Demographics of Canada

Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2016 Canadian Census enumerated a total population of 35,151,728, an increase of around 5.0 percent over the 2011 figure.[1][2] Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase.[3] Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth.[4] The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth.[5]

NT
Demographics by province

Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,[6] driven mainly by economic policy and, to a lesser extent, family reunification.[7][8] In 2019, a total of 341,180 immigrants were admitted to Canada, mainly from Asia.[9] New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.[10] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees,[11] accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements.[12][13]

Population
Population density of Canadian provinces and territories
Main article: Population of Canada

The Canada 2016 Census had a total population count of 35,151,728 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.[14][15]

Provinces and territories
Main article: Population of Canada by province and territory
Province or territory Population,

2016 Census

 Population,

2011 Census

 Population

Change (%),

2011–2016

 Total land
area (km2)		 Density
(people/km2)		 House of
Commons seats		 People per
seat
Number Percentage Number Percentage
 Ontario 13,448,494 38.26% 12,851,821 38.39% 4.64% 917,741 14.65 121 111,145
 Quebec 8,164,361 23.23% 7,903,001 23.61% 3.30% 1,365,128 5.98 78 104,671
 British Columbia 4,648,055 13.22% 4,400,057 13.14% 5.63% 925,186 5.02 42 110,668
 Alberta 4,067,175 11.57% 3,645,257 10.89% 11.57% 642,317 6.33 34 119,623
 Manitoba 1,278,365 3.64% 1,208,268 3.61% 5.80% 553,556 2.31 14 91,312
 Saskatchewan 1,098,352 3.12% 1,033,381 3.09% 6.29% 591,670 1.86 14 78,454
 Nova Scotia 923,598 2.63% 921,727 2.75% 0.20% 53,338 17.32 11 83,963
 New Brunswick 747,101 2.13% 751,171 2.24% −0.54% 71,450 10.46 10 74,710
 Newfoundland and Labrador 519,716 1.48% 514,536 1.54% 1.01% 373,872 1.39 7 74,245
 Prince Edward Island 142,907 0.41% 140,204 0.42% 1.93% 5,660 25.25 4 35,727
 Northwest Territories 41,786 0.12% 41,462 0.12% 0.78% 1,183,085 0.04 1 41,786
 Nunavut 35,944 0.10% 31,906 0.09% 12.66% 1,936,113 0.02 1 35,944
 Yukon 35,874 0.10% 33,897 0.10% 5.83% 474,391 0.08 1 35,874
 Canada 35,151,728 100% 33,476,688 100% 5.00% 9,093,507 3.87 338 103,999
Sources: Statistics Canada[16][17]

Cities
Main article: List of the 100 largest population centres in Canada
 
Largest cities or towns in Canada
2016 Census[18]
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop.
1TorontoOntario2,731,57111Quebec CityQuebec531,902
2MontrealQuebec1,704,69412SurreyBritish Columbia517,887
3CalgaryAlberta1,239,22013LavalQuebec422,993
4OttawaOntario934,24314HalifaxNova Scotia403,131
5EdmontonAlberta932,54615LondonOntario383,822
6MississaugaOntario721,59916MarkhamOntario328,966
7WinnipegManitoba705,24417VaughanOntario306,233
8VancouverBritish Columbia631,48618GatineauQuebec276,245
9BramptonOntario593,63819SaskatoonSaskatchewan246,376
10HamiltonOntario536,91720LongueuilQuebec239,700

Census metropolitan areas
Main articles: List of largest Canadian cities by census and List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population
CMA Province Population CMA Province Population
TorontoOntario5,928,040LondonOntario494,069
MontrealQuebec4,098,927St. Catharines–NiagaraOntario406,074
VancouverBritish Columbia2,463,431HalifaxNova Scotia403,390
CalgaryAlberta1,392,609OshawaOntario379,848
Ottawa–GatineauOntario–Quebec1,323,783VictoriaBritish Columbia367,770
EdmontonAlberta1,321,426WindsorOntario329,144
QuebecQuebec800,296SaskatoonSaskatchewan295,095
WinnipegManitoba778,489ReginaSaskatchewan236,481
HamiltonOntario747,545SherbrookeQuebec212,105
Kitchener–
Cambridge–Waterloo		Ontario523,894St. John'sNewfoundland and Labrador205,955
Growth rate of Canadian provinces

Population growth rates

According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/World Bank, the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the world population growth was 27%, a total of 1,423 million people.[20] However, over the same period, the population of France grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the UK increased by 10.0%.

Total Fertility Rates in the 19th century

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Source: Statistics Canada.[21][22]

