Electric unicycle

An electric unicycle (generally abbreviated as EUC ) is a self-balancing personal transporter with a single wheel. The rider controls the speed by leaning forwards or backwards, and steers by twisting the unit using their feet. The self-balancing mechanism uses gyroscopes and accelerometers in a similar way to that used by the Segway PT.

Self-balancing unicycles at 'Paris sans Voiture' (Paris without cars), September 2015.

Operation

Most commercial units are self-balancing in the direction of travel only (single axis) with lateral stability being provided by the rider; more complex fully self-balancing dual-axis devices also need to self-balance from side to side. The control mechanisms of both use control moment gyroscopes, reaction wheels and/or auxiliary pendulums and can be considered to be inverted pendulum.

As the wheel is large (in comparison with others, say, kick scooters) and because the tire is inflatable, it is possible to jump onto curbs.[1][2]

History
Trevor Blackwell demonstrates his prototype

Early experimentation
See also Monowheel

A hand-power monowheel was patented in 1869 by Richard C. Hemming[3] with a pedal-power unit patented in 1885.[4] Various motorized monowheels were developed and demonstrated during the 1930s without commercial success[5] and Charles F Taylor was granted a patent for a "vehicle having a single supporting and driving wheel" in 1964 after some 25 years of experimentation.[6]

Commercialisation

In 2003, Bombardier announced a conceptual design for such a device used as a sport vehicle, the Embrio.[7] In September 2004 Trevor Blackwell demonstrated a functional self-balancing unicycle, using the control-mechanism similar to that used by the Segway PT and published the designs as the Eunicycle.[8] In November 2006 Janick and Marc Simeray filed a US patent for a compact seatless device,[9]. In 2008 RYNO Motors demonstrated their prototype unit.[10] In January 2009 Focus Designs demonstrates electric unicycle to Segway inventor.[11] In March 2010 Shane Chen of Inventist filed a patent application for a seatless electric unicycle (associated with the "Solowheel" product launched in February 2011[12]). In Oct 2010 Focus Designs published a video of an electric unicycle with hub motor and a seat.[13]

Late in 2015, the Ford Motor Company patented a "self-propelled unicycle engagable with vehicle", intended for last-mile commuters.[14]

  • Device in use
  • Front view of a solowheel
  • prototype RYNO single-wheeled motorcycle (2013)
  • Focus Design demonstration in 2008[17]
  • Hemming's Unicycle, or "Flying Yankee Velocipede", was a hand powered monowheel patented in 1869 by Richard C. Hemming
  • 1931 monowheel by Goventosa

Companies

See also

References
  1. "Learn how to do a rolling jump on a unicycle". YouTube. 2018-03-24.
  2. "How to Jump with ANY Electric Unicycle". YouTube. 2019-07-10.
  3. Improvement in velocipede, 1869
  4. US Patent 325,548
  5. "One-wheeled motorcycles: As cool as they are wildly dangerous". Wired. 24 March 2014.
  6. US Patent 3,145,797
  7. "Hot Wheel". Forbes.
  8. "Journal entry for 25 September 2004". Live Journal. 25 September 2004.
  9. US patent 6,616,313 Motorized transport vehicle for a pedestrian
  10. "A brief history of the RYNO". RYNO.
  11. "SBU meet the Segway | Self-Balancing Unicycle | Focus Designs, Inc". focusdesigns.com. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  12. "Solowheel self-balancing unicycle is as easy to ride as it is to afford". Wngadget. 2011-02-11.
  13. focusdesigns (2010-10-11), Self Balancing Unicycle (SBU) V2.0, retrieved 2018-10-07
  14. Read, Richard (December 29, 2015). "Ford Patent Could Transform Your Car Into A Unicycle". The Car Connection. Internet Brns Automotive Group. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  15. ANALOG — Science Fiction/Science Fact, Vol. LXXXIII, No. 5, July 1969, pp. 120-151. Illustrations by Peter Skirka.
  16. "Little Wheel - game at". Fastgames.com. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
  17. "SBU testing has begun… | Self-Balancing Unicycle | Focus Designs, Inc". focusdesigns.com. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  18. Solowheel
  19. http://no-en.segway.com/about-us-(1)
  20. https://www.ninebot.cn/
  21. https://www.inmotionworld.com/company/who-we-are
  22. https://www.kebye.com/
  23. https://www.kingsong.com/list-13.html

Further reading
Research papers (in reverse date order)
Other
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