Happiness (The Beloved album)

The Beloved began at Cambridge University in 1983; originally named Journey Through, they consisted of Tim Havard, Steve Waddington and vocalist and band leader Jon Marsh, with drummer Guy Gausden joining the following year. Originally drawing from psychedelic music, the group soon renamed itself to The Beloved and changed their sound to one often compared to New Order.[2][3] Despite releasing several singles, the Happy Now EP and Where It Is compilation album over 1986–87, none of the band's music received notable critical or commercial success, which led to Havard and Gausden leaving the group by the end of 1987, rendering the Beloved a duo of Marsh and Waddington.[2] The group had nonetheless signed a deal with WEA by this point, thanks to the cult success of Where It Is.[4] Having become interested in American dance music after a trip to New York in 1987,[5] Marsh and Waddington quickly became infatuated with the emerging rave music scene in London in 1988,[2] and became fans of acid house.[6] Marsh found the Shoom and Spectrum raves that year life-changing; he later told i-D magazine: "The whole of 1988 from March onwards is a complete blur, an orgy of parties."[7] The duo's experiences with dance music revitalised them musically, and took influence from it, completely changing their direction.[3]

Marsh and Waddington recorded the tracks "Loving Feeling", "Your Love Takes Me Higher" and "I Love You More" in 1988 with producer Paul Staveley O'Duffy. Only the latter two tracks were included on Happiness, although "Loving Feeling" was released as a single in October 1988. After "Your Love Takes Me Higher" was released as a single in January 1989 and only reached number 91 on the UK Singles Chart (Loving Feeling did not chart at all), The Beloved asked WEA to allow them to record a full LP, with their engineer Martyn Phillips as it's producer instead of O'Duffy. They were given the go-ahead and, with a small budget and often working night sessions[8], The Beloved recorded the rest of Happiness until August 1989, across many recording studios in the UK and US, namely Southlands, Sarm West, Master Rock, First Protocol, Sam Therapy, Lillie Yard, D&D, The Skylight Suite and Parsifal.[9][10]

Happiness is a dance-pop album incorporating synth-pop and post-rave styles,[9] most prominently including intense, propulsive club music, in particular American dance music,[5] such as house.[11] The album was among the first to cast house music into a distinctively pop context,[11] and has further been described as a fusion of house and baggy.[6] The lyrics, chiefly written by Marsh, are happy and laden with hopeful optimism,[12] reflecting the hedonism prevalent in Britain's music scene at the time.[6] Writer Colin Larkin recalls Marsh and Waddington promoting the album with "enthusiastic chatter concerning the virtues of floating tanks and hallucinogenic substances."[3] Marsh, who sings with a deep voice, is sometimes accompanied by female backup.[13]

"Hello" is a techno track,[2] taking the form of a list song that juxtaposes the likes of Cannon and Ball with Jean-Paul Sartre,[7] with a chorus of "Jean-Paul Sartre, Zippy, Bungle, Jeffrey Archer."[6] Writer Justin Lewis noted that the juxtaposition of diverse icons was postmodern,[4] while writer Simon Reynolds calls the song "a 'Reasons to Be Cheerful, Part Three' for the MDMA generation."[7] "Your Love Takes Me a Higher" is a remix of the band's earlier single.[4] "Time After Time" and "Don't You Worry" feature live violin and piano, as opposed to sampled or synthesised versions of those instruments. In an interview with Keyboard, Marsh explained: "We went with real violins because of the overall feel we wanted. There's something about that quality of a real violin that makes it warmer to most people's ears. Yet on a track like 'Scarlett Beautiful', which is very up and housey, real strings would have been too jarring."[5]

"The Sun Rising" is an ambient-styled track,[2] and features reversed guitars and madrigal singing sampled from an album of sequences and hymns by Hildegard Of Bingen entitled A Feather on the Breath of God.[7] The song has gone on to be regarded as a classic of chill-out music.[3] "Up Up and Away" features lyrics such as "Hallo new day, give the world a message and the message is yes," which Reynolds felt reflected the influence of Marsh's experiences at Shoom.[7]

