Future of the Indian Navy

The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of 2014 the Indian Navy has 41 vessels of various types under construction, including an aircraft carrier; destroyers; frigates; corvettes; and conventional-powered and nuclear-powered submarines. In 2013 a senior naval official outlined the Indian Navy's intention to build a 200 ship navy over a 10-year period.[1] According to Chief of Naval Staff's statement in September 2014, India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy.[2] All 41 ships under construction are being produced in Indian shipyards, both publicly and privately owned.[3] However some projects have suffered from long delays and cost overruns.[4]

Naval Ensign of India
Indian navy Carrier Battle Group in formation, showing some of the latest additions to the fleet.

Increasing Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy interest in the Indian Ocean region[5] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft such as P-8I Neptune and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel[6] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1.[7] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent.[8]

Submarines

  This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Submarine
Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
Arihant class Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) 4  India 6,000 - 7,000 tonnes 1 commissioned,[9] 1 launched,[10]

2 under construction[11]

 A total of four submarines planned in two flights.[12] The first boat of the class, INS Arihant, commissioned in August 2016.[13] The second boat, INS Arighat, is being prepared for sea trials.[12]
S5 class Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) 3  India 13,500 tonnes 3 planned Project was approved with a budget of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.4 billion).[12][14][15]
Indigenous SSN class Attack submarine (SSN) 6  India 6,000 tonnes 6 planned 6 boats are planned and are expected to be constructed at the Shipbuilding Centre (SBC) at Visakhapatnam.[16] Project clearance was granted by the Cabinet Committee on Security in February 2015.[17]
Akula class Attack submarine (SSN) 1  Russia 12,770 tonnes 1 planned In March 2019, India signed a US$3 billion agreement with Russia to lease another Akula-class submarine, which is expected to join the Indian Navy by 2025.[18]

Conventional
Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
Kalvari class Attack submarine 6  India

 France

 1,800 tonnes 2 active, 2 undergoing sea trials
2 under construction[19][20][21]		 All submarines are expected to be in service by 2020.[19]
Project 75I class Attack submarine 12  India 6 planned Defence Acquisition Council cleared the purchase of six submarines worth ₹53,000 crore (US$7.4 billion) in October 2014.[22] In April 2019, an Expression of Interest was issued for twelve stealth submarines capable of remaining underwater for much longer period and firing land-attack and anti-ship cruise missiles.[23]

Midget submarines
Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Midget submarine 2  India 150 tonnes 2 planned Hindustan Shipyard Limited[24] will construct two midget submarine at an estimated cost of ₹ 2,000 crore. SOVs will be used by MARCOS for conducting special operations.[22]

Ships

  This indicates that the project a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Aircraft carriers
Name Picture No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
INS Vikrant 1  India 40,000 tonnes Under construction Expected to be delivered in 2021.[25]
INS Vishal 1  India 65,000 tonnes Planned TO BE INDUCTED AFTER 2030 [26]

Amphibious warfare ships
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Multi-Role Support Vessel Landing helicopter dock 4  India 21,000 to 27,000 tonnes 4 planned Only Indian shipyards partnered with an international shipyard can participate in the programme. The Indian Navy is yet to select a design which meets its specification.[27]
High Speed Landing Craft 6  India 285 tonnes 6 planned In September 2017, Indian Navy issues a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops.[28][29]
Mk. IV LCU Landing craft utility (LCU) 8  India 830 tonnes 7 commissioned
1 under construction		 Seventh LCU got commissioned on May 15, 2020[30]

Destroyers
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Visakhapatnam class Stealth guided missile destroyer 4  India 7,400 tonnes 3 launched, 1 under-construction Follow on of the Kolkata-class destroyer with improved stealth features.

Frigates
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Nilgiri class Stealth guided missile frigate 7  India 6,670 tonnes 1 launched
5 under construction

1 more planned

 Four ships will be constructed by Mazagon Dock while the remaining three by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.[31][32][33]
Talwar class Stealth guided missile frigate 10  Russia 4,035 tonnes 6 commissioned

2 under construction 2 planned[34]

 Four additional vessels to be built in a joint partnership between Russia and India in an Indian shipyard.[35]

Corvettes
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft Corvette (ASW) 16  India 700 tonnes 16 planned Eight vessels each constructed by GRSE and Cochin Shipyard, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026.[36][37]
Next Generation Missile Vessels Corvette (ASuW) 6  India 2,000-2,200 tonnes 6 planned In January 2015, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for six next-generation missile vessels under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category.[38] An RfP worth $2.2 billion was filed by government of India to various Indian shipyards seeking for various warships including missile boats.[39]

Mine countermeasure vessels
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
GSL Mine Counter-Measure Vessels Minesweeper 12  India 12 planned In February 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved the building of 12 minesweepers at a cost of ₹ 32,000 crore in Goa Shipyard Ltd.[40]

