Frédéric Alfred d'Erlanger

Baron Frédéric Alfred d'Erlanger (29 May 1868 – 23 April 1943[1]) was an Anglo-French composer, banker and patron of the arts. His father, Baron Frédéric Émile d'Erlanger, was a German[2] head of a French banking house,[3] his mother, Mathilde (née Slidell),[4] was an American.[1]

Life

One of four sons,[5] d'Erlanger was born in Paris.[2] He began his musical studies in Paris under Anselm Ehmant,[1] his only teacher. His first work, a book of songs, was published when d'Erlanger was 20 years of age. Shortly afterwards, in 1886, he moved to London with his elder brother, Baron Emile Beaumont d'Erlanger, to work as a banker,[2] for the private banking firm that his father owned.[3] Both d'Erlanger and his brother became naturalised Englishmen.[3]

A millionaire,[6] d'Erlanger was described as a "genuine Renaissance man"; he was a noted patron of the arts in London and invested in developing countries, financing department store chains in South America and railways in South Africa.[2] He was a founding member of the Oxford and Cambridge Musical Club.[7] "Baron Fred", as he was known, was a frequent participant in the regular Thursday musical soirées of the club.

The supplement to The London Gazette of 27 February 1918, in records of the partners in the firm Erlangers, records Baron Fred's home at that time as Park House, Rutland Gate, London. In 1925, d'Erlanger married Catherine, "a French woman of good family".[8]

Foundation stone of Merebank House, between Dorking and Horsham, dated 10 June 1932

In 1932, he put his name on the foundation stone of what was then the Musicians' House, later renamed Merebank House, in what was then fairly open countryside between Dorking and Horsham, constructed for the Musicians' Union (which he supported) as retirement home for five musicians.[9]

D’Erlanger's own home by then was at 4, Moorgate, but he actually died whilst staying at Claridges Hotel London, a favourite of his, on 23 April 1943, leaving £601,461 in his will, one of his two executors being his nephew, Leo Frederic Alfred D'Erlanger, son of Baron Fred's brother, the French painter Baron Rodolphe d'Erlanger who was the constructor of Ennejma Ezzahra. The other executor was a solicitor.

Music

D'Erlanger's compositions include works of all kinds, notably the operas Jehan de Saintré[1] (Aix-les-Bains, 1 August 1893; Hamburg, 1894), Inès Menso[2] (produced, under the pseudonym of Ferd. Regnal, in London at Covent Garden on 10 July 1897, and subsequently in Germany as Die Erbe); Tess[2] (after Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles[10]), produced at the Teatro di San Carlo, Naples, on 7 April 1906 and at Covent Garden on 14 July 1909, on both occasions under the baton of Ettore Panizza; and Noël, produced at the Paris Opéra-Comique on 28 December 1910.

In 1935 his ballet Les cents baisers, with a libretto by Boris Kochno, was produced by the Ballets Russes, choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska, with decor and costumes by Jean Hugo.[11] His other works included a string quartet, a sonata for violin and pianoforte, an Andante symphonique for cello and orchestra,[1] a quintet for pianoforte and strings, a Suite symphonique for orchestra (1895),[12] a violin concerto, Op. 17, played by Fritz Kreisler at the Philharmonic Concert of 12 March 1903, and a Concerto symphonique for piano and orchestra (1921). One of his later works was a Requiem for solo voices, chorus and orchestra in 1931.[1]

Clearness of form and elegance of idea and expression are the distinguishing marks of d'Erlanger's music, whether in his operatic work, in his chamber and orchestral music, or in his songs.[1]

Selected compositions

Opera
  • Jehan de Saintré (J. & P. Ferrier; 2 Acts. Premiere on August 1, 1893 in Aix-les-Bains).
  • Inès Mendo (P. Decourcelle & A. Liorat, after Prosper Mérimée; 3 Acts. Premiere on July 10, 1897 in Covent Garden, London.
  • Tess (ital. Text: Luigi Illica after Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles; 4 Acts. Premiere 1906 in Naples, Teatro San Carlo).
  • Noël (J. & P. Ferrier; Premiere December 28, 1910 in Paris).

Ballet
  • Les cent baisers (1931)

Concertante Works
  • Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 17 (1903)
  • Andante Symphonique für Violoncello und Orchester, Op. 18 (1904).
  • Ballade for Violin and Orchestra
  • Concerto symphonique for piano and orchestra (1921)
  • Poème for Violin and Orchestra in D (1926)

Orchestral Works
  • Suite Symphonique No. 1 (1893)
  • Suite Symphonique No. 2 (1895)
  • Midnight Rose, Waltz for Orchestra
  • Andante symphonique, Op. 18 (1904)
  • Sursum Corda!, Prelude for Orchestra (1919)
  • Prélude romantique (1935)

Choral Works
  • Messe de Requiem (1930)

Chamber Music
  • Prelude for violin and piano (1895)
  • String quartet (1895)
  • Violin Sonata in G minor (1900)
  • Piano Quintet (1901)

Piano Music
  • Etude Concertante No. 1 (1899)
  • Etude Concertante No. 2 (1900)

Lieder
  • Chanson légère after E.B. Sozios (1896)
  • Les deux sommeils after E.-B. d'Erlanger (1917)
  • Dans tes yeux after E.-B. d'Erlanger (1919)
  • Mon âme à ton coeur s'est donnée after Victor Hugo (1919)
  • Talisman after Th. Salignac (1919)
  • Sérénade florentine after Jean Lahor (1922)
  • En sourdine after Paul Verlaine (1922)

References
  1. Schueneman, Bruce R.; Studwell, William Emmett (1997). Minor ballet composers: biographical sketches of sixty-six underappreciated yet significant contributors to the body of western ballet music. Routledge. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-7890-0323-2.
  2. García-Márquez, Vicente (1990). The Ballets Russes: Colonel de Basil's Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, 1932–1952. Knopf. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-394-52875-5.
  3. "Two veteran bankers". The Bankers' Magazine. 155: 348, 353. 1943.
  4. Davis, Ruth Frances (2004). Maʻlūf: reflections on the Arab Andalusian music of Tunisia. Scarecrow Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8108-5138-2.
  5. McGuinness, Justin (2002). Tunisia handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-903471-28-9.
  6. O'Conner, Garry (1979). The pursuit of perfection: a life of Maggie Teyte. Atheneum. p. 116.
  7. Parker, C. (2003). "Papers of the Oxford and Cambridge Musical Club, 1899–1954". Oxford and Cambridge Musical Club. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
  8. Emerson, Maureen (2008). Escape to Provence. Escape to Provence. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-9558321-0-9.
  9. Anon. (1932), "Musicians’ Home : Foundation Stone Laid at Holmwood : A Picturesque Ceremony", The Dorking and Leatherhead Advertiser, June 1932.
  10. Banfield, Stephen; Block, Geoffrey Holden (2006). Jerome Kern. Yale University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-300-11047-0. d'Erlanger tess.
  11. Irina Baronova and the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, by Victoria Tennant
  12. Wood, Sir Henry Joseph (1946). My life of music. Ayer Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8369-5820-1.
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