Ryan. "US drops largest non-nuclear bomb in Afghanistan". CNN. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  378. "US 'mother of all bombs' killed 92 Isis militants, say Afghan officials". the Guardian. 15 April 2017.
  379. "Taliban fighters attack Afghan army base, 'killing 140'". Al Jazeera. 22 April 2017.
  380. "Taliban kill more than 140 Afghan soldiers at army base | World news". The Guardian. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  381. "Taliban kills more than 140 Afghan soldiers in suicide assault". Longwarjournal.org. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  382. "Taliban announce spring offensive, vow to build institutions". The Washington Post. 28 April 2017.
  383. "Taliban assaults provincial capital in southeastern Afghanistan". FDD's Long War Journal. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  384. "Taliban assaults Afghan Army bases in Kandahar". FDD's Long War Journal. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  385. "Taliban attacks another base in Kandahar". FDD's Long War Journal. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  386. "Thirteen dead as Taliban car bomber hits CIA-funded Afghan militia". Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  387. "Kabul blast: At least 90 killed & over 350 wounded in explosion in Afghan capital's embassy district". RT International. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  388. "Kabul bomb: Dozens killed in Afghan capital's diplomatic zone". BBC News. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  389. Ehsan Popalzai and Faith Karimi. "Afghanistan explosion: 90 killed in blast near diplomatic area". CNN. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  390. "US airstrikes kill scores of civilians in Kunduz province, Afghans say". The Guardian. 4 November 2017.
  391. Slawson, Nicola (14 October 2017). "US drone strike 'kills 14 Isis militants in Afghanistan'". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  392. "Afghan leaders in Helmand criticize U.S. airstrikes on Taliban drug labs". The Washington Post. 21 November 2017.
  393. "US conducts airstrikes on Afghanistan opium labs". CNN. 21 November 2017.
  394. Press, Associated (21 December 2017). "The Latest: Pence says 'real progress' in war in Afghanistan". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  395. 'Trump calls out Pakistan, India as he pledges to 'fight to win' in Afghanistan. CNN, 24 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  396. "Remarks by President Trump on the Strategy in Afghanistan and South Asia". whitehouse.gov. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  397. (in Dutch) 'Trump: terugtrekking uit Afghanistan is geen optie' ('withdrawal from Afghanistan is no option'). NRC Handelsblad , 22 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  398. 'Trump gets it right on Afghanistan and Pakistan'. The Washington Post , 24 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  399. "Trump's Afghan shift praised in Kabul but leaves Pakistan wary". The Guardian. 22 August 2017.
  400. "C.I.A. Wants Authority to Conduct Drone Strikes in Afghanistan for the First Time". The New York Times. 15 September 2017.
  401. "Trump is sending more than 3,000 troops to Afghanistan". Vox.
  402. "US relaxes rules of engagement to help troops in Afghanistan defeat Taliban". Fox News. 4 October 2017.
  403. "Taliban threaten 70% of Afghanistan, BBC finds". BBC. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  404. "Afghanistan Protection of Civilians Annual Report, United Nations" (PDF). United Nations. 8 February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  405. "More Afghan Civilians Being Deliberately Targeted, U.N. Says". The New York Times. 15 February 2018. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  406. "Ex-Blackwater CEO's plan to end the war in Afghanistan". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  407. "Erik Prince's Plan to Privatize the War in Afghanistan". The Atlantic. 18 August 2017. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  408. "Privatizing Afghanistan War Not A Wise Idea: Mattis". Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  409. "U.N. concerned over spike in civilian casualties in Afghan air strikes". Reuters. 25 September 2018. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  410. "Afghan election candidate killed in Taliban attack". Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  411. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  412. "Staggering Afghan death toll revealed". 25 January 2019. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  413. Nordland, Rod (1 February 2019). "Afghan Government Control Over Country Falters, US Report Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  414. "At least 21 people killed in Taliban attacks in Afghanistan". Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  415. "US peace envoy meets Taliban co-founder". 25 February 2019. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  416. "At least 23 Afghan security forces killed in Taliban attack". Archived from the original on 4 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  417. Sediqi, Abdul Qadir. "Afghan forces launch attacks to clear warring militants from east Afghanistan". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  418. "At least 20 killed, 50 injured in attack on VP candidate's office in Kabul - government". Reuters. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  419. "America and the Taliban inch towards a peace deal in Afghanistan". The Economist. 7 August 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  420. Lamothe, Dan; Hudson, John; Constable, Pamela (1 August 2019). "US preparing to withdraw thousands of troops from Afghanistan in initial deal with Taliban". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  421. Farmer, Ben; Mehsud, Saleem (16 August 2019). "Family of Taliban leader killed in 'assassination attempt' on eve of historic US peace deal". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  422. "Brother of Afghan Taliban leader killed in Pakistan mosque blast". aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  424. "Taliban's Attack in Kabul Raises Question on the Peace Agreement". True News Source. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  425. "Afghanistan and U.S. troops claim to have killed at least 38 Taliban fighters". cbsnews.com.
