Dactylorhiza praetermissa

Dactylorhiza praetermissa, the southern marsh orchid or leopard marsh orchid, is a commonly occurring species of European orchid.

Southern marsh orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Genus: Dactylorhiza
Species:
D. praetermissa
Binomial name
Dactylorhiza praetermissa
(Druce) Soó (1962)
Synonyms[1]
  • Orchis praetermissa Druce (basionym)
  • Orchis incarnata var. integrata E.G. Camus ex Fourcy
  • Orchis wirtgenii Höppner
  • Orchis praetermissa var. macrantha Sipkes
  • Orchis latifolia var. junialis Verm.
  • Orchis pardalina Pugsley
  • Dactylorchis praetermissa (Druce) Verm.
  • Dactylorhiza wirtgenii (Höppner) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza praetermissa ssp. integrata (E.G. Camus ex Fourcy) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza majalis var. junialis (Verm.) Senghas
  • Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. junialis (Verm.) Senghas
  • Dactylorhiza majalis ssp. praetermissa (Druce) D.M. Moore & Soó
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. praetermissa (Druce) H. Sund.
  • Dactylorhiza majalis var. praetermissa (Druce) R.M. Bateman & Denholm
  • Dactylorhiza majalis var. macrantha (Sipkes) R.M. Bateman & Denholm
  • Dactylorhiza integrata (E.G. Camus ex Fourcy) Aver.
  • Dactylorhiza pardalina (Pugsley) Aver.
  • Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. maculosa D. Tyteca & Gathoye
  • Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. integrata (E.G. Camus ex Fourcy) D.Tyteca & Gathoye
  • Dactylorhiza praetermissa f. junialis (Verm.) P.D.Sell

Description

Grows to 70 cm. Leaves generally unspotted. Flowers various shades of pink and varied markings, basal lip of flower rounded.[2]

It flowers May to July. The species is able to form hybrids with others in the same genus, and hybrids with Dactylorhiza fuchsii occur frequently.[3]

Distribution and Habitat

It is native to northern and central Europe (Britain, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France and the Baltic Republics). It is also reportedly naturalized in Italy and in parts of Canada (Ontario and Newfoundland).[1][4]

This species is found close to water, in damp alkaline meadows, by ponds, lakes or reservoirs and in dune slacks.

Ecology

The flowers of this species are pollinated by insects including the cuckoo bee and skipper butterfly.[5]

Dactylorhiza are known to be mycorrhizal generalists.[6] D. praetermissa has been shown to benefit from association with fungal species in the genus Rhizoctonia and others in the Tulasnellaceae family.[7][8]

Subspecies and varieties

Many names for infraspecific taxa have been proposed. At of June 2014, the following are recognized:[1]

  1. Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. junialis (Verm.) Senghas - Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada
  2. Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. osiliensis (Pikner) Kreutz - Sweden, Baltic Republics
  3. Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. praetermissa - Britain, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Italy
  4. Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. schoenophila R.M.Bateman & Denholm - Britain

References
  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. First Nature - Dactylorhiza praetermissa
  3. First Nature - Dactylorhiza praetermissa
  4. Nonis, U. (2012). Presenza di Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó in Carnia e in Cadore (Italia nord-orientale). GIROS Notizie 50: 57-59.
  5. Biohorizons - An investigation to determine variation in marsh orchid (Dactylorhiza) populations at Moses Gate Country Park, Bolton
  6. New Phytologist - What constrains the distribution of orchid populations?
  7. New Phytologist - Physiology and Ecology of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi with Reference to Seedling Nutrition
  8. PLoS One - Variation in Mycorrhizal Associations with Tulasnelloid Fungi Among Populations of Five Dactylorhiza Species


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