Years185118711891
Total Fertility Rate in Canada6.566.834.92

Vital statistics
[23][24][25] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Birth rate (per 1,000) Death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Total Fertility Rate[lower-alpha 1][22][26]
1900 5,500,000 150,00089,00061,000 27.216.211.0
1901 5,600,000 175,00079,00096,000 31.214.117.1
1902 5,760,000 180,00077,000103,000 31.313.417.94.8
1903 5,930,000 186,00078,000108,000 31.313.218.1
1904 6,100,000 192,00082,000110,000 31.413.517.9
1905 6,280,000 195,00082,000113,000 31.013.018.0
1906 6,460,000 193,00085,000108,000 29.913.216.7
1907 6,650,000 196,00085,000111,000 29.512.816.74.74
1908 6,850,000 208,00086,000122,000 30.312.617.7
1909 7,040,000 213,00090,000123,000 30.212.817.4
1910 7,250,000 220,00095,000125,000 30.413.117.3
1911 7,460,000 225,000100,000125,000 30.113.416.74.7
1912 7,610,000 238,00099,000139,000 31.313.019.34.62
1913 7,760,000 246,000102,000144,000 31.713.119.6
1914 7,910,000 252,000100,000152,000 31.912.619.3
1915 8,060,000 257,000101,000156,000 31.912.519.4
1916 8,220,000 252,000107,000145,000 30.713.017.7
1917 8,380,000 244,000106,000138,000 29.112.716.44.26
1918 8,450,000 243,000134,000109,000 28.815.912.9
1919 8,710,000 241,000119,000122,000 27.713.714.0
1920 8,880,000 259,000118,000141,000 29.213.315.9
1921 9,060,000 265,000105,000160,000 29.311.617.73.98
1922 9,230,000 261,000107,000154,000 28.311.616.73.86
1923 9,400,000 251,000111,000140,000 26.711.814.9
1924 9,560,000 255,000104,000151,000 26.710.915.8
1925 9,730,000 254,000104,000150,000 26.110.715.4
1926 9,890,000 244,000113,000131,000 24.711.413.3
1927 10,040,000 244,000110,000134,000 24.311.013.33.32
1928 10,190,000 246,000114,000132,000 24.111.212.9
1929 10,350,000 243,000118,000125,000 23.511.412.13.22
1930 10,498,000 251,000113,000138,000 23.910.813.13.28
1931 10,630,000 247,000108,000139,000 23.210.213.03.2
1932 10,794,000 243,000108,000135,000 22.510.012.53.08
1933 10,919,000 229,000106,000123,000 21.09.711.32.86
1934 11,029,000 228,296105,277123,019 20.79.511.22.8
1935 11,135,000 228,396109,724118,672 20.59.910.62.76
1936 11,242,000 227,980111,111116,869 20.39.910.42.70
1937 11,339,000 227,878118,019109,859 20.110.49.72.65
1938 11,448,000 237,091110,647126,444 20.79.711.02.70
1939 11,565,000 237,991112,729125,262 20.69.710.92.65
1940 11,682,000 252,577114,717137,860 21.69.811.82.77
1941 11,810,000 263,993118,797145,196 22.410.112.32.83
1942 11,962,000 281,569117,110164,459 23.59.813.72.96
1943 12,125,000 292,943122,640170,303 24.210.114.13.04
1944 12,291,000 283,967120,393163,574 24.09.814.23.01
1945 12,441,000 300,570117,319183,251 24.39.514.83.02
1946 12,637,000 343,504118,785224,719 27.29.417.83.37
1947 12,919,000 372,443121,478250,965 28.99.419.53.60
1948 13,167,000 359,860122,974236,886 27.39.318.03.44
1949 13,475,000 367,092124,567242,525 27.29.218.03.46
1950 13,737,000 372,009124,220247,789 27.19.018.03.46
1951 14,050,000 381,092125,823255,269 27.19.018.23.50
1952 14,496,000 403,559126,385277,174 27.88.719.13.64
1953 14,886,000 417,884127,791290,093 28.18.619.53.72
1954 15,330,000 436,198124,855311,343 28.58.120.33.83
1955 15,736,000 442,937128,476314,461 28.18.220.03.83
1956 16,123,000 450,739131,961318,778 28.08.219.83.86
1957 16,677,000 469,093136,579332,514 28.18.219.93.93
1958 17,120,000 470,118135,201334,917 27.57.919.63.88
1959 17,522,000 479,275139,913339,362 27.48.019.43.94
1960 17,909,000 478,551139,693338,858 26.77.818.93.895
1961 18,271,000 475,700140,985334,715 26.07.718.33.840
1962 18,614,000 469,693143,699325,994 25.27.717.53.767
1963 18,964,000 465,767147,367318,400 24.67.816.83.694
1964 19,325,000 452,915145,850307,065 23.47.515.93.449
1965 19,678,000 418,595148,939269,656 21.37.613.73.192
1966 20,048,000 387,710149,863237,847 19.37.511.92.749
1967 20,412,000 370,894150,283220,611 18.27.410.82.528
1968 20,744,000 364,310153,196211,114 17.67.410.22.386
1969 21,028,000 369,647154,477215,170 17.67.310.22.334
1970 21,324,000 371,988155,961216,027 17.47.310.12.258
1971 21,962,000 362,187157,272204,915 16.77.39.52.141
1972 22,218,000 347,319162,413184,906 15.87.48.41.98
1973 22,492,000 343,373164,039179,334 15.47.48.11.89
1974 22,808,000 350,650166,794178,851 15.37.47.91.837
1975 23,143,000 359,323167,176191,919 15.67.38.31.824
1976 23,450,000 359,987167,009192,978 15.47.28.31.796
1977 23,726,000 361,400167,498193,902 15.37.18.21.782
1978 23,963,000 358,852168,179190,673 15.07.08.01.768
1979 24,202,000 366,064168,183197,881 15.16.98.21.754
1980 24,516,000 370,709171,473199,236 15.17.08.11.74
1981 24,820,000 371,346171,029200,317 14.96.88.01.7
1982 25,117,000 373,082174,413198,669 14.86.97.91.69
1983 25,367,000 373,689174,484199,205 14.66.87.81.68
1984 25,608,000 377,031175,727201,304 14.66.87.81.65
1985 25,843,000 375,727181,323194,404 14.47.07.51.67
1986 26,101,000 372,913184,224188,689 14.37.17.21.675
1987 26,449,000 369,742184,953184,789 14.07.07.01.68
1988 26,795,000 376,795190,011186,784 14.17.17.01.68
1989 27,282,000 392,661190,965201,696 14.47.07.41.77
1990 27,698,000 405,486191,973213,513 14.66.97.71.83
1991 28,031,000 402,533195,569206,964 14.47.07.41.7
1992 28,367,000 398,643196,535202,108 14.16.97.11.71
1993 28,682,000 388,394204,912183,482 13.57.16.41.7
1994 28,999,000 385,114207,077178,037 13.37.16.11.67
1995 29,302,000 378,016210,733167,283 12.97.25.71.639
1996 29,611,000 366,200212,880153,320 12.47.25.21.592
1997 29,907,000 348,598215,669132,929 11.77.24.41.55
1998 30,157,000 342,418218,091124,327 11.47.24.11.53
1999 30,404,000 337,249219,530117,719 11.17.23.91.51
2000 30,689,000 327,882218,062109,820 10.77.13.61.49
2001 31,021,000 333,744219,538114,206 10.87.13.71.505
2002 31,373,000 328,802223,603105,199 10.57.13.41.52
2003 31,676,000 335,202226,169109,033 10.67.13.41.53
2004 31,941,000 337,072226,584110,488 10.67.13.51.53
2005 32,245,000 342,176230,132112,044 10.67.13.51.54
2006 32,576,000 354,617228,079126,538 10.97.03.91.586
2007 32,930,000 367,864235,217132,647 11.27.14.01.659
2008 33,318,000 377,886238,617139,269 11.37.24.21.681
2009 33,727,000 380,863242,277138,586 11.37.24.11.668
2010 34,127,000 377,213247,926129,287 11.17.33.81.627
2011 34,484,000 377,636254,731122,905 11.07.43.61.61
2012 34,880,000 381,869256,965124,904 10.97.43.61.614
2013 35,293,000 380,323252,338127,985 10.87.33.51.587
2014 35,667,000 384,100258,821125,279 10.87.33.51.582
2015 35,981,000 382,392264,333118,059 10.67.33.31.563
2016 36,503,000 383,102267,213115,889 10.57.33.21.543
2017 36,963,000 376,291276,64999,642 10.27.52.71.496
2018 37,242,000 372,329283,72088,609 10.17.62.51.499
2019(p) 37,797,500 377,246290,40486,842 10.07.72.3

Current population growth

[27]

  • Births from January–March 2019 = 91,285
  • Births from January–March 2020 = 93,117
  • Deaths from January–March 2019 = 77,479
  • Deaths from January–March 2020 = 79,623
  • Natural increase from January–March 2019 = 13,806
  • Natural increase from January–March 2020 = 13,494

Population projection

Life expectancy at birth from 1831 to 2015

Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations.

