Gradle
Gradle is an open-source build automation system that builds upon the concepts of Apache Ant and Apache Maven and introduces a Groovy-based domain-specific language instead of the XML form used by Maven for declaring the project configuration.[2] Gradle uses a directed acyclic graph to determine the order in which tasks can be run.
 | |
| Developer(s) | Hans Dockter, Adam Murdoch, Szczepan Faber, Peter Niederwieser, Luke Daley, Rene Gröschke, Daz DeBoer |
|---|---|
| Initial release | 2007 |
| Stable release | 6.5
/ June 2, 2020[1] |
| Preview release | 6.5 RC1
/ May 26, 2020 |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | Java, Groovy, Kotlin |
| Type | Build tool |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
| Website | www |
Gradle was designed for multi-project builds, which can grow to be quite large. It supports incremental builds by intelligently determining which parts of the build tree are up to date; any task dependent only on those parts does not need to be re-executed.
History
As of 2016 the initial plugins were primarily focused on Java,[3] Groovy and Scala development and deployment, but more languages and project workflows are on the roadmap.
Example Java project
Consider the case where the Maven directory structure is used for Java sources and resources. These directories are: src/main/java, src/main/resources, src/test/java and src/test/resources.
build.gradle
apply plugin: 'java'
Running gradle build will result in
> gradle build
:compileJava
:processResources
:classes
:jar
:assemble
:compileTestJava
:processTestResources
:testClasses
:test
:check
:build
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
The Java plugin emulates many of the expected Maven lifecycles as tasks in the directed acyclic graph of dependencies for the inputs and outputs of each task. For this simple case, the build task depends upon the outputs of the check and assemble tasks. Likewise, check depends upon test, and assemble depends upon jar.
For projects that do not follow the Maven conventions, Gradle allows the directory structure to be configured. The following example would support a project that contains source files in src/java rather than the src/main/java convention enforced by Maven.
build.gradle
apply plugin: 'java'
sourceSets.main.java.srcDirs = ['src/java']
Example Ant migration
Gradle has a very tight integration with Ant, and even treats Ant build files as scripts that could be directly imported while building. The example below shows a simplistic Ant target being incorporated as a Gradle task.
build.xml
<project>
<target name="ant.target">
<echo message="Running ant.target!"/>
</target>
</project>
build.gradle
ant.importBuild 'build.xml'
Running gradle ant.target will result in
> gradle ant.target
:ant.target
[ant:echo] Running ant.target!
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
See also
References
- "Gradle Distributions". Gradle Services.
- "Getting Started With Gradle". Petri Kainulainen. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- "Getting Started · Building Java Projects with Gradle". Retrieved 26 March 2016.
Bibliography
- Berglund, Tim; McCullough, Matthew (July 2011). Building and Testing with Gradle. Foreword by Hans Dockter (First ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4493-0463-8.
- Berglund, Tim (August 2013). Gradle Beyond the Basics (First ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-449-30467-6.
- Ikkink, Hubert (November 2012). Gradle Effective Implementation Guide (First ed.). Packt Publishing. p. 382. ISBN 978-1849518109.
- Berglund, Tim; McCullough, Matthew (May 2013). Gradle DSLs (First ed.). O'Reilly Media. pp. 50 est. ISBN 978-1-4493-0467-6.
- Muschko, Benjamin (Fall 2013). Gradle In Action (First ed.). Manning Publications. p. 390. ISBN 9781617291302.
External links
- Official website
- Official Gradle Enterprise website
- Breaking Open: Gradle - An interview about Gradle and Gradleware, its history, motivation and challenges on YouTube With Gradle founder Hans Dockter and Aleksandar Gargenta