Syncytin-2

Syncytin-2 also known as endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERVFRD-1 gene.[5] This protein plays a key role in the implantation of human embryos in the womb.[6]

ERVFRD-1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesERVFRD-1, ERVFRDE1, GLLL6191, HERV-FRD, HERV-W/FRD, UNQ6191, envFRD, endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, envelope
External IDsOMIM: 610524 MGI: 3045308 HomoloGene: 86779 GeneCards: ERVFRD-1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 6 (human)[1]
Band6p24.2Start11,102,489 bp[1]
End11,111,725 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

405754

239167

Ensembl

ENSG00000244476

ENSMUSG00000047977

UniProt

P60508

Q8BI41

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_207582

NM_173420

RefSeq (protein)

NP_997465

NP_775596

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 11.1 – 11.11 MbChr 14: 69.29 – 69.29 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

This gene is conserved among all primates, with an estimated age of 45 million years. The receptor for this fusogenic env protein is MFSD2. The mouse syncytins are not true orthologues.[7]

The virus, along with some very similar insertions, belong to a group under the Gammaretrovirus-like class I ERVs. Similar ERVs are found in artiodactyls, a result of an independent integration event.[8] A proposed nomenclature suggests putting all such "class I" elements in a genus-level taxon separate from Gammaretrovirus.[9]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000244476 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047977 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: HERV-FRD HERV-FRD provirus ancestral Env polyprotein".
  6. Vargas A, Moreau J, Landry S, LeBellego F, Toufaily C, Rassart E, Lafond J, Barbeau B (2009). "Syncytin-2 plays an important role in the fusion of human trophoblast cells". Journal of Molecular Biology. 392 (2): 301–18. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.025. PMID 19616006.
  7. Lavialle C, Cornelis G, Dupressoir A, Esnault C, Heidmann O, Vernochet C, Heidmann T (September 2013). "Paleovirology of 'syncytins', retroviral env genes exapted for a role in placentation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 368 (1626): 20120507. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0507. PMC 3758191. PMID 23938756.
  8. Vargiu, L; Rodriguez-Tomé, P; Sperber, GO; Cadeddu, M; Grandi, N; Blikstad, V; Tramontano, E; Blomberg, J (22 January 2016). "Classification and characterization of human endogenous retroviruses; mosaic forms are common". Retrovirology. 13: 7. doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0232-y. PMC 4724089. PMID 26800882.
  9. Gifford, RJ; Blomberg, J; Coffin, JM; Fan, H; Heidmann, T; Mayer, J; Stoye, J; Tristem, M; Johnson, WE (28 August 2018). "Nomenclature for endogenous retrovirus (ERV) loci". Retrovirology. 15 (1): 59. doi:10.1186/s12977-018-0442-1. PMID 30153831.

Further reading

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