1831–1911[30]

Year 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911
Life expectancy in Years 39.0 40.3 41.0 41.6 42.6 44.7 45.2 48.6 52.5

1921–1950

Year Life expectancy in
Years		 Year Life expectancy in
Years		 Year Life expectancy in
Years
1921 57.0 1931 60.3 1941 63.7
1922 57.0 1932 61.4 1942 64.6
1923 56.9 1933 62.3 1943 64.6
1924 58.8 1934 62.7 1944 65.3
1925 59.2 1935 62.4 1945 66.3
1926 57.2 1936 62.7 1946 66.5
1927 58.6 1937 61.3 1947 66.7
1928 58.4 1938 63.3 1948 67.3
1929 57.9 1939 63.7 1949 67.6
1930 58.9 1940 64.0 1950 68.2

1950–2015

Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 69.1 1985–1990 76.8
1955–1960 70.3 1990–1995 77.8
1960–1965 71.3 1995–2000 78.6
1965–1970 72.2 2000–2005 79.7
1970–1975 73.0 2005–2010 80.8
1975–1980 74.3 2010–2015 81.8
1980–1985 75.9

Source: UN World Population Prospects[31]

Age characteristics
Population by age and gender, 2016[32]
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0 to 4 years973,030925,7601,898,7905.4%
5 to 9 years1,034,685983,4452,018,1305.7%
10 to 14 years985,200937,4451,922,6455.5%
15 to 19 years1,039,215986,9402,026,1605.8%
20 to 24 years1,144,4951,098,2002,242,6906.4%
25 to 29 years1,144,4701,141,5152,285,9906.5%
30 to 34 years1,148,2901,181,1102,329,3956.6%
35 to 39 years1,118,6351,169,7302,288,3656.5%
40 to 44 years1,104,4401,150,6952,255,1356.4%
45 to 49 years1,157,7601,202,2102,359,9656.7%
50 to 54 years1,318,7551,359,3202,678,0757.6%
55 to 59 years1,285,1901,335,0552,620,2407.5%
60 to 64 years1,114,8851,175,6302,290,5106.5%
65 to 69 years953,0751,019,4051,972,4805.6%
70 to 74 years677,975742,9001,420,8754%
75 to 79 years469,550552,3001,021,8502.9%
80 to 84 years325,765423,880749,6502.1%
85 years and over268,790501,990770,7802.2%
Total 16,414,225 17,062,460 33,476,685 100%
0 to 14 years2,992,9202,846,6455,839,56516.6%
15 to 64 years11,576,13011,800,40023,376,53066.5%
65 years and over2,695,1503,240,4855,935,63016.9%

Other demographics statistics

58.9% of Canadians reported being members of a single ethnic group in the 2016 Census. 31.7% of them stated “Canadian” as their single ethnic origin, followed by Chinese (7.1%), English (5.4%), East Indian (5.4%), French (5.0%), Italian (3.4%), Filipino (3.2%), German (2.8%), First Nations (North American Indian) (2.6%), Scottish (2.3%), and Irish (2.3%).[33]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[33]

  • One birth every 1 minutes
  • One death every 2 minutes
  • One net migrant every 2 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 2 minutes
Population pyramid of Canada in 1950

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[26]

Population
35,881,659 (July 2018 est.)
35,623,680 (July 2017 est.)
Age structure
Population pyramid of Canada in 2017
0-14 years: 15.43% (male 2,839,236 /female 2,698,592)
15-24 years: 11.62% (male 2,145,626 /female 2,023,369)
25-54 years: 39.62% (male 7,215,261 /female 7,002,546)
55-64 years: 14.24% (male 2,538,820 /female 2,570,709)
65 years and over: 19.08% (male 3,055,560 /female 3,791,940) (2018 est.)
0-14 years: 15.44% (male 2,819,279/female 2,680,024)
15-24 years: 11.85% (male 2,171,703/female 2,048,546)
25-54 years: 39.99% (male 7,227,145/female 7,020,156)
55-64 years: 14.1% (male 2,492,120/female 2,529,652)
65 years and over: 18.63% (male 2,958,721/female 3,676,334) (2017 est.)
Median age
total: 42.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 31st
male: 41.1 years
female: 43.7 years (2018 est.)
total: 42.2 years.
male: 40.9 years
female: 43.5 years (2017 est.)
total: 40.6 years
male: 39.6 years
female: 41.5 years (2011)
Median age by province and territory, 2011
  1. Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0
  2. Nova Scotia: 43.7
  3. New Brunswick:43.7
  4. Prince Edward Island: 42.8
  5. Quebec: 41.9
  6. British Columbia: 41.9
  7. Ontario: 40.4
  8. Yukon: 39.1
  9. Manitoba: 38.4
  10. Saskatchewan: 38.2
  11. Alberta: 36.5
  12. Northwest Territories: 32.3
  13. Nunavut: 24.1

Total: 40.6

Sources: Statistics Canada[34]
Birth rate
10.2 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 189th
Death rate
8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 67th
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 180th
Net migration rate
5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 20th
5.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Population growth rate
0.72% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 139th
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.1 years (2012 est.)
Ethnic groups

Canadian 32.3%, English 18.3%, Scottish 13.9%, French 13.6%, Irish 13.4%, German 9.6%, Chinese 5.1%, Italian 4.6%, North American Indian 4.4%, East Indian 4%, other 51.6% (2016 est.)
Note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin (2016 est.)

Canadian 32.2%, English 19.8%, French 15.5%, Scottish 14.4%, Irish 13.8%, German 9.8%, Italian 4.5%, Chinese 4.5%, North American Indian 4.2%, other 50.9%
Note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin (2011 est.)

Languages

English (official) 58.7%, French (official) 22%, Punjabi 1.4%, Italian 1.3%, Spanish 1.3%, German 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, Tagalog 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, other 10.5% (2011 est.)

Population distribution

vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia

Religions

Catholic 39% (includes Roman Catholic 38.8%, other Catholic .2%), Protestant 20.3% (includes United Church 6.1%, Anglican 5%, Baptist 1.9%, Lutheran 1.5%, Pentecostal 1.5%, Presbyterian 1.4%, other Protestant 2.9%), Orthodox 1.6%, other Christian 6.3%, Muslim 3.2%, Hindu 1.5%, Sikh 1.4%, Buddhist 1.1%, Jewish 1%, other 0.6%, none 23.9% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
total population: 82 years
male: 79.4 years
female: 84.8 years (2018 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 47.3
youth dependency ratio: 23.5
elderly dependency ratio: 23.8
potential support ratio: 4.2 (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 11.6%. Country comparison to the world: 110th
male: 13.3%
female: 9.9% (2017 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 81% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010–2015 est.)

