Healthcare in Europe

Healthcare in Europe is provided through a wide range of different systems run at individual national levels. Most European countries have a system of tightly regulated, competing private health insurance companies, with government subsidies available for citizens who cannot afford coverage.[1][2] Many European countries (and all European Union countries) offer their citizens a European Health Insurance Card which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries.[3]

European Health Insurance Card (French version pictured)

European health

EU countries with the highest life expectancy (2019)[4]
World Rank	EU Rank	Country	Life expectancy at birth (years)
5.	1.	Spain	83.4
6.	2.	Italy	83.4
11.	3.	Sweden	82.7
12.	4.	France	82.5
13.	5.	Malta	82.4
16.	6.	Ireland	82.1
17.	7.	Netherlands	82.1
19.	8.	Luxembourg	82.1
20.	9.	Greece	82.1

The World Health Organization has listed 53 countries as comprising the European region. Health outcomes vary greatly by country. Countries in western Europe have had a significant increase in life expectancy since World War II, while most of eastern European and the formerly Soviet countries have experienced a fall in life expectancy.[5]

Tobacco use is the largest preventable cause of death in Europe. Many countries have passed legislation in the past few decades restricting tobacco sales and use.[5]

European Union

The European Union has no major administrative responsibility in the field of healthcare. The European Commission's Directorate-General for Health and Consumers however seeks to align national laws on the safety of food and other products, on consumers' rights and on the protection of people's health, to form new EU wide laws and thus strengthen its internal markets.

Greece failed to implement EU anti-smoking laws.[6]

It is understood that both WHO/Europe and ECDC are involved in public health development in Europe[7].

Euro Health Consumer Index 2018

Euro Health Consumer Index 2018[8]
Country	Overall ranking	Total score	Patient rights and information score	Accessibility (waiting times for treatment) score	Outcomes score	Range and reach of services score	Prevention score	Pharmaceuticals score
Switzerland	1	893	113	225	278	99	95	83
Netherlands	2	883	125	175	256	125	113	89
Norway	3	857	125	138	278	120	119	78
Denmark	4	855	121	175	267	120	95	78
Belgium	5	849	104	213	244	115	101	72
Finland	6	839	113	150	278	120	101	78
Luxembourg	7	809	100	188	244	109	95	72
Sweden	8	800	117	113	267	125	101	78
Austria	9	799	108	175	244	104	89	78
Iceland	10	797	121	188	222	104	107	56
France	11	796	104	188	233	104	83	83
Germany	12	785	104	163	244	83	101	89
Portugal	13	754	108	163	222	94	89	78
Czech Republic	14	731	108	175	211	104	71	61
Estonia	15	729	121	188	189	94	77	61
United Kingdom	16	728	117	100	211	109	113	78
Slovakia	17	722	113	188	200	78	77	67
Serbia	18	699	108	200	189	57	83	61
Spain	19	698	96	113	222	94	101	72
Italy	20	687	92	138	233	73	101	50
Slovenia	21	678	88	125	222	94	77	72
Ireland	22	669	83	75	244	94	89	83
Montenegro	23	668	96	188	189	52	71	72
Croatia	24	644	104	125	200	94	71	50
North Macedonia	25	638	113	163	156	63	83	61
Cyprus	26	635	83	150	200	63	83	56
Malta	27	631	88	150	156	104	95	39
Lithuania	28	622	104	163	167	73	71	44
Greece	29	615	67	163	200	52	83	50
Latvia	30	605	100	138	178	68	77	44
Bulgaria	31	591	79	200	167	47	60	39
Poland	32	585	79	138	167	57	89	56
Hungary	33	565	79	113	156	78	95	44
Romania	34	549	96	175	133	52	54	39
Albania	35	544	67	175	156	42	71	33

References

Sanger-Katz, Margot (19 February 2019). "What's the Difference Between a 'Public Option' and 'Medicare for All'?". The New York Times.
Abelson, Reed; Sanger-Katz, Margot (23 March 2019). "Medicare for All Would Abolish Private Insurance. 'There's No Precedent in American History.'". The New York Times.
"European Health Insurance Card". European Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2019. A free card that gives you access to medically necessary, state-provided healthcare during a temporary stay in any of the 28 EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, under the same conditions and at the same cost (free in some countries) as people insured in that country.
"2019 Human Development Index Ranking | Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org.
Mackenbach, Johan P; Karanikolos, Marina; McKee, Martin (March 2013). "The unequal health of Europeans: successes and failures of policies". The Lancet. 381 (9872): 1125–1134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62082-0. hdl:1765/39673. PMID 23541053.
"EU anti-smoking laws".
http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/partners/the-european-union-and-its-institutions/european-centre-for-disease-prevention-and-control-ecdc
"Euro Health Consumer Index 2018" (PDF). Health Consumer Powerhouse. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

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[1] Sanger-Katz, Margot (19 February 2019). "What's the Difference Between a 'Public Option' and 'Medicare for All'?". The New York Times.

[2] Abelson, Reed; Sanger-Katz, Margot (23 March 2019). "Medicare for All Would Abolish Private Insurance. 'There's No Precedent in American History.'". The New York Times.

[3] "European Health Insurance Card". European Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2019. A free card that gives you access to medically necessary, state-provided healthcare during a temporary stay in any of the 28 EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, under the same conditions and at the same cost (free in some countries) as people insured in that country.

[hdr-life-exp-4] "2019 Human Development Index Ranking | Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org.

[lancet1-5] Mackenbach, Johan P; Karanikolos, Marina; McKee, Martin (March 2013). "The unequal health of Europeans: successes and failures of policies". The Lancet. 381 (9872): 1125–1134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62082-0. hdl:1765/39673. PMID 23541053.

[6] "EU anti-smoking laws".

[7] ttp://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/partners/the-european-union-and-its-institutions/european-centre-for-disease-prevention-and-control-ecdc

[8] "Euro Health Consumer Index 2018" (PDF). Health Consumer Powerhouse. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

Health in Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

List of hospitals in Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard

Healthcare in Europe

European health

European Union

Euro Health Consumer Index 2018

See also

References