Faculty (division)

The medieval University of Bologna, which served as a model for most of the later medieval universities in Europe, had four faculties: students began at the Faculty of Arts, graduates from which could then continue at the higher Faculties of Theology, Law, and Medicine. The privilege to establish these four faculties was usually part of medieval universities’ charters, but not every university could do so in practice.

The Faculty of Arts took its name from the seven liberal arts: the trivium[Notes 1] (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and the quadrivium[Notes 2] (arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and related universities, it would more often be called the Faculty of Philosophy.[Notes 3] The degree of Magister Artium (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (Doctor of Philosophy) derives its name from the Faculty of Philosophy, German name of the same faculty. Whether called Faculty of Arts or Faculty of Philosophy, it taught a range of subjects with general and fundamental applicability.

The higher Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine were intended, much like today, for specialized education required for professions. The Faculty of Theology was the most prestigious, as well as least common in the first 500 years—and generally one that popes sought most to control. Although also "professional" education for clergy, theology (until the Enlightenment) was also seen as the ultimate subject at universities, named "The Queen of the Sciences", and often set the example for the other faculties.

The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the traditional four faculties and through the absorption of academic disciplines that developed within originally vocational schools, in areas such as engineering or agriculture.

A Faculty of Arts is a university division teaching in areas traditionally classified as "liberal arts" for academic purposes (from Latin liberalis, "worthy of a free person", and ars, "art or principled practice"), generally including creative arts, writing, philosophy, and humanities.

A traditional division of the teaching bodies of medieval universities (the others being Law, Medicine and Theology), the Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank but also the largest (the higher faculties admitted only Arts graduates).[3] Instead of "Arts", this faculty often had the name "Philosophy". Nowadays this is still a common name for faculties teaching humanities (e.g.,) Norwegian: Det filosofiske fakultet, Slovene: Filozofska fakulteta).

A Faculty of Classics may be focused on ancient history and ancient literature. The title may refer to the following faculties:

• Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge
• Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford

Faculty of Commerce examples include:

• Faculty of Commerce: Banaras Hindu University
• Faculty of Commerce: University of Wollongong
• Faculty of Commerce, Social Welfare & Business Management: University of Calcutta
• Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy: Thammasat University

Faculty of Economics (Ekonomski fakultet in most South Slavic languages) may refer to, amongst others:

• MSU Faculty of Economics, located in Moscow, Russia
• University of Belgrade Faculty of Economics, located in Belgrade, Serbia
• University of Montenegro Faculty of Economics, located in Podgorica, Montenegro
• Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, located in Zagreb, Croatia
• University of Osijek Faculty of Economics, located in Osijek, Croatia
• School of Economics and Business Sarajevo, located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• University of Kragujevac Faculty of Economics, located in Kragujevac, Serbia
• Makerere University School of Economics, located in Kampala, Uganda

Faculty of Education examples include:

• Faculty of Education, Banaras Hindu University
• Faculty of Education, McGill University
• Faculty of Education, Queen's University
• Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge
• Faculty of Education, University of Colombo
• Faculty of Education, University of London
• Faculty of Education, University of Osijek
• Faculty of Education, University of Strathclyde
• Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario
• Faculty of Education, University of Zagreb
• Faculty of Education, Victoria University of Wellington

Faculty of Engineering examples include:

• Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb

The title, Faculty of Graduate Studies, refers not to a specific area of study, but to a Graduate school. Examples include:

• Faculty of Graduate Studies, of the University of Colombo
• Faculty of Graduate Studies, of the Brock University
• Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, of the Carleton University
• Faculty of Graduate Studies, of the University of Kelaniya

A Faculty of Humanities is a university faculty teaching humanities.

Examples include:

• Faculty of Humanities, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• AAU Faculty of Humanities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
• University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg, South Africa
• Faculty of Humanities, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

A Faculty of Information Technology is a university faculty teaching information technology.

Examples include:

• Faculty of Information Technology, Polytechnic University of Tirana
• Faculty of Information Technology, University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar
• Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague

A Faculty of Law is a university faculty teaching law, or a law school faculty.

Examples include:

A Faculty of Management Studies is a university division teaching management studies.

Examples include:

• Faculty of Management Studies, Banaras Hindu University
• Faculty of Management Studies (Delhi), University of Delhi
• FMS Baroda, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
• FMS Udaipur, Mohanlal Sukhadia University

In English-speaking academia, Faculty of Music normally refers to a university department, especially at Oxford and Cambridge (UK). In the US, the use of 'faculty' often relates to academic and teaching staff.

Examples include:

• Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge
• Faculty of Music, Academy of Performing Arts in Prague

Faculty of Natural Sciences examples include:

• Imperial College Faculty of Natural Sciences, England
• Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Slovakia
• Vilnius University Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lithuania

A Faculty of Philosophy is a university faculty teaching philosophy.

In the universities of continental Europe, the Faculty of Arts has more often been named the equivalent of "Faculty of Philosophy" (e.g., Norwegian: Det filosofiske fakultet, Slovene: Filozofska fakulteta). Nowadays this is a common name for the faculties teaching humanities.

Examples include:

• Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cambridge
• Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford
• Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
• Faculty of Philosophy, University of Montenegro
• Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš
• Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb

Faculty of Political Science examples include:

• Faculty of Political Science in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
• MSU Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Russia
• Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University, Turkey
• Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Montenegro
• Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University
• Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University