Sex ratio:

  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 15 – 24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • 25 – 54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  • 55 – 64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th
male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

Ethnicity

Ethnic origin
Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada

As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 24.5% and 30.0% of Canada's population in 2036, compared with 20.7% in 2011.[35] Statistics Canada further projects that visible minorities among the working-age population (15 to 64 years) will make up 33.7–34.3% of Canada's total population, compared to 22.3% in 2016.[36]

Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2016):

Ethnic origin[37] % Population
Canadian[lower-alpha 2] 32.32% 11,136,134
English 18.34% 6,320,085
Scottish 13.93% 4,799,010
French 13.55% 4,670,595
Irish 13.43% 4,627,000
German 9.64% 3,322,405
Chinese 5.13% 1,769,195
Italian 4.61% 1,587,970
First Nations[lower-alpha 3] 4.43% 1,525,565
Indian 3.99% 1,374,710
Ukrainian 3.95% 1,359,655
Dutch 3.23% 1,111,655
Polish 3.21% 1,106,585
Filipino 2.43% 837,130
British, not included elsewhere 1.87% 644,695
Russian 1.81% 622,445
Métis 1.74% 600,000
Portuguese 1.40% 482,610
Welsh 1.38% 474,805
Norwegian 1.34% 463,275
Spanish 1.15% 396,460
American 1.10% 377,410
Swedish 1.02% 349,640
Hungarian 1.01% 348,085

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006[38] (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

  • Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), French (29.1%)
  • New Brunswick (735,835): Canadian (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): Canadian (49.0%), English (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
  • Nova Scotia (906,170): Canadian (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
  • Prince Edward Island (137,375): Scottish (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%)
  • Ontario (12,651,795): Canadian (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%), German (9.5%), Italian (7.2%)
  • Alberta (3,567,980): English (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
  • Manitoba (1,174,345): English (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), Ukrainian (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
  • Saskatchewan (1,008,760): German (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), North American Indian (12.1%)
  • British Columbia (4,324,455): English (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), Chinese (10.7%)
  • Yukon (33,320): English (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
  • Northwest Territories (40,800): North American Indian (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
  • Nunavut (31,700): Inuit (85.4%)

Bold indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

Visible minority population
Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 1996–2016
Group 1996[39][40] 2001[41] 2006[42] 2011[43] 2016[44]
Total Pct. Total Pct. Total Pct. Total Pct. Total Pct.
Total visible minority population3,197,48011.2%3,983,84513.4%5,068,09516.2%6,264,75019.1%7,674,58022.3%
South Asian670,5902.4%917,0753.1%1,262,8654%1,567,4004.8%1,924,6355.6%
Chinese (East Asian)860,1503%1,029,3953.5%1,216,5653.9%1,324,7504%1,577,0604.6%
Black573,8602%662,2152.2%783,7952.5%945,6652.9%1,198,5403.5%
Filipino234,1950.8%308,5751%410,6951.3%619,3101.9%780,1252.3%
Latin American176,9700.6%216,9800.7%304,2451%381,2801.2%447,3251.3%
Arab/West Asian244,6650.9%
Arab194,6850.7%265,5500.9%380,6201.2%523,2351.5%
Southeast Asian (except Filipino)172,7650.6%198,8800.7%239,9350.8%312,0750.9%313,2600.9%
West Asian109,2850.4%156,7000.5%206,8400.6%264,3050.8%
Korean (East Asian)64,8350.2%100,6600.3%141,8900.5%161,1300.5%188,7100.5%
Japanese (East Asian)68,1350.2%73,3150.2%81,3000.3%87,2700.3%92,9200.3%
Visible minority, n.i.e.69,7450.2%98,9150.3%71,4200.2%106,4750.3%132,0900.4%
Multiple visible minorities61,5750.2%73,8750.2%133,1200.4%171,9350.5%232,3750.7%
Not a visible minority25,330,64588.8%25,655,18586.6%26,172,93583.8%26,587,57580.9%26,785,48077.7%
Aboriginal identity (see breakdown below)799,0052.8%976,3053.3%1,172,7853.8%1,400,6854.3%1,673,7854.9%
European/White24,531,64086%24,678,88083.3%25,000,15080%25,186,89076.7%25,111,69572.9%
Total population in private households28,528,125100%29,639,030100%31,241,030100%32,852,320100%34,460,065100%

By province and territory
Visible minority population by province and territory, 2011[45]
Province/territory Not a visible minority South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Latin American Arab Southeast Asian West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority, n.i.e. Multiple visible minorities Total visible minority population Total population Percent visible minority
Alberta[46] 2,690,960 156,665 133,390 74,435 106,035 41,305 34,920 41,025 16,030 15,000 12,415 6,270 18,840 656,325 3,567,980 18.39%
British Columbia[47] 2,911,295 313,440 438,140 33,260 126,040 35,465 14,090 51,970 38,960 53,770 38,120 6,465 31,160 1,180,870 4,324,455 27.31%
Manitoba[48] 824,830 25,265 17,025 19,610 59,220 9,140 3,235 7,565 2,040 3,045 1,745 1,765 3,975 153,625 1,174,350 13.08%
New Brunswick[49] 696,080 2,445 2,540 4,870 1,100 1,160 1,380 730 305 1,855 305 85 360 17,135 735,835 2.33%
Newfoundland and Labrador[50] 464,540 1,855 1,645 1,455 350 185 370 320 155 80 60 205 250 6,930 507,270 1.37%
Northwest Territories[51] 16,920 185 380 555 895 105 115 230 60 50 45 75 30 2,720 40,800 6.67%
Nova Scotia[52] 825,055 4,965 6,050 20,790 1,890 1,360 6,290 1,155 1,365 960 445 720 1,290 47,270 906,175 5.22%
Nunavut[53] 3,825 95 65 120 130 25 15 30 0 10 0 10 0 510 31,700 1.61%
Ontario[54] 9,070,800 965,990 629,140 539,205 275,380 172,560 151,645 137,875 122,530 78,290 29,085 81,130 96,735 3,279,565 12,651,795 25.92%
Prince Edward Island[55] 130,890 485 1,830 390 85 235 200 205 345 140 210 75 70 4,260 137,380 3.10%
Quebec[56] 6,740,375 83,320 82,845 243,625 31,495 116,380 166,260 65,855 23,445 6,665 4,025 8,895 17,420 850,235 7,732,525 11.00%
Saskatchewan[57] 787,745 12,325 11,300 7,255 16,025 3,250 2,095 4,910 1,600 1,270 720 745 1,775 63,275 1,008,760 6.27%
Yukon[58] 23,590 365 400 100 675 110 0 210 0 0 80 35 35 2,025 33,320 6.08%
Canada[59] 25,186,890 1,567,400 1,324,750 945,665 619,310 381,280 380,620 312,075 206,840 161,130 87,270 106,475 171,935 6,264,750 32,852,325 19.07%