  426. "Dozens killed by Taliban suicide bombings in Afghanistan". The Oxford Times. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  427. "Afghan, US forces kill over 80 Taliban fighters, officials say". aljazeera.com.
  428. "US-Taliban Afghan peace talks at 'important stage': Khalilzad". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  429. "US-Taliban truce begins, raising hopes for a peace deal". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  430. "Afghanistan's Taliban, US sign peace deal". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  431. Dadouch, Sarah; George, Susannah; Lamothe, Dan (29 February 2020). "U.S. signs peace deal with Taliban agreeing to full withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  432. "U.S. to withdraw troops from Afghanistan in 14 months if Taliban conditions met". Reuters. Retrieved 29 February 2020 – via MSN.
  433. "Ghani: No Commitment to Release Taliban Prisoners". TOLOnews. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  434. "President Ghani rejects peace deal's prisoner swap with Taliban". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  435. Schuknecht, Cat (1 March 2020). "Afghan President Rejects Timeline For Prisoner Swap Proposed In US-Taliban Peace Deal". NPR. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  436. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/01/afghan-peace-deal-prisoner-release-118473%7Ctitle=Afghan peace deal hits first snag over prisoner releases|author=Associated Press|publisher=Politico|accessdate=1 March 2020}}
  437. "Afghan conflict: President Ashraf Ghani rejects Taliban prisoner release". BBC News. 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  438. "A peace deal signed. Then America and the Taliban resume fighting". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613.
  439. Samantha Beech; Devan Cole. "US conducted airstrike on Taliban fighters following attack on Afghan checkpoint". CNN. CNN. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  440. Kabul attack
  441. "Taliban attacks against Afghan security forces continue unabated | FDD's Long War Journal". Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  442. "Dozens dead in fresh wave of Taliban violence in Afghanistan". France 24. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  443. "Afghan War Casualty Report: April 2020". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  444. "Afghan Authorities Release at Least 100 Taliban Members From Prison in Kabul - Reports". Sputnik International. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  445. Kabul attack
  446. "Newborns among 16 dead in Kabul hospital attack; 24 killed in funeral bombing". Reuters. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  447. "Newborns among 40 killed in attacks on Afghan hospital and funeral". theguardian. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  448. NTB, Av (May 15, 2020). "Norske styrker var på plass under sykehusangrep i Kabul". forsvaretsforum.no.
  449. Wainwright, Martin (13 August 2007). "Battle for the memory of Peterloo: Campaigners demand fitting tribute". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  450. Olsson, Svein Vestrum (May 15, 2020). "Norske styrker deltok mot IS' angrep på barselavdeling". NRK.
  452. "Newborns Are Among 37 Killed in Two Attacks in Afghanistan". BNN Bloomberg. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
  454. Press, The Associated (May 14, 2020). "Official Says Suicide Attack in Eastern Afghanistan Kills 5" – via NYTimes.com.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.