After the completion of Happiness but prior to its release, "The Sun Rising" was issued as a single and became the band's commercial breakthrough.[3] It entered the UK Singles Chart in October 1989 and peaked at number 26 the following month.[14] "Hello" was issued as the follow-up single and became an international hit,[2] receiving much airplay and earning the duo a reputation as potential "successors to the Pet Shop Boys," recalls Lewis.[4] In the UK, the single entered the charts in January 1990 and peaked at number 19 in February.[14] The remixed version of "Your Love Takes Me Higher" became the album's third hit single,[4] reaching number 39 in March.[14] A further single, "Time After Time", reached number 46 on the chart in June.[14] Keyboard magazine, who noted the eclectic nature of Happiness, also noted the diversity between the album's run of singles, saying they "included a tune built around a haunting Renaissance vocal riff, a phone-book recitation of rhymed names, a thumping house cut and, most recently, 'Time After Time', a medium-tempo trance/dance number featuring a real violin section and an acoustic piano solo."[5]

Critic Jason Ankeny writes that the album "achieved significant success both in and out of clubs."[2] Released on 19 February 1990,[15] Happiness was issued in the United Kingdom by WEA subsidiary East West Records.[10][14] It debuted and peaked at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart, and spent the fourteen weeks on the chart, including six weeks in the top forty.[14] In the United States, Happiness was released in March by Atlantic Records.[9][16][16] It spent nine weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 154 in May 1990.[17] Later in 1990, the album was followed with a remix album entitled Blissed Out, consisting almost entirely of remixes of songs from Happiness.[18]

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[19]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music	[3]
Rolling Stone	[20]
Select	4/5[6]
The Village Voice	B[12]

Upon release, Happiness received critical acclaim.[11] The album was named a "Staff Selection" in Spin, where reviewer Robin Reinhardt felt that the record's combination of pop and house resulted in a "catchy new disco noise that puts [the Beloved's] predecessors to shame." She concluded that, accented by "an airy female voice," the group "add a new dimension to the dance floor."[21] Despite the rap and house music that inspired the Beloved, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice felt parts of the album resembled acts like the Human League, New Order and Heaven 17, but noted "against all odds, [the Beloved are] fun, even happy." He felt the album's rejection of "idiot pessimism" in favour of "hopeful optimism" was an informed choice, and concluded that the group's "tuneful rhythm tapestry will make you smile."[12] In Mademoiselle, the album was listed among the "Editor's Picks", and the accompanying reviewer felt the album's "ecstatic testaments to the omnipotence of love make emotion sexy again."[13]

In a retrospective review, Gareth Grundy of Select wrote that Happiness was "the acceptable pop face" of the second summer of love. He praised its "fantastic, irresistible pop songs", as well as hailing "The Sun Rising" as a "proto-Screamadelica come-down epic."[6] John Bush of AllMusic named Happiness an "Album Pick", and said that although the "post-rave synth-popsters are a bit too heavily tied to the heady days of ABC and Erasure," the album nonetheless "suits its title with a set of undeniably pleasant dance-pop."[9] The third edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide defines the Beloved as sounding like a "darker, less ironic Pet Shop Boys" during the album's best moments.[16] In The Rough Guide to Rock, Justin Lewis highlights Happiness as the best Beloved album, describing it as a "feel-good soundtrack to the early 90s pop and dance scene." He highlighted "Scarlet Beautiful" and "The Sun Rising", the latter of which he called the group's "finest moment."[4] In The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, writer Colin Larkin commented that the album "perfectly embodied the tripped-out vibes of the times and sealed the Beloved's fashionable success in worldwide territories."[3]

At the end of 1990, numerous magazines featured Happiness in their lists of the best albums of the year; it was ranked 5th by The Face, 19th by Select, 26th in the NME and also in Q magazine's unranked 50 best albums of the year.[22][23] Radio X also include Happiness in their list of "The Best Albums of 1990".[24] In 1996, Mixmag ranked the album at number 48 in its list of the "Best Dance Albums of All Time",[25] while, in his book Bring the Noise, Simon Reynolds lists the album as an example of the micro-genre he terms "Positivity 1990", alongside records by Deee-Lite, Soul II Soul, De La Soul and A Tribe Called Quest.[26] Critic William Cooper of AllMusic considers Happiness to be the best introduction to the Beloved's music.[18] Gary Mulholland features "The Sun Rising" in his 2002 book This Is Uncool: The 500 Best Singles Since Punk Rock.[27]