By city over 100,000
Visible minority in Canadian cities over 100,000 people, 2016[45]
City Population Visible minority Black East Asian Latin American South Asian Southeast Asian West Asian Arab Multiracial Other
Toronto 2,731,571 51.5% 8.9% 13.2% 2.9% 12.6% 7.2% 2.2% 1.3% 1.8% 1.4%
Montreal 1,704,694 34.2% 10.3% 3.7% 4.1% 3.3% 3.5% 0.9% 7.3% 0.7% 0.3%
Calgary 1,239,220 36.2% 4.2% 8.5% 2.1% 9.5% 7.3% 1.0% 2.0% 1.1% 0.4%
Ottawa 934,243 26.3% 6.6% 5.1% 1.2% 4.2% 2.7% 1.0% 4.5% 0.9% 0.3%
Edmonton 932,546 37.1% 5.9% 7.3% 1.9% 9.5% 7.7% 0.7% 2.6% 1.1% 0.4%
Mississauga 721,599 57.2% 6.6% 8.7% 2.3% 23.2% 7.2% 1.1% 5.1% 1.9% 1.3%
Winnipeg 705,224 28.0% 3.9% 3.6% 1.0% 5.4% 11.8% 0.4% 0.7% 0.9% 0.4%
Vancouver 631,486 51.6% 1.0% 30.2% 1.8% 6.0% 8.7% 1.4% 0.5% 1.8% 0.2%
Brampton 593,638 73.3% 13.9% 1.7% 2.4% 44.3% 4.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.6% 2.7%
Hamilton 536,917 19.0% 3.8% 2.5% 1.6% 4.2% 2.8% 0.9% 2.0% 0.7% 0.5%
Quebec City 531,902 6.4% 2.4% 0.5% 1.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.1% 1.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Surrey 517,887 58.5% 1.8% 7.8% 1.4% 32.8% 8.8% 0.7% 1.1% 1.2% 0.4%
Laval 422,993 26.1% 7.8% 1.0% 3.1% 2.1% 2.1% 1.0% 8.2% 0.3% 0.1%
Halifax 403,131 11.4% 3.8% 2.2% 0.3% 1.6% 0.9% 0.3% 1.8% 0.3% 0.1%
London 383,822 19.9% 3.0% 3.8% 2.4% 3.1% 2.1% 0.9% 3.6% 0.6% 0.4%
Markham 328,966 77.9% 2.9% 46.8% 0.5% 17.8% 3.8% 2.4% 1.0% 2.1% 0.9%
Vaughan 306,233 35.4% 2.7% 8.7% 2.4% 10.1% 5.1% 2.9% 1.4% 1.4% 0.8%
Gatineau 276,245 13.5% 6.1% 1.0% 1.5% 0.4% 0.7% 0.3% 3.1% 0.3% 0.2%
Longueuil 239,700 18.6% 7.0% 1.4% 3.1% 0.8% 1.3% 0.8% 3.2% 0.4% 0.3%
Burnaby 232,755 63.6% 1.6% 38.9% 2.0% 8.1% 7.7% 2.2% 0.7% 2.1% 0.3%
Saskatoon 246,376 19.8% 2.2% 3.6% 0.8% 5.5% 5.4% 0.5% 1.0% 0.6% 0.2%
Kitchener 233,222 21.8% 4.1% 2.6% 2.6% 5.0% 2.9% 1.2% 1.8% 0.8% 0.8%
Windsor 217,188 26.9% 5.0% 3.6% 1.2% 4.5% 3.0% 0.6% 7.5% 0.9% 0.6%
Regina 215,106 19.2% 3.0% 6.2% 0.6% 5.9% 5.2% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 0.2%
Richmond 198,309 76.3% 0.6% 55.6% 0.8% 7.3% 7.9% 0.6% 0.8% 2.4% 0.2%
Richmond Hill 195,022 60.0% 2.0% 32.5% 0.8% 7.7% 2.7% 10.4% 1.8% 1.6% 0.4%
Oakville 193,832 30.8% 2.9% 9.0% 1.9% 8.9% 2.4% 1.1% 3.2% 1.0% 0.4%
Burlington 183,314 16.0% 2.1% 2.9% 1.3% 4.8% 2.0% 0.6% 1.4% 0.6% 0.4%
Greater Sudbury 161,531 3.8% 0.9% 0.7% 0.2% 0.9% 0.4% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.0%
Sherbrooke 161,323 7.3% 2.2% 0.4% 1.7% 0.3% 0.4% 0.8% 1.2% 0.2% 0.0%
Oshawa 159,458 16.0% 5.5% 2.0% 0.8% 3.8% 1.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8%
Saguenay 145,949 1.4% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
Lévis 143,414 2.2% 0.7% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Barrie 141,434 10.3% 2.7% 1.8% 1.1% 2.2% 1.4% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3%
Abbotsford 141,397 33.7% 1.0% 3.0% 0.8% 25.5% 2.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.2%
St. Catharines 133,113 12.7% 2.9% 2.7% 1.7% 1.4% 1.8% 0.3% 1.1% 0.7% 0.2%
Trois-Rivières 134,413 3.5% 1.4% 0.3% 0.8% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Cambridge 129,920 15.6% 2.5% 1.4% 1.3% 6.2% 2.1% 0.3% 0.8% 0.4% 0.6%
Coquitlam 139,284 50.2% 1.1% 29.3% 1.6% 4.5% 5.2% 5.6% 1.0% 1.7% 0.2%
Kingston 123,798 9.7% 1.5% 2.7% 0.7% 2.0% 1.1% 0.4% 0.8% 0.4% 0.1%
Whitby 128,377 25.3% 8.0% 3.1% 1.1% 6.6% 2.4% 1.0% 0.8% 1.5% 0.9%
Guelph 131,794 18.8% 2.2% 3.6% 1.0% 5.0% 4.1% 1.2% 0.6% 0.9% 0.2%
Kelowna 127,380 9.5% 0.8% 2.9% 0.6% 2.6% 1.6% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2%
Saanich 114,148 22.1% 1.0% 10.5% 0.7% 5.0% 3.0% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2%
Ajax 119,677 56.7% 16.7% 3.2% 1.4% 20.9% 5.3% 2.4% 1.7% 2.4% 2.7%
Thunder Bay 107,909 4.5% 0.6% 1.1% 0.3% 0.9% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0%
Terrebonne 111,575 11.8% 4.5% 0.4% 1.7% 0.1% 0.6% 0.1% 1.7% 0.1% 0.0%
St. John's 108,860 7.0% 1.4% 1.6% 0.5% 1.5% 0.7% 0.2% 1.0% 0.1% 0.1%
Langley 117,285 18.7% 1.0% 8.0% 0.9% 4.4% 3.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.1%
Chatham-Kent 101,647 4.6% 2.1% 0.6% 0.2% 0.6% 0.5% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1%
Milton 110,128 42.8% 4.8% 3.1% 2.4% 21.0% 4.7% 0.9% 3.5% 1.4% 0.9%
Waterloo 104,986 26.4% 1.9% 10.6% 1.4% 6.4% 1.7% 1.1% 1.8% 0.9% 0.6%
Delta 102,238 36.0% 0.8% 9.2% 0.8% 20.3% 3.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3%
Red Deer 100,418 15.5% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 7.0% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% 0.1%

