Gorf

Gorf is an arcade game released in 1981 by Midway Mfg., whose name was advertised as an acronym for "Galactic Orbiting Robot Force". It is a multiple-mission fixed shooter with five distinct modes of play, essentially making it five games in one. The game makes heavy use of synthesized speech, powered by the Votrax speech chip.[2] One of the first games to allow the player to buy additional lives before starting the game, Gorf allows the player to insert extra coins to buy up to seven starting lives.

This article is about the arcade game. For the comic book creator and cartoonist nicknamed "Gorf", see Jordan B. Gorfinkel.
Gorf
North American arcade flyer
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)
Designer(s)Jay Fenton
Platform(s)
Release
Genre(s)Fixed shooter
Mode(s)
CabinetUpright, cabaret, cocktail
Arcade systemAstrocade[1]
CPUZ80 (@ 1 MHz)[1]
Sound(2x) Astrocade (@ 1 MHz)
Votrax SC-01[1]
DisplayRaster, 204 x 320 pixels (Vertical)

Gameplay
Astro Battles, the game's first mission

Gorf is a fixed shooter game in which the players take control of an unnamed starship from the Interstellar Space Force, capable of moving freely on all directions around the lower third of the screen, in an attempt to prevent the Gorfian Empire from conquering Earth. Gameplay comprises five distinct missions; each mission presents its own distinct playstyle, but the central goal of each is to destroy all enemies. Successfully completing all five missions increases the player's rank, which represents the current difficulty level of the game, and loops back to the first mission. Gameplay continues until the player loses all of their lives.

Before starting a new game, players can buy up to seven additional lives by purchasing more credits; an extra life is also granted after clearing the first five missions. Unlike similar games where the player can only fire their weapon after an existing shot has disappeared from the screen, the ship is equipped with a laser cannon capable of firing a single vertical shot (called a "quark laser") at any time, although doing so causes the previous shot to disappear.

Players can advance through the ranks of Space Cadet, Space Captain, Space Colonel, Space General, Space Warrior and Space Avenger, which increases the speed and difficulty of the game and introduces more enemy patterns. Along the way, a robotic voice heckles and threatens the player, often calling and mocking the player by their current rank (for example, "Some galactic defender you are, Space Cadet!"). Depending on the version, the player's current rank is displayed via a series of integrated lit panels on the cabinet.

Missions
  1. Astro Battles: A clone of Space Invaders; it is the only mission that takes place on Earth instead of space. 24 enemies attack in the classic pattern set by the original game; however, the player is protected by a parabolic force field that switches off temporarily when the player's shots pass through it and is gradually worn away by enemy fire.
  2. Laser Attack: The first mission set in space, where the player must battle two formations of five enemies. Each formation contains three yellow enemies that attempt to dive-bomb the player, a white gunner that fires a single laser beam stream, and a red miniature version of the Gorf robot.
  3. Galaxians: As the name implies, this mission is a clone of Galaxian, with the key differences being the number of enemies and the way enemies fire against the player. Gameplay is otherwise similar to the original game.
  4. Space Warp: This mission places the player in a sort of wormhole, where enemies fly outward from the center of the screen and attempt to either shoot down or collide with the player's ship. It is possible to destroy enemy shots in this level.
  5. Flag Ship: The Flag Ship is protected by its own force field, similar to the one protecting the player in Mission 1, and it flies back and forth firing at the player. To defeat it, the player must break through the force field and destroy the ship's core. If a different part of the ship is hit, the player receives bonus points, and the part breaks off and flies in a random direction, potentially posing a risk to the player's ship. When the player successfully hits the core, the Flag Ship explodes in a dramatic display, the player advances to the next rank, and play continues on Mission 1, with the difficulty increased. Later encounters with the Flag Ship on higher ranks include additional enemies during the mission.

