Dallol (volcano)

Dallol is a cinder cone volcano in the Danakil Depression, northeast of the Erta Ale Range in Ethiopia. It has been formed by the intrusion of basaltic magma into Miocene salt deposits and subsequent hydrothermal activity.[1] Phreatic eruptions took place here in 1926, forming Dallol Volcano; numerous other eruption craters dot the salt flats nearby. These craters are the lowest known subaerial volcanic vents in the world, at 45 m (150 ft) or more below sea level. In October 2004 the shallow magma chamber beneath Dallol deflated and fed a magma intrusion southwards beneath the rift.[2] A phreatic eruption occurred in January 2011.[3]

Dallol
Highest point
Elevation−48 m (−157 ft)
Listing
Coordinates14°14′30″N 40°18′00″E 
Geography
Dallol
Location within Ethiopia
LocationEthiopia
Parent rangeDanakil Depression
Geology
Mountain typeExplosion craters
Last eruption2011

Numerous hot springs are discharging brine and acidic liquid here.[4] Small, widespread, temporary geysers produce cones of salt. The Dallol deposits include significant bodies of potash found directly at the surface.[5]

The term Dallol was coined by the Afar people and means dissolution or disintegration, describing a landscape of green acid ponds (pH-values less than 1) and iron oxide, sulfur and salt desert plains. The area resembles the hot springs areas of Yellowstone Park.

  • The Danakil desert seen from Dallol
  • Salt and sulfur formations at Dallol
  • Salt canyons
  • Sulfur ponds
  • Guide standing in Dallol

See also

References
  1. "Dallol salt springs and geysers". Wondermondo. 2011-06-07.
  2. Nobile, A; Pagli, C; Keir, D; Wright, TJ; Ayele, A; Ruch, J; Acocella, A (October 2012). "Dike-fault interaction during the 2004 Dallol intrusion at the northern edge of the Erta Ale Ridge (Afar, Ethiopia)" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (19): n/a. doi:10.1029/2012GL053152. hdl:2158/1110072.
  3. "Global Volcanism Program | Dallol". volcano.si.edu.
  4. Kotopoulou, Electra; Huertas, Antonio Delgado; García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel; Dominguez-Vera, Jose M.; Lopez-Garcia, Jose Maria; Guerra-Tschuschke, Isabel; Rull, Fernando (2018-12-06). "A poly-extreme hydrothermal system controlled by iron: the case of Dallol at the Afar Triangle". ACS Earth and Space Chemistry. 3 (1): 90–99. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00141. PMC 6380227. PMID 30801049.
  5. "Dallol in March, 2015". Independent Travellers. independent-travellers.com. Retrieved July 3, 2017.


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