Aboriginal population
Aboriginal population in Canada, 1996–2016 censuses
Group 1996[39] 2001[41] 2006[42] 2011[43] 2016[60]
%Total%Total%Total%Total%Total
Total Aboriginal 2.8% 799,005 3.3% 976,305 3.8% 1,172,785 4.3% 1,400,685 4.9% 1,673,780
First Nations 1.8% 529,040 2.1% 608,850 2.2% 698,025 2.6% 851,560 2.8% 977,230
Métis 0.7% 204,115 1.0% 292,305 1.2% 389,780 1.4% 451,795 1.7% 587,545
Inuit 0.14% 40,220 0.16% 50,485 0.2% 59,445 0.2% 65,025

Note: Inuit, other Aboriginal and mixed Aboriginal groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Aboriginal

By province and territory
Aboriginal population by province and territory, 2011[45]
Province/territory Not Aboriginal First Nations Métis Inuit Aboriginal, n.i.e. Multiple Aboriginal identities Total Aboriginal population Total population
Alberta[46] 2,690,960 116,670 96,870 1,985 3,300 1,870 220,695 3,567,980
British Columbia[47] 2,911,295 155,020 69,475 1,570 3,745 2,480 232,290 4,324,455
Manitoba[48] 824,830 114,225 78,830 580 1,055 1,200 195,895 1,174,350
New Brunswick[49] 696,080 16,120 4,850 485 1,020 150 22,620 735,835
Newfoundland and Labrador[50] 464,540 19,315 7,660 6,265 2,300 260 35,800 507,270
Northwest Territories[51] 16,920 13,350 3,250 4,335 185 45 21,160 40,800
Nova Scotia[52] 825,055 21,895 10,050 695 980 225 33,850 906,175
Nunavut[53] 3,825 125 130 27,070 15 20 27,365 31,700
Ontario[54] 9,070,800 201,100 86,020 3,355 8,040 2,910 301,430 12,651,795
Prince Edward Island[55] 130,890 1,520 410 55 235 0 2,230 137,380
Quebec[56] 6,740,375 82,425 40,960 12,570 4,415 1,545 141,915 7,732,525
Saskatchewan[57] 787,745 103,205 52,450 290 1,120 675 157,740 1,008,760
Yukon[58] 23,590 6,585 845 175 70 25 7,705 33,320
Canada[59] 25,186,890 851,560 451,795 59,440 26,475 11,415 1,400,685 32,852,325

All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census.

By city over 100,000
Aboriginal population in Canadian cities over 100,000 people, 2011[45]
City Population European Total Aboriginal First Nations Métis
Toronto 2,576,025 50.2% 0.7% 0.5% 0.2%
Montreal 1,612,640 67.7% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2%
Calgary 1,082,235 67.3% 2.7% 1.2% 1.4%
Ottawa 867,090 74.2% 2.1% 1.2% 0.7%
Edmonton 795,675 64.7% 5.3% 2.4% 2.7%
Mississauga 708,725 45.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1%
Winnipeg 649,995 66.9% 11.7% 5.9% 6.3%
Vancouver 590,210 46.2% 2.0% 1.3% 0.6%
Brampton 521,315 32.9% 0.7% 0.4% 0.2%
Hamilton 509,640 82.3% 2.0% 1.6% 0.3%
Quebec City 502,595 95.0% 0.9% 0.5% 0.4%
Surrey 463,340 44.5% 2.9% 1.9% 1.0%
Laval 392,725 78.7% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2%
Halifax 384,330 88.4% 2.5% 1.5% 0.8%
London 360,715 82.0% 1.9% 1.4% 0.4%
Markham 300,135 27.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Vaughan 286,305 68.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%
Gatineau 261,665 86.2% 3.5% 1.8% 1.5%
Longueuil 227,970 84.8% 1.0% 0.6% 0.0%
Burnaby 220,255 39.1% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5%
Saskatoon 218,315 77.4% 10.2% 4.9% 4.6%
Kitchener 215,950 80.1% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5%
Windsor 208,015 74.8% 2.3% 1.3% 0.9%
Regina 189,740 78.6% 9.9% 5.8% 3.9%
Richmond 189,305 28.6% 1.0% 0.7% 0.3%
Richmond Hill 184,370 46.9% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%
Oakville 180,430 77.2% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2%
Burlington 173,495 87.1% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3%
Greater Sudbury 157,765 89.1% 8.2% 3.8% 4.1%
Sherbrooke 150,255 93.6% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3%
Oshawa 147,680 88.7% 2.0% 1.2% 0.8%
Saguenay 141,335 96.6% 2.5% 0.8% 1.6%
Lévis 135,835 98.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2%
Barrie 133,240 89.8% 2.6% 1.4% 1.2%
Abbotsford 130,950 66.5% 4.0% 2.5% 1.6%
St. Catharines 128,770 88.3% 1.9% 1.2% 0.6%
Trois-Rivières 126,980 96.3% 1.1% 0.6% 0.4%
Cambridge 125,060 85.4% 2.0% 1.2% 0.6%
Coquitlam 125,015 54.1% 2.1% 1.1% 0.9%
Kingston 118,930 89.7% 2.9% 2.0% 0.8%
Whitby 120,285 79.5% 1.2% 0.7% 0.4%
Guelph 120,550 82.7% 1.6% 1.0% 0.6%
Kelowna 114,570 87.9% 4.5% 2.1% 2.3%
Saanich 107,855 79.3% 2.7% 1.5% 1.1%
Ajax 109,220 53.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.3%
Thunder Bay 105,950 87.1% 9.5% 7.3% 2.0%
Terrebonne 105,610 91.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.1%
St. John's 103,905 93.3% 2.6% 1.2% 0.8%
Langley 103,145 83.2% 3.4% 1.6% 1.7%
Chatham-Kent 101,680 93.2% 2.9% 1.7% 0.9%

Future projections
Ethnic origin by regional group
Group 2016[61] 2036[62][63]
Number % of 2016 population (34,460,065) Number % of 2036 estimated population (43,816,000)
European origins 25,111,695 72.9% 26,113,000 59.6%
South Asian and Middle Eastern origins 2,712,175 7.9% 5,672,000 13.0%
East and Southeast Asian origins 3,144,210 9.1% 5,517,000 12.6%
Aboriginal origins 1,673,785 4.9% 2,633,000 6.0%
African origins 1,198,540 3.5% 2,349,000 5.4%
Latin, Central and South American origins 780,125 1.3% 865,000 2.0%
Other 364,465 1.1% 666,000 1.5%
*Percentages total over 100% due to multiple responses, e.g. German-Indian, Norwegian-Irish.

