Euclidean distance matrix

In mathematics, a Euclidean distance matrix is an n×n matrix representing the spacing of a set of n points in Euclidean space. If A is a Euclidean distance matrix and the points ${\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}}$ are defined on m-dimensional space, then the elements of A are given by

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}A&=(a_{ij});\\a_{ij}&=d_{ij}^{2}\;=\;\lVert x_{i}-x_{j}\rVert _{2}^{2}\end{aligned}}}$

where ||.||₂ denotes the 2-norm on R^m.

${\displaystyle A={\begin{bmatrix}0&d_{12}^{2}&d_{13}^{2}&\dots &d_{1n}^{2}\\d_{21}^{2}&0&d_{23}^{2}&\dots &d_{2n}^{2}\\d_{31}^{2}&d_{32}^{2}&0&\dots &d_{3n}^{2}\\\vdots &\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots &\\d_{n1}^{2}&d_{n2}^{2}&d_{n3}^{2}&\dots &0\\\end{bmatrix}}}$