Development and release

Gorf was originally intended to be a tie-in with Star Trek: The Motion Picture but after reading the film's script, the game designers realized that the concept would not work as a video game;[2][3] however, the player's ship still resembles the Starship Enterprise.[1] The underlying hardware platform for Gorf allowed arcade operators to easily swap the pattern, CPU and RAM boards with other similar games such as Wizard of Wor, since only the game logic and ROM boards are specific to each game.[1][4] The name of the game is also Frog spelled backwards; "Frog" was the nickname of designer Jamie Fenton (then Jay Fenton) during college.[1][4][5] The game was released in North America on February 1981 and, notably, became one of the first titles to use synthesised speech (powered by the Votrax speech chip) as well as one of the first games to feature multiple screens.[1][2]

Ports

Gorf was ported to various platforms including the Atari 8-bit family, Atari 2600, Atari 5200, BBC Micro, ColecoVision, Commodore 64 and VIC-20 by multiple developers between 1982 and 1983 but due to copyright issues, the Galaxians mission was removed from almost all versions.[1][4] The Commodore 64 port is the only one that features synthesized speech via the Magic Voice Speech module.[6]

Reception
Reception
Review scores
PublicationScore
AllGame(Arcade) [7]
(2600) [8]
(C64) [9]
CVG(VIC-20) 3 / 10[10]
Eurogamer(Arcade) 8 / 10[11]
Electronic Fun(VIC-20) [12]
(2600) [13]
(ColecoVision) [14]
Home Computing Weekly(VIC-20) [15]
TeleMatch(ColecoVision) 3 / 6[16]
Tilt(2600) [17]
Video Games Player(ColecoVision) B+[18]
Awards
PublicationAward
Video (1983)Best Solitaire Video Game (2600)[19]:30
Video (1984)Best Computer Game Audio-Visual Effects (2600)[20]:28
Electronic Gaming Monthly (2006)#183 Top 200 Best Games of All Time (Arcade)[21]

The Atari 2600 version of the game received a Certificate of Merit in the category of "Best Solitaire Video Game" at the 4th annual Arkie Awards,[19][22] and received the "1984 Best Computer Game Audio-Visual Effects" award at the 5th Arkies the following year. At the 5th Arkies the judges pointed out that the Atari versions had out-polled both the ColecoVision and Commodore 64 versions of the game, and they suggested that it is the game's "varied action" that "keeps players coming back again and again."[20]

Regarding the VIC-20 version, Electronic Games wrote that "this fast-moving colorful entry is a must ... one of the best games available for the VIC-20",[23] and Ahoy! stated that the VIC-20 version "still has my vote for the best of the bunch ... The graphics are excellent".[24]

Gorf was included as one of the titles in the 2010 book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.[25]

Legacy

A planned sequel, Ms. Gorf, was never released. It was programmed in the programming language Forth. The source code for the prototype is owned by Jamie Fenton. The game exists only as source code stored on a set of 8-inch floppy disks, and would require access to a development environment that no longer exists in order to compile it into executable machine code.[3][26]

In 2006, an unlicensed port of Gorf was released for the Atari Jaguar CD by hobbyist developer 3D Stooges Software Studios.[27][28][29] Another hobbyist clone for the Game Boy Advance was made available in 2010.[30] Other independent developers have also created titles influenced by Gorf on other platforms.[31][32][33]

Competitive play

On July 8, 2019, Matthew Garrett set a new GORF world record score of 1,543,160 points, recognized by Twin Galaxies. His game spanned 953 missions across 6 hours 41 minutes. Garrett holds the world record for both the arcade 3 & 6 life settings and is the first person recorded to reach mission 500 (having beaten each of the 5 individual levels 100 times) without losing a life. The previous world record was set by Keith Swanson in 2011 with a score of 1,129,660.[34]

