Elections in Turkey

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) has 600 members, elected for a four-year term (five years before the 2007 referendum) by a system based on closed list proportional representation according to the D'Hondt method. To participate in the distribution of seats, a party must obtain at least 10% of the votes cast at the national level (the highest electoral threshold in any proportional system in the world) as well as a percentage of votes in the contested district according to a complex formula and votes for parties not seated are redistributed to the party that won the most votes. Independent candidates who receive more than 10% of the votes cast in a province are also seated and in the 2007 and 2011 elections members of the Democratic Society/Peace and Democracy Party evaded the threshold by running as independents and winning about 5% of the seats.

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The president was elected for a seven-year term by the parliament prior to the 2007 constitutional changes, and will be elected for at most two consecutive five-year terms in the future.

Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that is electorally successful. Since 1950, parliamentary politics has been dominated by conservative parties. Even the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of Democrat Party (DP). The leftist parties, most notable of which is the Republican People's Party (CHP) draw much of their support from big cities, coastal regions, professional middle-class, civil service, military officers, and the religious minority of Alevi.[1]

The last general election was held in June 2018.

Schedule
2014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Type Local
Presidential		 General
General		 None Constitutional
referendum		 General
(Parliamentary &
Presidential)		 Local None None None General
(Parliamentary &
Presidential)
  • Bold: latest elections, italic: upcoming elections

General (parliamentary) elections

The following sections give list of key results.[2]

List of elections

Turkey used single house system before adopting the constitution of 1961. By the constitution of 1961 Turkey adopted two house (bicameral) system where the upper house was named as the senate of the Republic. But by the constitution of 1982, the upper house was abolished.

Single house elections before 1960
Date Name of the election
21 July 1946 1946 Turkish general election
14 May 1950 1950 Turkish general election
2 May 1954 1954 Turkish general election
27 October 1957 1957 Turkish general election

Lower house elections 1961–80
Date Name of the election
15 October 1961 Turkish general election, Lower house, 1961
10 October 1965 Turkish general election, Lower house, 1965
12 October 1969 Turkish general election, Lower house, 1969
14 October 1973 Turkish general election, Lower house, 1973
5 June 1977 Turkish general election, Lower house, 1977

Upper house elections 1961–80
Date Name of the election
15 October 1961 Turkish general election, Senate (full), 1961
7 June 1964 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1964
5 June 1966 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1966
2 June 1968 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1968
14 October 1973 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1973
12 October 1975 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1975
7 June 1977 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1977
14 October 1979 Turkish general election, Senate (1/3), 1979

Single house elections after 1983
Date Name of the election
6 November 1983 1983 Turkish general election
29 October 1987 1987 Turkish general election
20 October 1991 1991 Turkish general election
25 December 1995 1995 Turkish general election
18 April 1999 1999 Turkish general election
3 November 2002 2002 Turkish general election
22 July 2007 2007 Turkish general election
12 June 2011 2011 Turkish general election
7 June 2015 June 2015 Turkish general election
1 November 2015 November 2015 Turkish general election
24 June 2018 2018 Turkish general election

Results summary of latest election
  1. AKP: 295 seats
  2. CHP: 146 seats
  3. HDP: 67 seats
  4. MHP: 49 seats
  5. İYİ: 43 seats

Results summary of past elections
  1. AKP: 317 seats
  2. CHP: 134 seats
  3. HDP: 59 seats
  4. MHP: 40 seats
  1. AKP: 258 seats
  2. CHP: 132 seats
  3. MHP: 80 seats
  4. HDP: 80 seats
  1. AKP: 327 seats
  2. CHP: 135 seats
  3. MHP: 53 seats
  4. Independent: 35 seats (included 29 members of the Peace and Democracy Party)
  1. AKP: 341 seats
  2. CHP: 112 seats
  3. MHP: 71 seats
  4. Independent: 26 seats (included 20 members of the Democratic Society Party)
  1. AKP: 363 seats
  2. CHP: 178 seats
  3. Independent: 9 seats
  1. DSP: 136 seats
  2. MHP: 129 seats
  3. FP: 111 seats
  4. ANAP: 86 seats
  5. DYP: 85 seats
  6. Independent: 3 seats
  1. RP: 158 seats
  2. DYP: 135 seats
  3. ANAP: 132 seats
  4. DSP: 76 seats
  5. SHP: 49 seats
  1. DYP: 178 seats
  2. ANAP: 115 seats
  3. SHP: 88 seats
  4. RP: 62 seats
  5. DSP: 7 seats
  1. ANAP: 292 seats
  2. SHP: 99 seats
  3. DYP: 59 seats
  1. ANAP: 211 seats
  2. HP: 117 seats
  3. MDP: 71 seats
  1. CHP: 213 seats
  2. AP: 189 seats
  3. MSP: 24 seats
  4. MHP: 16 seats
  5. CGP: 3 seats
  6. DP: 1 seat
  7. Independent: 4 seats
  1. CHP: 185 seats
  2. AP: 149 seats
  3. MSP: 48 seats
  4. DP: 45 seats
  5. CGP: 13 seats
  6. MHP: 3 seats
  7. TBP: 1 seats
  8. Independent: 6
  1. AP: 256 seats
  2. CHP: 143 seats
  3. GP: 15 seats
  4. BP: 8 seats
  5. MP: 6 seats
  6. YTP: 6 seats
  7. TİP: 2 seats
  8. MHP: 1 seat
  9. Independent: 13 seats
  1. AP: 240 seats
  2. CHP: 134 seats
  3. MP: 31 seats
  4. YTP: 19 seats
  5. TİP: 14 seats
  6. CMKP: 11 seats
  7. Independent: 1 seat
  1. CHP: 173 seats
  2. AP: 158 seats
  3. YTP: 65 seats
  4. CMKP: 54 seats
  1. DP: 424 seats
  2. CHP: 178 seats
  3. CMP: 4 seats
  4. HP: 4 seats
  1. DP: 502 seats
  2. CHP: 31 seats
  3. CMP:[1] 5 seats
  4. Independent: 3 seats
  1. DP: 470 seats
  2. CHP: 69 seats
  1. CHP: 396 seats
  2. DP: 62 seats
  3. Independent: 7 seats
  1. CHP: 287 seats
  2. Independent: 30 seats

Presidential elections
Main article: History of Turkish presidential elections

Local elections

Latest election

Past elections

Referenda

See also

References
  1. Both CMP and CKMP succeeded MP
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-06-09. Retrieved 2015-06-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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