El Hedi ben Salem

Salem was born El Hedi ben Salem m'Barek Mohammed Mustafa in a small village in Morocco to a well to do Berber family. At the age of 15, he married a 13 year old girl. He and his wife would eventually have five children and settled in a town near the Atlas Mountains.[2][3] By the early 1970s, Salem had left his wife and children and moved to Europe.[3]

In early 1971, Salem met director Rainer Werner Fassbinder at a gay bathhouse in Paris in and the two began a romantic relationship.[4] He moved to Germany with Fassbinder and became a part of the director's entourage. He would go on to play several minor roles in Fassbinder's films. Fassbinder eventually cast Salem in the lead role in Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974), a film that explores racism in post-World War II Germany. In the film, Salem portrays a Moroccan immigrant living in Germany who begins a relationship with an older German woman whom he eventually marries.[5] The film brought Fassbinder worldwide critical acclaim and became Salem’s best known role.[3][6] Throughout the mid-1970s, Salem continued to appear in Fassbinder’s films in smaller supporting roles. His final onscreen role was in Fassbinder’s romantic drama Fox and His Friends, in 1975.

Salem and Fassbinder's relationship was reportedly tumultuous. They fought frequently due in part to Salem's short temper which turned violent when he drank.[4] While Salem and Fassbinder were living together in Germany, Fassbinder convinced Salem to bring his two teenaged sons, who lived in Morocco with Salem’s estranged wife, to live with them. Against their mother’s wishes, Salem brought the boys to Germany. The arrangement did not last long as the boys were unprepared for life in a different culture and were often subjected to racism.[3][7] While Fassbinder considered the boys his own, neither he nor Salem were up to the task of raising children.[3] Both frequently drank, took drugs and often left the boys with various friends.[3] One of Salem's sons returned to his mother in Morocco while the other went to different homes and finally, a reformatory.[3]

In 1974, Fassbinder ended the relationship due to Salem's violence and drinking.[4] After the breakup, Salem alcoholism worsened. Director Daniel Schmid, one of Fassbinder's close friends, later told film critic Roger Ebert that shortly after the break up, Salem got drunk and "went to a place in Berlin and stabbed three people."[8] Salem then returned to Fassbinder and told him, "You don't have to be afraid anymore."[9]

After the stabbings, none of which were fatal, Salem fled to France aided by Fassbinder and his friends.[10] Schmid later recalled that Salem had to be "virtually smuggled out of Germany" and that Fassbinder cried the entire time they were driving Salem out of Berlin.[1]

While in France, Salem was arrested and jailed. While in custody at a prison in Nîmes in 1977, Salem hanged himself.[8][11][12][13][14][15] News of Salem's death was kept from Fassbinder for years. He did not learn of his former lover's death until shortly before his own death in 1982.[10] Fassbinder dedicated his last film, Querelle (1982), to Salem.[12]

In 2012, a documentary on Salem's life entitled My Name Is Not Ali, premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival. The film was directed by German filmmaker Viola Shafik.[7]

• El Hedi ben Salem on IMDb