HCCS (gene)

HCCS
Identifiers
Aliases	HCCS, CCHL, MCOPS7, MLS, LSDMCA1, holocytochrome c synthase
External IDs	OMIM: 300056 MGI: 106911 HomoloGene: 3897 GeneCards: HCCS
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)[1]
End	11,123,086 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)[2]
End	169,320,372 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• metal ion binding; • lyase activity; • holocytochrome-c synthase activity;
Cellular component	• mitochondrion; • mitochondrial inner membrane; • membrane;
Biological process	• oxidation-reduction process; • animal organ morphogenesis; • cytochrome c-heme linkage;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3052
	15159
	ENSG00000004961
	ENSMUSG00000031352
	P53701
	P53702
	NM_005333; NM_001122608; NM_001171991
	NM_008222; NM_001331049; NM_001331050
	NP_001116080; NP_001165462; NP_005324
	NP_001317978; NP_001317979; NP_032248
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Cytochrome c-type heme lyase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HCCS gene on chromosome X.[5]

Structure

The HCCS gene is located on the Xp22 region of chromosome X and encodes a protein that is ~30 kDa in size. The HCCS protein is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is expressed in multiple tissue including prominently in the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system.[6]

Function

The HCCS protein functions as a lyase to covalently attach the heme group to the apoprotein of cytochrome c on the inner mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondrion.[7] The heme group is required for cytochrome c to transport electrons from complex III to complex IV of the electron transport chain during respiration. Heme attachment to cytochrome c takes place in the intermembrane space and requires conserved heme-interacting residues on HCCS on one of the two heme-binding domains on HCCS, including His154.[8] The HCCS protein may function to regulate mitochondrial lipid and total mitochondrial mass in response to mitochondrial dysfunctions.[9]

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the MCCS gene cause Microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) syndrome,[10] also known as MIDAS syndrome, microphthalmia, syndromic 7 (MCOPS7), or microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea.[11][12] MLS is a rare X-linked dominant male-lethal disease characterized by unilateral or bilateral microphthalmia and linear skin defects in affected females, and in utero lethality for affected males.[11]

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000004961 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031352 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Entrez Gene: HCCS holocytochrome c synthase (cytochrome c heme-lyase)".
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/genes/ENSG00000004961
Babbitt SE, San Francisco B, Mendez DL, Lukat-Rodgers GS, Rodgers KR, Bretsnyder EC, Kranz RG (2014). "Mechanisms of mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase and the key roles played by cysteines and histidine of the heme attachment site, Cys-XX-Cys-His". J. Biol. Chem. 289 (42): 28795–807. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.593509. PMC 4200240. PMID 25170082.
Babbitt SE, San Francisco B, Bretsnyder EC, Kranz RG (2014). "Conserved residues of the human mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase mediate interactions with heme". Biochemistry. 53 (32): 5261–71. doi:10.1021/bi500704p. PMC 4139152. PMID 25054239.
Nakashima-Kamimura N, Asoh S, Ishibashi Y, Mukai Y, Shidara Y, Oda H, Munakata K, Goto Y, Ohta S (2005). "MIDAS/GPP34, a nuclear gene product, regulates total mitochondrial mass in response to mitochondrial dysfunction". J. Cell Sci. 118 (Pt 22): 5357–67. doi:10.1242/jcs.02645. PMID 16263763.
Wimplinger I, Morleo M, Rosenberger G, Iaconis D, Orth U, Meinecke P, Lerer I, Ballabio A, Gal A, Franco B, Kutsche K (2006). "Mutations of the mitochondrial holocytochrome c-type synthase in X-linked dominant microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79 (5): 878–89. doi:10.1086/508474. PMC 1698567. PMID 17033964.
http://www.omim.org/entry/309801
Wimplinger I, Shaw GM, Kutsche K (2007). "HCCS loss-of-function missense mutation in a female with bilateral microphthalmia and sclerocornea: a novel gene for severe ocular malformations?". Mol. Vis. 13: 1475–82. PMID 17893649.

External links

GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Microphthalmia with Linear Skin Defects Syndrome

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000004961 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031352 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: HCCS holocytochrome c synthase (cytochrome c heme-lyase)".

[6] ttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/genes/ENSG00000004961

[7] Babbitt SE, San Francisco B, Mendez DL, Lukat-Rodgers GS, Rodgers KR, Bretsnyder EC, Kranz RG (2014). "Mechanisms of mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase and the key roles played by cysteines and histidine of the heme attachment site, Cys-XX-Cys-His". J. Biol. Chem. 289 (42): 28795–807. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.593509. PMC 4200240. PMID 25170082.

[8] Babbitt SE, San Francisco B, Bretsnyder EC, Kranz RG (2014). "Conserved residues of the human mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase mediate interactions with heme". Biochemistry. 53 (32): 5261–71. doi:10.1021/bi500704p. PMC 4139152. PMID 25054239.

[9] Nakashima-Kamimura N, Asoh S, Ishibashi Y, Mukai Y, Shidara Y, Oda H, Munakata K, Goto Y, Ohta S (2005). "MIDAS/GPP34, a nuclear gene product, regulates total mitochondrial mass in response to mitochondrial dysfunction". J. Cell Sci. 118 (Pt 22): 5357–67. doi:10.1242/jcs.02645. PMID 16263763.

[10] Wimplinger I, Morleo M, Rosenberger G, Iaconis D, Orth U, Meinecke P, Lerer I, Ballabio A, Gal A, Franco B, Kutsche K (2006). "Mutations of the mitochondrial holocytochrome c-type synthase in X-linked dominant microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79 (5): 878–89. doi:10.1086/508474. PMC 1698567. PMID 17033964.

[omim.org-11] ttp://www.omim.org/entry/309801

[12] Wimplinger I, Shaw GM, Kutsche K (2007). "HCCS loss-of-function missense mutation in a female with bilateral microphthalmia and sclerocornea: a novel gene for severe ocular malformations?". Mol. Vis. 13: 1475–82. PMID 17893649.