GUS (retailer)

Universal Stores was founded in 1900 as a mail-order business in Manchester, England by Abraham, George and Jack Rose. A private company, Universal Stores (Manchester) Ltd, took the business over, and the company was incorporated in 1917.[1] In 1930, the company changed its name to Great Universal Stores Limited. The next year it was listed on the London Stock Exchange. At this stage, it was the leading mail order business in the UK, with a single catalogue, Great Universal. A second catalogue, John England, was launched later in the 1930s.[1]

In 1932, Isaac Wolfson joined the company as merchandise controller. He became joint managing director in the same year. He was chairman from the late 1940s until his retirement in 1987. Through his wealth gained at Great Universal Stores, he established the Wolfson Foundation in 1955. His son, Leonard Wolfson, followed him as chairman, to be succeeded by David Wolfson (1996–2000).[2]

Great Universal acquired Kay & Company Ltd. in 1937, and continued to run its catalogue, Kays, as a separate title. Based in Worcester, Kay & Company began life in the 1880s and was an established mail order company at the time of the GUS takeover.[1]

Two chains of furniture stores were acquired by GUS, one in 1943 and one in 1945. These stores continued to trade under the names Cavendish or Woodhouse.[1] This was followed in 1958 by the acquisition of a paint and wall covering chain of shops, which GUS expanded to form a much larger and more comprehensive chain of DIY stores. GUS also purchased or developed stores selling women's and children's clothing, buying up the Burberry's and Scotch House businesses in 1955. Burberry's also included a clothing manufacturing business.[1] GUS developed its manufacturing businesses in the 1950s, with products including clothing, bedding, upholstery, textiles and pottery.[1]

GUS acquired A & S Henry & Co group in 1971. This group was primarily a group of manufacturing businesses, which GUS sold off, and a mail order business trading as John Noble which GUS retained. This was followed in 1976 by the acquisition of S & U Stores Ltd with its catalogues, Greenbank and Meridien; the acquisition of Henry Wigfall & Son Ltd in 1977 along with its catalogues All Yours, Wigfalls at Home and Choice Mail Order, and in 1981 GUS acquired the John Myers Home Shopping catalogue business from UDS Group plc. Unlike Kay & Company, all of these acquisitions were brought into the main GUS business and not run as distinct companies. So there were two mail order companies within the GUS group at this stage: the British Mail Order Corporation Ltd (BMOC) and Kay & Company Ltd.[1]

By 1983 the company had expanded its range of operations significantly. Catalogue mail order was by far the company's primary business but the company was also engaged in retailing through shops, the manufacture of clothing and household goods, financial services, property investment and travel.[1] By this time the business was international, with operations in Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Austria, Canada, South Africa and Australia and smaller interests in Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, the United States and Hong Kong.[1]

The company acquired Argos in 1998[3] and the UK's second largest online retailer at the time, Jungle.com, in 2000 for £37 million.[4]

In 2001 the company changed its name to GUS plc using the identifier GUS on the London Stock Exchange. In November 2002, Homebase was acquired by GUS plc for £900 million, where it formed part of the Argos Retail Group. The previous month, GUS had announced that the Jungle.com business was also to be merged into the ARG division of the business and run from Argos' Milton Keynes headquarters.[5] From early in the year the Home Shopping division also embarked on a successful turnaround strategy helped by advisers from Zymolysis.[6]

In 2004, the company sold its traditional home shopping (catalogues) division to the Barclay twins, who later merged the Littlewoods mail order operations into it.[7] This included the iconic Great Universal Stores catalogue, from which the company took its name, and completed the departure of GUS from its original business areas. Around the same time, the Barclays announced the closure of the Littlewoods Index catalogue showroom chain, the principal rival to Argos in the UK, selling around 35 stores to Argos.[8]

Following a reorganization led by Victor Barnett, it was announced in May 2005 that GUS would divest its stake in Burberry by distributing Burberry shares to its own shareholders. The Burberry demerger was completed in December 2005.[9]

On 28 March 2006, it was announced that the company would split into two separate businesses, Home Retail Group and Experian, with both companies listed separately on the London Stock Exchange as of 11 October 2006.[10] GUS plc became a wholly owned subsidiary of Experian plc after the demerger and was renamed Experian Finance plc.[11]

GUS plc ranked as the highest-spending online advertiser in the US, according to Nielsen NetRatings, spending over $US659m in 2006.[12] The next-ranked online advertiser, Vonage, had sales of just over $US294m.[12]

The company had two main divisions:

• ARG – The Argos Retail Group, subsequently demerged to become Home Retail Group, which consisted of several subdivisions, including
  • Argos (previously an independent company, once owned by British American Tobacco) – the UK's largest catalogue retailer
  • Homebase (formerly owned and founded by J Sainsbury) – a DIY (home improvement) retailer
  • ARG Financial Services – provider of store card services, such as the Argos Card and Argos insurance products.
• Experian – a credit reporting agency

Great Universal Stores of Canada Limited operated 150 furniture and appliance stores across Canada as of early 1963. Charles Wolfson, formerly president, became chairman as of 1 January 1963, and John P. Adderley became president and chief executive officer.[13]

In the early 1990s the Canadian company was fined $45,000 (Canadian) for misleading advertising, the largest total fine during that fiscal year. At that point, the company was doing business under the name of Légaré Woodhouse in Montreal and elsewhere in Quebec.[14]

• Wolfson family

• Great Universal Stores, 25 years of progress: 1932 The Growth and Activities of the Great Universal Stores Limited under the direction of Mr. Isaac Wolfson. London, 1957