Dakshayani Velayudhan

Dakshayani Velayudhan (4 July 1912 – 20 July 1978) was an Indian parliamentarian and leader of the Depressed Classes. Belonging to the Pulaya community, she was among the first generation of people to be educated from the community. She holds several distinctions including becoming the first woman from her community to wear an upper cloth, the first Scheduled Caste woman graduate in India, a science graduate, a member of the Cochin Legislative Council and of being one of nine female members of the Constituent Assembly of India.[1][2]

Dakshayani Velayudhan
Personal details
Born4 July 1912
bolghatty
Died20 July 1978
Spouse(s)R.Velayudhan
FatherKunjan
Occupationsocial reformer,worked as an L2 teacher

Honouring Dakshayani Velayudhan, the first and only Dalit woman MLA, the Kerala government has constituted the ‘Dakshayani Velayudhan Award’ which will be given to women who contributed in empowering other women in the state. The budget earmarked Rs 2 crore for the award[3]. This was announced by the Kerala Finance Minister Dr. Thomas Isaac during the presentation of Kerala Budget 2019 in the Legislative Assembly on 31st January 2019[4].

Early life and education

Dakshayani was born in the Mulavukad village of the Kanayannur taluka of Ernakulam district in 1912. She completed her B.A. in 1935 and went on to complete her teachers' training course from the Madras University three years later. Her studies were supported by scholarships from the government of the Cochin State. From 1935 to 1945 she worked as a teacher at the Government High Schools in Trichur and Tripunithura.[5]

Family

Dakshayani belonged to the Pulaya community, just like her contemporary social worker KPVallon K. P. Vallon.[1]She married R. Velayudhan a Scheduled Caste leader and later Member of Parliament.[6] Their wedding was held at Sevagram in Wardha with Gandhi and Kasturba as witnesses and a leper standing in as the priest. The couple had five children Dr. Reghu (previously doctor for Smt. Indira Gandhi), Prahladan, Dhruvan, Bhagirath [Secretary General, The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA)] and Meera. She was also related to K R Narayanan who later became the President of India.[1][2]

Parliamentary career

In 1945 Dakshayani was nominated to the Cochin Legislative Council by the government of the State.

Participation in the Constituent Assembly

Velayudhan was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India by the Council in 1946. She was the first and only Scheduled Caste woman to be elected to the constituent assembly. From 1946-1952 she served as a member of the Constituent Assembly and the Provisional Parliament of India. In Parliament she took special interest in the matters of education especially that of the Scheduled Castes.[7]

Interventions in the Constituent Assembly

Although a staunch Gandhian, Dakshayani sided with B R Ambedkar on many issues relating to the Scheduled Castes during the Constituent Assembly debates. She agreed with Ambedkar giving up the demand for separate electorates arguing instead for 'moral safeguards' and the immediate removal of their social disabilities.[8]

On 8 November 1948, after Dr BR Ambedkar introduced the draft Constitution for discussion, she expressed her appreciation for the draft while calling for greater decentralisation. She also suggested that the final draft of the Constitution should be adopted following a ratification through a general election.[9]

She intervened again on 29 November 1948, during discussions on draft Article 11, which aimed at prohibiting discrimination on the basis of caste, and was permitted to exceed the time limit by the Vice President of the Constituent Assembly who said, "It is only because you are a lady I am allowing you."[10] Velayudhan called for implementation of non-discrimination provisions through public education and pointed out that it would send a great public signal if the Constituent Assembly were to endorse a resolution condemning caste discrimination. "The working of the Constitution," she said, "will depend on how people conduct themselves in the future, not on the actual execution of the law."[10]

She also contested the general elections of 1971 from the Adoor Lok Sabha constituency but ended up fourth in a fray of five candidates.[11][12]

Later life and death

Dakshayani was president of the Depressed Classes Youths Fine arts Club and the Managing Editor of The Common Man in Madras from 1946-49. She later became the founder president of the Mahila Jagriti Parishad. Dakshayani died after a short illness in July 1978. She was 66.[13]

References
  1. Kshirsagar, R K (1994). Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956. New Delhi: MD Publications. p. 363. ISBN 9788185880433.
  2. "India: Meera Velayudhan: New Challenges, but Dreams Persist." Women's Feature Service. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  3. Dakshayani Velayudhan Award
  4. Kerala Budget 2019: Highlights
  5. Kshirsagar, R K (1994). Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956. New Delhi: MD Publications. p. 362. ISBN 9788185880433.
  6. "First Lok Sabha State wise Details: Travancore-Cochin". Lok Sabha, India. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  7. Kumar, Ravindra (1992). Selected Works Of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad : Volume 7. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers. pp. 49–51.
  8. Malik, Malti (2009). History of India - Main Aspects and Themes. New Delhi: Saraswati House. p. 350. ISBN 9788173354984.
  9. Lok Sabha Secretariat (8 November 1948). "Constituent Assembly of India Debates". Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  10. Lok Sabha Secretariat (29 November 1948). "Constituent Assembly of India Debates". Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  11. "Result Of Adoor (Kerala) in 1971". IBN Politics. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  12. "Lok Sabha Election 1971 - Kerala". Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  13. Paswan, Sanjay (2004). Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Leaders, Volume 4. New Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 285. ISBN 9788178350332.

The essay written by Dr Meera velayudhan,the daughter of Dakshayani Velayudhan.It is about the life of Dakshayani Velayudhan(July 1912-July 1978),an indian parlimentarian and social activist.Through the essay,we get a glimpse of the world she was born into and the hardships she faced both as a women and as a Dalit

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