Hadramphus tuberculatus

Hadramphus tuberculatus (known as the Canterbury knobbled weevil, Spaniard weevil or Banks Peninsula speargrass weevil) is a rare weevil endemic to Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. It was thought to be extinct in 1922 but was rediscovered in 2004.

Hadramphus tuberculatus
Illustrated by Des Helmore

Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Family:
Curculionidae
Subfamily:
Molytinae
Genus:
Hadramphus
Species:
H. tuberculatus
Binomial name
Hadramphus tuberculatus
(Pascoe, 1877)
Synonyms
  • Karocolens tuberculatus Kuschel, 1987 (disputed)
  • Lyperobius tuberculatus Pascoe, 1877

Description

H. tuberculatus is a flightless weevil with a knobbed back. It reaches a length of 11.7–16.3 millimetres (0.46–0.64 in) and a width of 6.5–8.3 mm (0.26–0.33 in). It has a dark brown body with greyish-brown scales.

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Francis Pascoe in 1877 using specimens collected in Canterbury and supplied by Charles Marcus Wakefield.[2]

Status

The knobbled weevil were apparently common over the Canterbury Plains in the 1870s. Possible causes for its disappearance were the removal by farmers of speargrass (Aciphylla), its host plant, and the arrival of predatory European rats. It was last seen in 1922, and was considered extinct until it was rediscovered in late 2004 by research students of the University of Canterbury at Burkes Pass near Lake Tekapo, South Canterbury, New Zealand.[3][4] It is now listed as nationally endangered by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List.[1] A detailed ecological study conducted by researchers at Lincoln University in 2009–2011 estimated the population size at Burkes Pass to be only 138 individuals in 2009, decreasing each year to 76 in 2011.[5]

  • Hadramphus tuberculatus with pollen from Aciphylla aurea flower on rostrum
  • Hadramphus tuberculatus recaptured during mark recapture study at Burkes Pass Scenic Reserve
  • Captive rearing study of Hadramphus tuberculatus on a young Aciphylla aurea in an enclosure at Lincoln University
  • Hadramphus tuberculatus on Aciphylla aurea.

References
  1. Chinn, W. (2014). "Hadramphus tuberculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T39307A21424332. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T39307A21424332.en.
  2. Pascoe, Francis P. (1877). "Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. — Part IV". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4. 19: 142. ISSN 0374-5481 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  3. Beston, Anne (May 25, 2005). "'Extinct' bug found alive and well in high-country reserve". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  4. Young, L. M.; Marris, J. W. M.; Pawson, S. M. (2008). "Back from extinction: Rediscovery of the Canterbury knobbled weevil Hadramphus tuberculatus(Pascoe 1877) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a review of its historical distribution". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 35 (4): 323. doi:10.1080/03014220809510129.
  5. Fountain, E. D.; Wiseman, B. H.; Cruickshank, R. H.; Paterson, A. M. (2013). "The ecology and conservation of Hadramphus tuberculatus (Pascoe 1877) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)" (PDF). Journal of Insect Conservation. 17 (4): 737. doi:10.1007/s10841-013-9557-9.
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