Double salt

A double salt is a salt that contains more than one cation or more than one anion. Examples of double salts include alums (with the general formula MIMIII[SO4]2·12H2O) and Tutton's salts (with the general formula [MI]2MII[SO4]2·6H2O).[1] Other examples include potassium sodium tartrate, ammonium iron(II) sulfate (Mohr's salt), and bromlite. The fluorocarbonates contain fluoride and carbonate anions. Many coordination complexes form double salts.

Mohr's salt, ammonium iron(II) sulfate, (NH4)2[Fe(H2O)6](SO4)2.

Double salts should not be confused with complexes. When dissolved in water, a double salt completely dissociates into simple ions while a hexaaquo complex does not; the complex ion remains unchanged. Similarly, K4[YbI6] is a complex salt and contains the discrete [YbI6]4− ion, which remains intact in aqueous solutions.[1] In many cases, the complex ion is indicated by square brackets "[ ]". Double salts are distinct from mixed-crystal systems where two salts cocrystallise[2]; the former involves a chemical combination with fixed composition, whereas the latter is a mixture.[3]

In general, the properties of the double salt formed will not be the same as the properties of its component single salts.

References
  1. Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
  2. Balarew, Christo (1987). "Mixed crystals and double salts between metal(II) salt hydrates". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 181 (1–4): 35–82. Bibcode:1987ZK....181...35B. doi:10.1524/zkri.1987.181.1-4.35.
  3. Freund, Ida (2014) [1904]. "Mitscherlich and the Connection between Crystalline Form and Chemical Composition". The Study of Chemical Composition: An Account of its Method and Historical Development with Illustrative Quotations. Cambridge University Press. pp. 385–453. ISBN 9781107690301.


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