Graphium glycerion

Graphium glycerion
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Graphium
Species:	G. glycerion
Binomial name
	Graphium glycerion; (Gray, 1831)[1]
Synonyms
	Papilio glycerion Gray, 1831[2]; Pazala glycerion Moore, 1888[3]; Papilio glycerion caschmirensis Rothschild, 1895; Pazala glycerion phangana Okano, 1986;

Graphium glycerion, the spectacle swordtail, is a species of butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm (northern India, China, Thailand, Laos and northern Vietnam). The species was first described by George Robert Gray in 1831.

Subspecies

G. g glycerion (Nepal, Sikkim, Assam)
G. g. caschmirensis (Rothschild, 1895) (north-western India)
G. g. kimurai Murayama, 1982 (northern Thailand)
G. g. phangana (Okano, 1986) (northern Thailand)

Taxonomy

It may be a synonym of Graphium mandarinus Collins & Morris.[4] It is however treated as a "good species" by Koiwaya.[5] A further problem is that the name glycerion is permanently invalid as a junior primary homonym of Papilio glycerion Borkhausen, 1788.

Graphium glycerion is very little known and as with Graphium mandarinus, G. tamerlanus, G. phidias and G. olbrechtsi few specimens exist.

References

Savela, Markku. "Graphium glycerion (Gray, 1831)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
Gray, George Robert (1831). "Descriptions of eight new species of Indian Butterflies, (Papilio, Lin.) from the collection of General Hardwicke". In Gray, John Edward (ed.). The Zoological Miscellany. London: Treuttei, Wurtz and Co. p. 32.
Hewitson, William C. & Moore, Frederic (1879). "Pazala, n. g.". Descriptions of New Indian Lepidopterous Insects: From the Collection of the Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, M.A., F.L.S., &c. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 283. OCLC 9625544 – via Internet Archive.
Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Koiwaya, S. (1993) Descriptions of Three New Genera, Eleven New Species and Seven New Subspecies of Butterflies from China. Studies of Chinese Butterflies.

External links

Butterfly Corner — Images from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

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[1] Savela, Markku. "Graphium glycerion (Gray, 1831)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 19, 2019.

[2] Gray, George Robert (1831). "Descriptions of eight new species of Indian Butterflies, (Papilio, Lin.) from the collection of General Hardwicke". In Gray, John Edward (ed.). The Zoological Miscellany. London: Treuttei, Wurtz and Co. p. 32.

[3] Hewitson, William C. & Moore, Frederic (1879). "Pazala, n. g.". Descriptions of New Indian Lepidopterous Insects: From the Collection of the Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, M.A., F.L.S., &c. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 283. OCLC 9625544 – via Internet Archive.

[4] Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[5] Koiwaya, S. (1993) Descriptions of Three New Genera, Eleven New Species and Seven New Subspecies of Butterflies from China. Studies of Chinese Butterflies.