Economic consequences of population decline

Population decline has many potential effects on individual and national economy. The single best gauge of economic success is growth in GDP per person, not total GDP.[1][2] GDP per person is a rough proxy for average living standards, for individual prosperity.[3]  Therefore, whether population decline has a positive or negative impact on a country’s citizens depends on the rate of growth of GDP per person and its growth relative to the rate of decline in the population.[1]

References
  1. "Grossly Distorted Picture". The Economist. May 13, 2008.
  2. "Solving the paradox". The Economist. September 23, 2000.
  3. Roser, Max (2019). "Economic Growth". Our World In Data.
  4. Peterson, E. Wesley (Oct 11, 2017). "The Role of Population in Economic Growth". Sage Open. 7 (4): 215824401773609. doi:10.1177/2158244017736094.
  5. "World Population Prospects 2019, Population Growth Rate, Estimates". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
  6. "World Population Prospects 2019, Population Growth Rate, Medium Variance". United Nations Population Division. 2019.
  7. Wallace, P.J. (August 1972). "The Causes and Consequences of Rural Depopulation: Case Studies of Declining Communities" (PDF). US Department of Health Education and Welfare.
  8. Coleman, David (Jan 25, 2011). "Who's afraid of population decline? A critical examination of its consequences". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.702.6098. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Kim, Tammy (Feb 9, 2018). "Americans Will Struggle to Grow Old at Home". Bloomberg Businessweek.
  10. Kotkin, Joel (Feb 1, 2017). "Death Spiral Demographics: The Countries Shrinking The Fastest". Forbes.
  11. Tang, Frank (Apr 12, 2019). "China's state pension fund to run dry by 2035 as workforce shrinks due to effects of one-child policy, says study". South China Morning Post.
  12. Zivkin, K (2011). "Economic downturns and population mental health: research findings, gaps, challenges and priorities". Cambridge University Press.
  13. Anderson, Derek (August 4, 2014). "Is Japan's Population Aging Deflationary?". International Monetary Fund.
  14. Florida, Richard (Sep 30, 2013). "The Great Growth Disconnect: Population Growth Does Not Equal Economic Growth". Citylab.
  15. "Development Indicators for Japan". The World Bank, Databank, World Development Indicators.
  16. "Development Indicators for USA". The World Bank, Databank, World Development Indicators.
  17. "Is Low Fertility Really a Problem?". National Transfer Accounts. 2014.


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