Duke of Schleswig
The following list is a list of jarls and dukes, who ruled over Schleswig respectively Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland).
First jarls/dukes
Houses of Estridsen and Schauenburg (1080–1460)
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | House | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olaf I Hunger |  | c.1050 | 1080-1095 | 18 August 1095 | Estridsen | Ingegerd of Norway c.1070 one child | Jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark. |
| Eric (I) the Good |  | c.1050 | 1095-1103 | 10 July 1103 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Boedil Thurgotsdatter before 1086 one child | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Nicholas (I) |  | c.1065 | 1103-1115 | 25 June 1134 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Margaret Fredkulla c.1105 two children Ulvhild Håkansdotter 1130 no children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Canute I Lavard |  | 12 March 1096 | 1115-1131 | 7 June 1131 | Estridsen | Ingeborg of Kiev 1116 four children | Titled dux Daciae[1] (i.e. Duke of Denmark) |
| Magnus I | c.1106 | 1131-1134 | 4 June 1134 | Estridsen | Richeza of Poland c.1127 two children | Also King of Sweden | |
| Eric (II) the Memorable |  | c.1090 | 1134-1137 | 18 September 1137 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Malmfred of Kiev c.1130 no children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Eric (III) Lamb |  | c.1120 | 1137-1146 | 27 August 1146 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Lutgard of Salzwedel c.1144 no children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Sweyn III of Denmark |  | c.1125 | 1146-1152 | 23 October 1157 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Adela of Meissen c.1152 two children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Canute V of Denmark |  | c.1129 | 9 August 1157 | Helena of Sweden c.1156 no children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. | ||
| Valdemar I of Denmark |  | 14 January 1131 | 12 May 1182 | Sophia of Minsk c.1144 Viborg Cathedral eight children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. | ||
| Valdemar I | | 14 January 1131 | 1152-1154 | 12 May 1182 | Estridsen | Sophia of Minsk c.1144 Viborg Cathedral eight children | Between 1152-1154, titled dux Daciae[2] (i.e. Duke of Denmark), also king of Denmark. |
| Sweyn III of Denmark | | c.1125 | 1154-1157 | 23 October 1157 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Adela of Meissen c.1152 two children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Canute V of Denmark | | c.1129 | 9 August 1157 | Helena of Sweden c.1156 no children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. | ||
| Valdemar I of Denmark | | 14 January 1131 | 1154-1170 | 12 May 1182 | Sophia of Minsk c.1144 Viborg Cathedral eight children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. | |
| Christopher I | 1150 | 1170-1173 | 1173 | Estridsen | |||
| Valdemar I of Denmark | | 14 January 1131 | 1173-1182 | 12 May 1182 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Sophia of Minsk c.1144 Viborg Cathedral eight children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Canute VI of Denmark |  | c.1163 | 1182-1183 | 12 November 1202 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Gertrude of Bavaria February 1177 Lund Cathedral no children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Valdemar II the Victorious |  | 9 May or 28 June 1170 | 1183-1216 | 28 March 1241 | Estridsen | Dagmar of Bohemia 1205 one son Berengaria of Portugal 1214 four children | titled dux slesvicensis[3] (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202. |
| Valdemar (III) the Young |  | c.1209 | 1209-1216 | 28 November 1231 | Estridsen | Eleanor of Portugal 24 June 1229 Ribe Cathedral one child | Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II. |
| Eric (I) Ploughpenny |  | c.1216 | 1216-1232 | 9 August 1250 | Estridsen | Jutta of Saxony 17 November 1239 six children | Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II. |
| Abel |  | c.1218 | 1232-1252 | 29 June 1252 | Estridsen | Matilda of Holstein 25 April 1237 Schleswig Cathedral four children | Also king of Denmark from 1250. |
| Christopher I of Denmark | .jpg) | c.1219 | 1252-1254 | 29 May 1259 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Margaret Sambiria 1248 five children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Valdemar III | c.1238 | 1254-1257 | c.1257 | Estridsen | Unmarried | ||
| Eric I |  | c.1242 | 1257-1272 | 27 May 1272 | Estridsen | Margaret of Rugia 1259 or 1260 three children | |
| Margaret Sambiria (regent) |  | c.1219 | 1272-1282 | 29 December 1282 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Christopher I of Denmark 1248 five children | Regent of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Eric V of Denmark |  | c.1249 | 1282-1283 | 22 November 1286 | Estridsen Part of Denmark | Agnes of Brandenburg 11 November 1273 Schleswig Cathedral seven children | Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark. |
| Valdemar IV | c.1265 | 1283-1312 | 26 March or 7 July 1312 | Estridsen | Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg 1287 one child | ||
| Eric II | c.1290 | 1312-1325 | 12 March 1325 | Estridsen | Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg 1313 two children | ||
| Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (regent) |  | 1292 | 1325-1326 | 1 April 1340 | In the name of the House of Estridsen | Sophia of Werle 1315 four children | Regent in name of his nephew, Valdemar V, placed him on Denmark in 1326 and ruled Schleswig himself. |
| Valdemar V |  | c.1314 | c.1364 | Estridsen | Richardis of Schwerin c.1329? two children | Under regency of his uncle, in 1326 became king of Denmark. | |
| Gerhard I the Great | | 1292 | 1325-1330 | 1 April 1340 | Schauenburg | Sophia of Werle 1315 four children | Regent in name of his nephew, Valdemar V, placed him on Denmark in 1326 and ruled Schleswig himself. |
| Valdemar V | | c.1314 | 1330-1364 | c.1364 | Estridsen | Richardis of Schwerin c.1329? two children | |
| Henry I | c.1342 | 1364-1375 | August 1375 | Estridsen | Kunigunde no children | ||
| Nicholas I | _01.jpg) | 1321 | 1375-1386 | 8 May 1397 | Schauenburg | Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1354 one child | Joint rule with his brother. In 1386 abdicated for his nephew Gerhard. Also count of Holstein-Rendsburg. |
| Henry II of Iron | _01.jpg) | 1317 | 1375-1384 | 1384 | Schauenburg | Matilda of Lippe one child Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin before 1374 four children | Joint rule with his brother. Also count of Holstein-Rendsburg. |
| Gerhard II |  | 1367 | 1384-1404 | 5 August 1404 | Schauenburg | Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1390 six children | Also count of Holstein-Rendsburg. |
| Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (regent) |  | 1385 | 1404-1413 | After 1423 | Schauenburg | Gerhard II 1390 six children |
Respectively mother and uncle, took the regency in name of Henry III. |
| Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein (regent) |  | c.1372 | February 1421 | Unmarried | |||
| Henry III | 1397 | 1413-1427 | 28 May 1427 | Schauenburg | Unmarried | Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers. | |
| Adolphus I |  | 1401 | 1427-1459 | 4 December 1459 | Schauenburg | Matilda before 1433 no children Margareta of Mansfeld 1433 no children | He was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time. Gained royal Danish recognition in 1440. After his death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark. |
| Gerhard III | _01.jpg) | 1404 | 1427-1433 | 24 July 1433 | Schauenburg | Agnes of Baden 2 June 1432 Baden ten children | Co-ruler, also Count of Holstein-Rendsburg as Gerhard VII, younger brother of Adolf VIII, during his lifetime, the claim to dukedom remained disputed by the Danish crown |
House of Oldenburg
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian I (Christian 1.) |  | February 1426 | 1460-1481 | 21 May 1481 | Schleswig | Dorothea of Brandenburg 28 October 1449 Copenhagen five children | First ruler of Schleswig, which was inherited from Holstein-Rendsburg. Also King of Denmark and of the Kalmar Union. |
| John I (Hans) |  | 2 February 1455 | 1481-1513 | 20 February 1513 | Schleswig | Christina of Saxony 6 September 1478 Copenhagen five children |
Ruled jointly in Schleswig, John and Frederick, brothers, ruled togerther, and after the death of John, Frederick, kept the co-rulership with his nephew, Christian II. In 1523 the latter was deposed in both Denmark and Schleswig. They were also in succession Kings of Denmark: John 1481-1513, Christian 1513-23, Frederick 1523-33. John and Christian were also Kings of the Kalmar Union. |
| Frederick I (Frederik 1.) |  | 7 October 1471 | 1490-1533 | 20 February 1533 | Schleswig | Anna of Brandenburg 10 April 1502 Stendal two children Sophie of Pomerania 9 October 1518 Kiel six children | |
| Christian II the Tyrant (Christian 2.) |  | February 1426 | 1513-1523 | 21 May 1481 | Schleswig | Isabella of Austria 12 August 1515 Copenhagen six children | |
| Christian III (Christian 3.) |
 |
12 August 1503 | 1533-1544 | 1 January 1559 | Schleswig | Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg 29 October 1525 Lauenburg five children |
Christian was also King of Denmark. In 1544 divided Schleswig with his half-brothers. John received Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev, and Adolph Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. |
| 1544-1559 | Schleswig-Schleswig | ||||||
| John II the Elder |  | 21 June 1521 | 1544-1580 | 1 October 1580 | Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev | Unmarried | |
| Adolph |  | 25 January 1526 | 1544-1586 | 1 October 1586 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Christine of Hesse 17 December 1564 Schleswig ten children | |
| Haderslev divided between Schleswig and Gottorp | |||||||
| Frederick II (Frederik 2.) | .jpg) | 1 July 1534 | 1559-1588 | 4 April 1588 | Schleswig-Schleswig | Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 20 July 1572 Copenhagen eight children | Also King of Denmark. |
| Frederick III | 21 April 1568 | 1586-1587 | 15 June 1587 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Unmarried | Died without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother. | |
| Philip |  | 10 August 1570 | 1587-1590 | 18 October 1590 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Unmarried | Died without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother. |
| Council of Regency: 1588-1596 | |||||||
| Christian IV (Christian 4.) |  | 12 April 1577 | 1596-1648 | 28 February 1648 | Schleswig-Schleswig | Anne Catherine of Brandenburg 27 November 1597 Haderslev seven children Kirsten Munk 31 December 1615 Copenhagen (morganatic) twelve children | Also King of Denmark. |