Languages
Main article: Languages of Canada
Languages in Canada
Language Percent
English
 
 58%
French
 
 22%
English and French
 
 11%
others
 
 9%

Language used most often at work:[64]

Languages by language used most often at home:[65]

Languages by mother tongue:

First language Population (2016) % of total population (2016) Population (2011) % of total population (2011) Population (2006) % of total population (2006) Notes
Single language responses33,947,61097.64%32,481,63598.07%30,848,27098.74%
Official languages26,627,54576.59%25,913,95578.24%24,700,42579.06%
English19,460,85555.97%18,858,98056.94%17,882,77557.24%
French7,166,70020.61%7,054,97521.3%6,817,65021.82%
Non-official languages7,321,07021.06%6,567,68019.83%6,147,84019.68%
Combined Chinese Responses1,227,6803.53%n/an/an/an/aCombined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan
Mandarin (Standard Chinese)592,0351.7%248,7050.75%170,9500.55%
Cantonese565,2751.63%372,4601.12%361,4501.16%
Punjabi501,6801.44%430,7051.3%367,5051.18%
Spanish458,8501.32%410,6701.24%345,3451.11%
Tagalog (Filipino)431,3851.24%327,4450.99%235,6150.75%
Arabic419,8951.21%327,8700.99%261,6400.84%
German384,0401.1%409,2001.24%450,5701.44%
Italian375,6451.08%407,4851.23%455,0401.46%
Hindustani321,4650.92%263,3450.8%224,0450.72%Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu
Portuguese221,5350.64%211,3350.64%219,2750.7%
Persian (Farsi)214,2000.62%170,0450.51%134,0800.43%
Urdu210,8200.61%172,8000.52%145,8050.47%
Dravidian languages189,4050.54%n/an/an/an/aCombined responses of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.
Russian188,2550.54%164,3300.5%133,5800.43%
Polish181,7050.52%191,6450.58%211,1750.68%
Vietnamese156,4300.45%144,8800.44%141,6250.45%
Korean153,4250.44%137,9250.42%125,5700.4%
Tamil140,7200.4%131,2650.4%115,8800.37%Most of the Canadian Tamils live in Toronto.
Hindi110,6450.32%90,5450.27%78,2400.25%
Gujarati108,7750.31%91,4500.28%81,4650.26%
Greek106,5200.31%108,9250.33%117,2850.38%
Ukrainian102,4850.29%111,5400.34%134,5000.43%
Dutch99,0150.28%110,4900.33%128,9000.41%
Romanian96,6600.28%90,3000.27%78,4950.25%
Bengali73,1250.21%59,3700.18%45,6850.15%
Creoles72,1300.21%61,7250.19%53,5150.17%
Cree, n.o.s.[nb 1]64,0450.18%77,9000.24%78,8550.25%In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian61,2350.18%67,9200.21%73,3350.23%The majority of Hungarian speakers in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of Windsor, Ontario.
Berber languages (Kabyle)n/an/a57,8550.17%25,5780.08%
Serbian57,3450.16%56,4200.17%51,6650.17%
Croatian48,2000.14%49,7300.15%55,3300.18%
Japanese43,6400.13%39,9850.12%40,2000.13%
Chinese, n.o.s.[nb 1]38,5750.11%425,2101.28%456,7051.46%
Somali36,7600.11%31,3800.09%27,3200.09%
Inuktitut35,2150.1%33,5000.1%32,0150.1%In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.[nb 2]
Armenian33,4550.1%29,7950.09%30,1300.1%
Turkish32,8150.09%29,6400.09%24,7450.08%
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)31,7950.09%n/an/an/an/a
Malayalam28,5700.08%16,0800.05%11,9250.04%
Albanian26,8950.08%23,8200.07%n/an/a
Ilocano26,3450.08%17,9150.05%13,4500.04%
Amharic22,4650.06%18,0200.05%14,5550.05%
Czech22,2950.06%23,5850.07%24,4500.08%
Khmer (Cambodian)20,1300.06%19,4400.06%19,1050.06%
Bulgarian20,0200.06%19,0500.06%16,7900.05%
Hebrew19,5300.06%18,4500.06%17,6350.06%
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.[nb 1]19,1400.06%14,0750.04%n/an/a
Nepali18,2750.05%8,4800.03%n/an/a
Ojibway17,8850.05%17,6250.05%24,1900.08%
Slovak17,5850.05%17,5800.05%18,8200.06%
Pashto16,9100.05%12,4650.04%9,0250.03%
Macedonian16,7700.05%17,2450.05%18,4350.06%
Tigrigna16,6500.05%10,2200.03%7,1050.02%
Sinhala16,3350.05%14,1850.04%10,1800.03%
Bisayan languagesn/an/a16,2400.05%11,2400.04%
Telugu15,6550.05%9,3150.03%6,6250.02%
Finnish15,2950.04%17,4150.05%21,0300.07%
Yiddish13,5550.04%15,2050.05%16,2950.05%
Akan (Twi)13,4600.04%12,6800.04%12,7800.04%
Swahili13,3750.04%10,0900.03%7,9350.03%
Wu (Shanghainese)12,9200.04%n/an/an/an/a
Oji-Cree12,8550.04%9,8350.03%11,6900.04%
Lao12,6700.04%12,9700.04%13,9400.04%
Danish12,6300.04%14,1450.04%18,7350.06%
Malay12,2750.04%10,9100.03%9,4900.03%
Bosnian12,2100.04%11,6850.04%12,7900.04%
Sindhi11,8600.03%11,3300.03%10,3550.03%
Kurdish11,7050.03%9,8050.03%7,6600.02%
Hakka10,9100.03%5,1150.02%n/an/a
Dene10,7000.03%11,2150.03%9,7450.03%
Afrikaans10,2600.03%8,7700.03%n/an/a
Montagnais (Innu)10,2300.03%10,7850.03%10,9750.04%In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian9,7850.03%10,7750.03%13,1350.04%
Taiwanesen/an/a9,6350.03%9,6200.03%
Serbo-Croatian9,5550.03%10,1550.03%12,5100.04%
African languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]n/an/a9,1250.03%n/an/a
Thai9,2550.03%7,9350.02%n/an/a
Marathi8,2950.02%5,8300.02%n/an/a
Bantu languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]n/an/a7,1500.02%n/an/a
Lithuanian7,0750.02%7,2450.02%8,3350.03%
Swedish6,8400.02%7,3500.02%8,2200.03%
Mi'kmaq6,6900.02%7,6350.02%7,3650.02%
Tibetan6,1650.02%n/an/an/an/a
Atikamekw6,1500.02%5,8200.02%5,2500.02%
Canadian Gaelicn/an/a6,0150.02%6,0150.02%
Fukien (Fuzhou dialect)n/an/a5,9250.02%n/an/a
Rundi (Kirundi)5,8450.02%3,9750.01%n/an/a
Maltese5,5650.02%6,2200.02%6,4050.02%
Estonian5,4450.02%6,3850.02%8,2400.03%
Latvian5,4550.02%6,2000.02%7,0000.02%
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)5,2500.02%3,8950.01%n/an/a
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]5,1800.01%5,2550.02%n/an/a
Oromo4,9600.01%11,1400.03%n/an/a
Norwegian4,6150.01%5,8000.02%7,2250.02%
Tibetan languagesn/an/a4,6400.01%n/an/a
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]n/an/a4,3600.01%n/an/a
Sign languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]4,1250.01%3,8150.01%n/an/a
Vlaams (Flemish)3,8950.01%4,6900.01%5,6600.02%
Lingala3,8100.01%3,0850.01%n/an/a
Burmese3,5850.01%2,9850.01%n/an/a
Stoney3,0250.01%3,0500.01%n/an/a
Shanghainesen/an/a2,9200.01%n/an/a
Blackfoot2,815<0.01%n/an/a3,0850.01%
Slavic languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]2,4200.01%3,6300.01%n/an/a
Semitic languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]2,1550.01%16,9700.05%n/an/a
Frisian2,095<0.01%n/an/a2,8900.01%
Dogrib (Tlicho)1,645<0.01%n/an/a2,0200.01%
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]1,405<0.01%n/an/an/an/a
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)1,265<0.01%n/an/a5,5850.02%
Algonquin1,260<0.01%n/an/a1,9200.01%
Scottish Gaelic1,095<0.01%n/an/an/an/a
Welsh1,075<0.01%n/an/an/an/a
Carrier1,030<0.01%n/an/a1,560<0.01%
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)1,020<0.01%n/an/a365<0.01%
Mohawk985<0.01%n/an/a290<0.01%
South Slavey950<0.01%n/an/a1,6050.01%
Gitxsan (Gitksan)880<0.01%n/an/a1,180<0.01%
North Slave (Hare)765<0.01%n/an/a1,065<0.01%
Chilcotin655<0.01%n/an/a1,070<0.01%
Celtic languages, n.i.e.[nb 2]530<0.01%n/an/an/an/a
Chipewyann/an/an/an/a525<0.01%
Michif465<0.01%n/an/an/an/a
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)445<0.01%n/an/a935<0.01%
Nisga'a400<0.01%n/an/a680<0.01%
Malecite300<0.01%n/an/a535<0.01%
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)260<0.01%n/an/a360<0.01%
Tlingit95<0.01%n/an/a80<0.01%
Other languagesn/an/a77,8900.2%172,6500.55%
Multiple language responses818,6402.35%639,5401.9%392,7601.26%
English and French165,3350.48%144,6850.4%98,6300.32%
English and a non-official language533,2601.53%396,3301.2%240,0050.77%
French and a non-official language86,1450.25%74,4300.2%43,3350.14%
English, French, and a non-official language33,9000.1%24,0950.07%10,7900.03%
Total[66][67][68]34,767,250100%33,121,175100%31,241,030100%
  1. n.o.s. – not otherwise specified
  2. n.i.e. – not included elsewhere

