Finnish Rural Party

Finnish Rural Party
Finnish Rural Party; Suomen Maaseudun Puolue
Founded	1959
Dissolved	1995 (de facto); 2003 (de jure)
Split from	Agrarian League
Succeeded by	Finns Party (de facto)
Headquarters	Helsinki
Ideology	Agrarianism; Populism
Political position	Syncretic
	Politics of Finland; Political parties; Elections;

The Finnish Rural Party (Finnish: Suomen maaseudun puolue, SMP; Swedish: Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP) was an agrarian[1] and populist[2] political party in Finland. Starting as a breakaway faction of the Agrarian League in 1959, the party was identified with the person of Veikko Vennamo, a former Agrarian League Member of Parliament known for his opposition to the politics of President Urho Kekkonen. Vennamo was chairman of the Finnish Rural Party between 1959 and 1979.

Support for the party was at its highest in the 1970s and 1980s, with its share of the votes reaching around 10 percent in some parliamentary elections.[3] In the 1990s, the party fell into financial trouble and was disbanded in 1995 (formally dissolved in 2003). The True Finns party is the successor of the Finnish Rural Party.

History

The founder of the Finnish Rural Party was Veikko Vennamo, leader of a faction in the Agrarian League (which was renamed Centre Party in 1965). The relations of Veikko Vennamo and the Agrarian League's strong man Urho Kekkonen were icy at best, and after Kekkonen was elected president in 1956 Vennamo ran into serious disagreement with the party secretary, Arvo Korsimo, and was excluded from the parliamentary group. As a result, he immediately founded his own party in 1959.

The Finnish Rural Party started as a protest movement, with support from the unemployed and small farmers.[3] The state-sponsored resettlement of veterans of World War II and evacuees from ceded Karelia into independent small farms provided an independent power base to Vennamo, who was nationally well known, having served as director of the government resettlement agency since the end of the war. Vennamo was the honorary chairman of Asutusliitto, the resettler society, and the society was involved in early campaigning. For the newly founded party, the main carrying force was Vennamo, who was charismatic, a good orator and a skilled negotiator.

The Rural Party won in its best showing with 18 seats in the Finnish parliament (which has 200 seats) in the 1970 election. The party got exactly the same amount of MPs in the next election in 1972, but was soon afterwards split in two as a majority of the parliamentary group, 12 members, resigned to establish a new party called the Finnish People's Unity Party (Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP). The party defectors accused Vennamo of autocratic leadership, while Vennamo accused the defectors of having been bought off with parliamentary party subsidies.

Veikko Vennamo's son, Pekka Vennamo, became the party leader when his father retired in the 1980s. Vennamo Junior had neither the charisma nor the oratorical skills of his father. Other parties noticed this, and the Rural Party was taken into the cabinet in 1983. As a protest movement without a charismatic leader, burdened with ministers participating in unpopular coalitions, the party gradually lost political support.

Agricultural changes proved hard for small farmers, who sold their farms and moved to the cities. The Social Democratic Party was seen as a more credible alternative for the unemployed. Finally, the declining support of the Rural Party forced Vennamo Junior to resign. Some of the party's former MPs joined the Centre Party or retired with Vennamo. The party's last chairman and MP Raimo Vistbacka (the only one elected in 1995) was among the founders of the Finns Party and became that party's first MP and chairman. The Rural Party's last party secretary Timo Soini likewise became the Finns Party's first party secretary. With the Finns Party's electoral success in the 2011 election three former Rural Party MPs returned to the parliament as the Finns Party MPs (Anssi Joutsenlahti, Lea Mäkipää, Pentti Kettunen).

Prominent Ruralists

Chairmen

Veikko Vennamo (1959–1979)
Pekka Vennamo (1979–1989)
Heikki Riihijärvi (1989–1991)
Tina Mäkelä (1991–1992)
Raimo Vistbacka (1992–1995)

Party Secretaries

Köpi Luoma 1959–1960
Eino Poutiainen 1961–1970
Rainer Lemström 1970–1972 ja 1977–1979
Urpo Leppänen 1972–1977 ja 1979–1984
Aaro Niiranen 1984−1989
Tina Mäkelä 1989–1991
Reijo Rinne 1991−1992
Timo Soini 1992–1995

Deputy Chairpersons

Tauno Lääperi 1959–?
Aarne Jokela 1959–?
Rainer Lemström 1. 1976–1977
Aune Rutonen 2. 1976–1982
Eino Poutiainen 1977–1979
Niilo Salpakari 1980–1982
Leo Lassila 1982–1983
Helvi Koskinen 1982–1985
Kalle Palosaari 1. 1983–1988
Lea Mäkipää 2. 1985–
Timo Soini 1. 1991–1992[4]
Toivo Satomaa 2. 1991–[4]
Marja-Leena Leppänen[5]
Jouko Kröger[5]

Chairpersons of the parliamentary group

J. Juhani Kortesalmi (1979–1983, 1986–1987)
Veikko Vennamo (1983–1986)
Heikki Riihijärvi (1987)
Urpo Leppänen (1987–1988)
Sulo Aittoniemi (1988–1994)
Lea Mäkipää (1994–1995)
Raimo Vistbacka (1995)