| John Adolph |  | 27 February 1575 | 1590-1616 | 31 March 1616 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Augusta of Denmark 30 August 1596 Copenhagen eight children | |
| Frederick IV |  | 22 December 1597 | 1616-1659 | 10 August 1659 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Marie Elisabeth of Saxony 21 February 1630 Dresden sixteen children | |
| Frederick V (Frederik 3.) |  | 18 March 1609 | 1648-1670 | 9 February 1670 | Schleswig-Schleswig | Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1 October 1643 Glücksburg eight children | Also King of Denmark as Frederick III. |
| Christian Albert |  | 3 February 1641 | 1659-1695 | 6 January 1695 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Frederica Amalia of Denmark 24 October 1667 Glücksburg four children | |
| Christian V (Christian 5.) |  | 15 April 1646 | 1670-1699 | 25 August 1699 | Schleswig-Schleswig | Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel 25 June 1667 Nykøbing Falster eight children | Also King of Denmark. |
| Frederick VI |  | 18 October 1671 | 1695-1702 | 19 July 1702 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Hedvig Sophia of Sweden 12 May 1698 Karlberg one child | |
| Frederick VII (Frederik 4.) |
 |
11 October 1671 | 1699-1713 | 12 October 1730 | Schleswig-Schleswig | Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 5 December 1695 Copenhagen five children Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg 26 September 1703 (morganatic and bigamous) one child Anne Sophie Reventlow 4 April 1721 Copenhagen three children |
Also King of Denmark as Frederick IV. In 1713 reunited Schleswig. |
| 1713-1730 | Schleswig | ||||||
| Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (regent) |  | 26 June 1681 | 1702-1708 | 22 December 1708 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp | Frederick VI 12 May 1698 Karlberg one child | Regent on behalf of her son. |
| Charles Frederick |  | 30 April 1700 | 1708-1739 | 18 June 1739 | Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (until 1713) Holstein-Gottorp (after 1713) | Anna Petrovna of Russia 21 May 1725 St Petersburg one child | |
| Christian VI (Christian 6.) |  | 30 November 1699 | 1730-1746 | 6 August 1746 | Schleswig | Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach 7 August 1721 Pretzsch three children | Also King of Denmark. |
| Charles Peter Ulrich | .jpg) | 21 February 1728 | 1739-1762 | 17 July 1762 | Holstein-Gottorp | Sophie Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 21 August 1745 St Petersburg one child | He later ascended as Peter III of Russia. |
| Frederick VIII (Frederik 5.) |  | 31 March 1723 | 1746-1766 | 14 January 1766 | Schleswig | Louise of Great Britain 11 December 1743 Altona five children Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 July 1752 Hillerød one son | Also King of Denmark as Frederick V. |
| Paul I |  | 1 October 1754 | 1762-1773 | 23 March 1801 | Holstein-Gottorp | Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 20 September 1773 St Petersburg no children Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 7 October 1776 St Petersburg ten children | He later ascended as Peter III of Russia. |
| Gottorp reunited with Schleswig | |||||||
| Christian VII (Christian 7.) |
 |
29 January 1749 | 1766-1773 | 13 March 1808 | Schleswig | Caroline Matilda of Great Britain 8 November 1766 Copenhagen two children |
Also King of Denmark. In 1773 reunited Schleswig and Holstein. |
| 1773-1784 | Schleswig-Holstein | ||||||
| Frederick IX (Frederik 6.) |  | 28 January 1768 | 1784-1808 (as Regent) 1808-1839 | 8 December 1839 | Schleswig-Holstein | Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel 31 July 1790 Schleswig eight children | Also King of Denmark as Frederick VI. He had been regent in name of his father, with mental instability, since 1784. |
| Christian VIII (Christian 8.) |  | 18 September 1786 | 1839-1848 | 20 January 1848 | Schleswig-Holstein | Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 21 June 1806 Ludwigslust two children Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg 22 May 1815 Augustenborg no children | Also King of Denmark. |
| Frederick X (Frederik 7.) |  | 6 October 1808 | 1848-1863 | 15 November 1863 | Schleswig-Holstein | Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark 1 November 1828 Copenhagen (annulled 1837) no children Caroline Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 10 June 1841 Neustrelitz (annulled 1846) no children Louise Rasmussen 7 August 1850 Hillerød (morganatic) no children | Also King of Denmark as Frederick VII. |
| Christian IX (Christian 9.) |  | 8 April 1818 | 1863-1864 | 29 January 1906 | Schleswig-Holstein | Louise of Hesse-Kassel 26 May 1842 Copenhagen six children | He was from the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the Oldenburgs. Also King of Denmark. In 1864 the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia. |
In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein became an occupied territory of the German Confederation and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War, part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.
Notes
- Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
- "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
- "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
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