Religion
See also: Religion in Canada

Statistics Canada (StatCan) grouped responses to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) question on religion into nine core religious categories – Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality, other religions and no religious affiliation.[69] Among these, 67% of Canadians were self-identified as Christians in 2011.[70] The second, third, and fourth-largest categories were of Canadians with no religious affiliation at 24%, Canadian Muslims at 3%, and Canadian Hindus at 2%.[70]

Within the 2011 NHS results, StatCan further subcategorized Christianity in nine groups of its own – Anglican, Baptist, Catholic, Christian Orthodox, Lutheran, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, United Church and Other Christian.[69] Among these, 39% of Canadians were self-identified as Catholic in 2011.[70] The second and third-largest ungrouped subcategories of Christian Canadians were United at 6% and Anglican at 5%, while 9% of Christians were grouped into the Other Christian subcategory comprising numerous denominations.[70]

Of the 3,036,785 or 5% of Canadians identified as Other Christians:[70]

  • 105,365 (0.3% of Canadians) were identified as Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church);
  • 137,775 (0.4% of Canadians) were identified as Jehovah's Witness;
  • 175,880 (0.5% of Canadians) were identified as Mennonite;
  • 550,965 (1.7% of Canadians) were identified as Protestant; and
  • 102,830 (0.3% of Canadians) were identified as Reformed.
Religion status of the Canadian Population in 2011[70]
Religion Total Percent
Buddhist366,8301%
Christian22,102,74567%
   Anglican1,631,8455%
   Baptist635,8402%
   Roman Catholic12,810,70539%
   Christian Orthodox550,6902%
   Lutheran478,1851%
   Pentecostal478,7051%
   Presbyterian472,3851%
   United Church2,007,6106%
   Other Christian3,036,7859%
Hindu497,9601.5%
Jewish329,5001%
Muslim1,053,9453%
Sikh454,9651%
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality64,9400.2%
Other religions130,8350.4%
No religious affiliation7,850,60524%

See also
NT
Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

Notes
    1. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.
    2. All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. However, "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestry. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones), but no-longer self identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude or generational distance from ancestral lineage.
      Source 1: Jack Jedwab (April 2008). "Our 'Cense' of Self: the 2006 Census saw 1.6 million 'Canadian'" (PDF). Association for Canadian Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
      Source 2: Don Kerr (2007). The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 313–317. ISBN 978-1-55130-322-2.
    3. The category "North American Indian" includes respondents who indicated that their ethnic origins were from a Canadian First Nation, or another non-Canadian North American aboriginal group (excluding Inuit and Métis).
      Source: "How Statistics Canada Identifies Aboriginal Peoples". Statistics Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2011.

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    52. Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
    53. Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
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    64. Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts
    65. The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: "Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home". 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations. Statistics Canada. April 8, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
    66. "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada". Statistics Canada. August 2, 2017.
    67. Census Profile – Province/Territory, Note 20
    68. Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages, 2006 Census of Canada Archived July 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
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    Further reading
    See also: Bibliography of Canada
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