Party Congresses

Perustava kokous (founding congress) 9.2.1959 Pieksämäki
1. puoluekokous (party congress) 29.–30.1959 Kiuruvesi
2. puoluekokous 3.–4.9.1960 Joensuu
3. puoluekokous 4.–5.8.1961 Jyväskylä
4. puoluekokous 16.–17.6.1962 Pieksämäki
5. puoluekokous 15.–16.6.1963 Seinäjoki
6. puoluekokous 13.–14.6.1964 Kuopio
7. puoluekokous 12.–13.6.1965 Oulu
8. puoluekokous 13.–14.8.1966 Tampere
ylimääräinen puoluekokous (extraordinary party congress) 29.10.1966 Helsinki
9. puoluekokous 5.–6.8.1967 Helsinki
10. puoluekokous 3.–4.8.1968 Kajaani
11. puoluekokous 16.–17.8.1969 Pori
12. puoluekokous ?.8.1970 Lahti
13. puoluekokous 7.–8.8.1971 Oulu
14. puoluekokous 12.8.1972 Kouvola
15. puoluekokous 4.–5.8.1973 Mikkeli
16. puoluekokous 3.–4.8.1974 Turku

17. puoluekokous 1975 Jyväskylä
18. puoluekokous 7.–8.8.1976 Joensuu
19. puoluekokous 6.–7.8.1977 Oulu
20. puoluekokous 5.–6.8.1978 Tampere
21. puoluekokous 4.–5.8.1979 Pori
22. puoluekokous 1.–3.8.1980 Lahti
23. puoluekokous 7.–9.8.1981 Seinäjoki
24. puoluekokous 6.–8.8.1982 Lappeenranta
25. puoluekokous 5.–7.8.1983 Kuopio
26. puoluekokous 3.–5.8.1984 Turku
27. puoluekokous 2.–4.8.1985 Hyvinkää
28. puoluekokous 8.–10.8.1986 Jyväskylä
29. puoluekokous 7.–9.8.1987 Oulu
30. puoluekokous 5.–7.8.1988 Lahti
33. puoluekokous 4.–5.8.1991 Turku[4]
34. puoluekokous 1.8.1993 Mikkeli[6]
35. puoluekokous 3.–4.7.1994 Oulu[5][7][8]

Election results

Parliamentary elections

Year	MPs	Votes	Share of votes
1962	0	49,773	2.2%
1966	1	24,351	1.0%
1970	18	265,939	10.5%
1972	18	236,206	9.2%
1975	2	98,815	3.6%
1979	7	132,457	4.6%
1983	17	288,711	9.7%
1987	9	181,938	6.3%
1991	7	132,133	4.9%
1995	1	36,185	1.3%

Local council (municipal) elections

Year	Councillors	Votes	Share of votes
1960	359	52,524	2.7%
1964		30,683	1.4%
1968	910	165,139	7.3%
1972	646	125,061	5.0%
1976	245	56,091	2.1%
1980	348	83,265	3.0%
1984	639	142,474	5.3%
1988	453	95,258	3.6%
1992	354	64,880	2.4%

Presidential elections

Electoral college elections
Year	Candidate	Votes for SMP electors	Share of votes
1968	Veikko Vennamo	231,282	11.4%
1978	Veikko Vennamo	114,488	4.7%
1982	Veikko Vennamo	71,947	2.3%
1988	Mauno Koivisto (SDP candidate, also supported by SMP)	120,043	4.0%
Direct elections
Year	Candidate	Votes	Share of votes
1994	Sulo Aittoniemi	30 622 (first round)	1.0% (first round)

References

Christina Bergqvist (1 January 1999). Equal Democracies?: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. pp. 319–. ISBN 978-82-00-12799-4.
Zulianello, Mattia (2019). Anti-System Parties: From Parliamentary Breakthrough to Government. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-138-34679-6.
Anders Widfeldt: “A fourth phase of the extreme right? Nordic immigration-critical parties in a comparative context”. In: NORDEUROPAforum (2010:1/2), 7-31, http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/nordeuropaforum/2010-1/widfeldt-anders-7/XML/
Raija Kaikkonen: Tina Mäkelä Smp:n johtoon Helsingin Sanomat 5.8.1991
Pekka Väisänen: Urpo Leppäsen paluuyritys sähköisti Smp:n puoluekokouksen Helsingin Sanomat 4.7.1993
Raija Kaikkonen: Smp:lle uusi johtaja täpärässä äänestyksessä Helsingin Sanomat 2.8.1992
Enävaara 1979
Räisänen 1989

External links

The New Radical Right Taking Shape in Finland, Kyösti Pekonen, Pertti Hynynen and Mari Kalliala; accessed 26 March 2011.

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[Bergqvist1999-1] Christina Bergqvist (1 January 1999). Equal Democracies?: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries. Nordic Council of Ministers. pp. 319–. ISBN 978-82-00-12799-4.

[2] Zulianello, Mattia (2019). Anti-System Parties: From Parliamentary Breakthrough to Government. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-138-34679-6.

[edoc.hu-berlin.de-3] Anders Widfeldt: “A fourth phase of the extreme right? Nordic immigration-critical parties in a comparative context”. In: NORDEUROPAforum (2010:1/2), 7-31, http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/nordeuropaforum/2010-1/widfeldt-anders-7/XML/

[kaikkonen91-4] Raija Kaikkonen: Tina Mäkelä Smp:n johtoon Helsingin Sanomat 5.8.1991

[väisänen93-5] Pekka Väisänen: Urpo Leppäsen paluuyritys sähköisti Smp:n puoluekokouksen Helsingin Sanomat 4.7.1993

[kaikkonen92-6] Raija Kaikkonen: Smp:lle uusi johtaja täpärässä äänestyksessä Helsingin Sanomat 2.8.1992

[7] Enävaara 1979

[8] Räisänen 1989