Patrol vessels
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Shachi-class offshore patrol vessel (Project 21 class) Offshore patrol vessel 5  India 2,000 tonnes 5 under construction
(2 of these launched)[41]		 The deal is unlikely to be continued as Anil Ambani's Reliance Group, the parent company of RNEL, the contractor for the deal is facing bankruptcy. Further its bank guarantee has been encashed and punitive action has been taken against it due to the delays.[42]
Next Generation OPV Offshore patrol vessel 6  India 2,500 tonnes 6 planned [43][44][45]

Utility and special mission ships
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
DRDO Technology Demonstration Vessel Missile range instrumentation ship 1  India 11,300 tonnesUnder construction Under construction at Cochin Shipyard. Also referred to as Ship No. 20[46][47][48][49]
VC11184 Ocean Surveillance Ship Ocean surveillance ship 1  India 10,000 tonnes Undergoing sea trials[50] Project VC11184 was sanctioned ₹1,500 crore (US$210 million) by the Indian Government with delivery scheduled in 2018.[51][52][53][54]

Replenishment ships
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Replenishment ship 5  India 45,000 tonnes 5 planned Approved in 2014, originally planned to be built by Hindustan Shipyard with Hyundai Heavy Industries as technology partner.[55][56] After their agreement fell through, a consortium of Turkish shipyards replaced Hyundai.[57]

Survey vessels
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Makar class Survey vessel 6  India 500 tonnes 1 commissioned

5 under construction

 The deal is likely to be canceled due to over 10-year delays in the supply by private sector shipyard Alcock Ashdown.[58]
GRSE class Survey vessel 4  India 3,000–3,500 tonnes 1 under construction
3 more planned		 In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for ₹2,500 crore (US$350 million).[59][60] Contract signed in October 2018.[61] Keel for first vessel laid down in November 2019.[62]

Miscellaneous
Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Tugboat 4  India Under construction 10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard[63][64]
Diving support vessel 2  India 7,650 tonnes[65] 2 under construction In December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for ₹2,019 crore (US$280 million). Contract for the same was signed in September 2018. Keel laid for the first vessel in December 2019. The first ship is expected to be delivered in three years.[66][65][67]

Aircraft
See also: Indian Naval Air Arm § Future aircraft
Type Picture Role No. of airframes Origin Status Note
Twin-engine deck-based fighter[ TEDBF] / 0mni role combat aircraft [ORCA] Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter Unspecified  India Under development The design of the Omni Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA), an Air Force variant of the Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF), with significant design differences, was being studied as of 2020. The first flight of the TEDBF is targeted for 2025-26 with the fighter expected to be inducted into the Navy by 2031.[68]
Naval Tejas Mk II Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter 40 to 50[69]  India Under development (flight trials phase) Naval variant of HAL Tejas. A prototype (NP-1) is currently under flight testing.[70] The Indian Navy plans has a requirement for 40 or 50 Tejas to equip two front-line squadrons for the aircraft carriers INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant.[71][72] In December 2016, the navy announced that the HAL Tejas is overweight and it will seek other alternatives.[73]
Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter 57 Planned In late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international Request for Information (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters" (MRCBFs). The main contest is between Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Rafale-M.[74][75]
Medium Range Maritime Reconnaissance Aircraft Reconnaissance and SAR missions 6 to 9 Planned The Indian Navy issued an RFP for six medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft. The possible contenders are; the ATR-72MP/ATR-42MP, the EADS C-295MPA/C-235MPA, the Dassault Falcon 900MPA and the Embraer P-99A. The procurement number was increased to nine as per news reports in February 2012.[76]
Boeing P-8I Neptune Reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW 12  United States 8 in service
4 ordered
10 planned		 Four ordered in 2016 at a cost of US$1.1 billion, ten more planned to be procured at a cost of US$3 billion.[77]
ShinMaywa US-2 Air-sea rescue (SAR) 12  Japan Planned Indian navy intends to acquire 12 US-2 amphibian aircraft for conducting long-range search-and-rescue operations at cost of $1.65 billion. Two US-2s will be directly imported and remaining ten will be assembled locally in India.[78]
Sikorsky MH-60R Multi-Role Helicopter 24  United States 24 on order The helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters.They will be equipped with anti-submarine Mark 54 torpedoes and Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, along with precision-kill rockets.[79]

A contract for 24 helicopters was signed on US president Donald Trump's visit to India.[80]

Grumman E-2 Hawkeye Airborne Early Warning (AEW) 4 to 6 planned  United States planned The U.S. Navy and Northrop Grumman briefed the Indian Navy on the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye on its potential use to satisfy its current shore-based and future carrier-based Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) requirements. The Indian Navy has reportedly expressed interest in acquiring up to six Hawkeyes.[81]
Kamov Ka-31 Airborne early warning and control 10  Russia In service already with INAS339- The Falcons since 2003.[82] More planned. Ministry of Defence has approved purchase of 10 helicopters for $500 million.[83][84]
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter Multi-Role Helicopter 123 Planned To replace Westland Sea King helicopters.[85][86]
Naval Utility Helicopter Utility helicopter 111 Planned To replace HAL Chetak helicopters.[87][88][89][90]

See also

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