References
  1. "Gorf [Model 873]". arcade-history.com. Retrieved 2018-10-06.
  2. GameSpy Staff (February 25, 2011). "GameSpy's Top 50 Arcade Games of All-Time (Page 3)". GameSpy. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  3. "ClassicGaming Expo 2000: Arcade Games Get A Personality". classicgaming.gamespy.com. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  4. "Gorf - Videogame by Midway Manufacturing Co". arcade-museum.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  5. Fenton, Jamie. "1980 - The GORF Coin-op Video Game". fentonia.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  6. Lemon, Kim (2003). "Gorf - Commodore 64, C64 Games, Reviews & Music!". lemon64.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  7. Green, Earl. "GORF (Arcade) - Review". AllGame. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  8. Alan Weiss, Brett. "GORF (Atari Video Computer System) - Review". AllGame. Archived from the original on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  9. Alan Weiss, Brett. "GORF (Commodore 64/128) - Review". AllGame. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  10. "Software R•E•V•I•E•W•S: Commodore Aliens Back To Basics... - Gorf". Computer and Video Games. No. 22. Future Publishing. August 1983. p. 109.
  11. Spencer, Spanner (October 26, 2007). "Gorf • Too bad, Space Cadet". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  12. "Game Reviews - Gorf - Commodore/VIC-20". Electronic Fun with Computers & Games. Vol. 1 no. 1. Richard Ekstract. November 1982. pp. 70–71. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  13. Mills, Kim (January 1983). "Game Reviews - Gorf - CBS Games/Atari VCS". Electronic Fun with Computers & Games. Vol. 1 no. 3. Richard Ekstract. p. 69. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  14. Steere, Noel (August 1983). "Game Reviews - Gorf - Coleco/ColecoVision". Electronic Fun with Computers & Games. Vol. 1 no. 10. Richard Ekstract. p. 56.
  15. Donald, Tom (June 28, 1983). "VIC-20 Software Reviews - Gorf - Commodore". Home Computing Weekly. No. 17. Argus Specialist Publications. p. 33. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  16. "TeleMatch Test - Gorf (CBS/Colecovision) - Das "Galaxian-Phoenix-Invaders"-Spiel". TeleMatch (in German). No. 8. TeleMatch Verlag. January 1984. p. 30. ISSN 0174-741X.
  17. "Tubes - Cassettes - Gorf". Tilt (in French). No. 6. Jean-Pierre Roger. July–August 1983. p. 39.CS1 maint: date format (link)
  18. Dimetrosky, Raymond (November 1983). "Third Wave - Reviews - Video Game Buyer's Guide - Gorf". Video Games Player. Vol. 2 no. 2. Carnegie Publications. p. 54.
  19. Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (February 1983). "Arcade Alley: The Fourth Annual Arcade Awards". Video. Vol. 6 no. 11. Reese Communications. pp. 30, 108. ISSN 0147-8907.
  20. Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (February 1984). "Arcade Alley: The 1984 Arcade Awards, Part II". Video. Vol. 7 no. 11. Reese Communications. pp. 28–29. ISSN 0147-8907.
  21. Semrad, Steve (February 2006). "The Greatest 200 Videogames Of Their Time". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 200. Ziff Davis. p. 76.
  22. "TeleMatch Test - Gorf (Atari VCS) - Eine Kreuzung aus mehreren Weltraumspielen". TeleMatch (in German). No. 5. TeleMatch Verlag. September 1983. p. 28. ISSN 0174-741X. Archived from the original on July 12, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  23. Komar, Charlene (June 1983). "Computer Gaming - Gorf - 'Four Scenarios of Fighting Aliens Make Gorf a Tough Test'". Electronic Games. No. 16. Reese Publishing Company. p. 69. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  24. Salm, Walter (March 1984). "VIC Game Buyer's Guide". Ahoy!. p. 49. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  25. Mott, Tony (2 August 2010). 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die. Quintessence Editions Ltd. ISBN 978-1-74173-076-0.
  26. Newitz, Annalee (2001). "Secrets of Ms. Gorf". Metro Silicon Valley. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  27. "En Bref... - Jaguar". ReVival (in French). No. 31. ABCD Dire. June 9, 2006. pp. 9–10.
  28. Smith, Jason. "Atari Jaguar Timeline". jaguarsector.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 2018-10-06.
  29. "Top Ten Atari Jaguar Games". Retro Gamer. June 23, 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
  30. Ragan, Jess (April 4, 2010). "GameBoy Advance GORF". gbadev.org. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  31. "Left Overs - Hardcore Gaming Info We Couldn't Put Anywhere Else - The Jaguar Roars". GameGO!. Vol. 1 no. 1. Video Game Depot Corp. June 2001. p. 62. Archived from the original on 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  32. Dolce, Mike (May 19, 2002). "Preview - Gorf Pluz / Gorf 2K". Jaguar Front Page News. Archived from the original on April 9, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
  33. "Gorf Pluz Coming For Jaguar, Dreamcast, and PC". DCVision. Consolevision.com. 5 August 2005. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  34. "Twin Galaxies' Gorf High Score Rankings". Retrieved 17 April 2013.
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