Efficiency ratio

The efficiency ratio indicates the expenses as a percentage of revenue (expenses / revenue), with a few variations – it is essentially how much a corporation or individual spends to make a dollar; entities are supposed to attempt minimizing efficiency ratios (reducing expenses and increasing earnings). The concept typically applies to banks. It relates to operating leverage, which measures the ratio between fixed costs and variable costs.

Formula

Efficiency = input / output

If expenses are $60 and revenue is $80 (perhaps net of interest revenue/expense) the efficiency ratio is 0.75 or 75% (60/80) – meaning that $0.75 are spent for every dollar earned in revenue.

An example

Citigroup, Inc. (2003):

  • Revenues, net of interest expense: 77,442[1]
  • Operating expenses: 39,168[2]

That makes the efficiency ratio = 39,168/77,442 = 0.51 or 51%.

If "benefits, claims, and credit losses", for 11,941, are added to operating expenses, the efficiency ratio worsens to 51,109/77,442 = 0.66

See also

References
  1. Citigroup 10K
  2. Citigroup 10K
Library resources about
Business efficiency

Example
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